OOPs is object oriented programming which uses objects, classes, and inheritance. C++ is an object oriented language that uses objects, classes, data abstraction, encapsulation, inheritance, polymorphism, dynamic binding, and message passing. Objects are the basic runtime entities that can represent things in the real world. Classes are user-defined types that define objects with common properties and behaviors.

2. • OOPs is opposite to POP
(Procedure Oriented
Programming)
• C++ is an object
oriented programming
language .
 Object Oriented Programming System is
a object based programming. It is used to
create and execute the program in C++.

3. 1) Objects
2) Classes
3) Data Abstraction
4) Encapsulation
5) Inheritance
6) Polymorphism
7) Dynamic Binding
8) Message Passing

4. 1) OBJECT –
Object are the basic run time entities in an object
oriented system they may be represent a person, a
place, a account, etc. items that the programs has to
handle they may also represent user defined data.
FOR EX. - EVERYTHING IS AN OBJECT :-
 A student, a professor
 A desk, a chair, a classroom, a building
 A university, a city, a country
 The world, the universe
 A subject such as CS, IS, Math, History, …

5. 2) CLASS -
A class is a set (collection) of similar types of
objects
 Classes are user defined data types and we
have built in types of a programming language.
EXAMPLE –
• The “account” class defines two state
variables (account number and
balance) and two methods (deposit
and withdraw).
• Other example - Apple, Banana,
Orange, Grapes etc are members of
the class fruits.
class: Account
number:
balance:
deposit()
withdraw()

6. 3) DATA ABSTRACTION –
Data abstraction refers of the act of representing
essential features without including the background
details and explanation.
• Abstraction focuses upon the observable behavior of
an object.
• Data abstraction is a mechanism of exposing only
the interfaces and hiding the implementation details
from the user.

7. 4) ENCAPSULATION –
• Encapsulation is a way to implement data
abstraction.
• Encapsulation hides the details of the
implementation of an object.
• Encapsulation is a mechanism of bundling the data
and the functions that use them.
The wrapping up of data and
operations/function into a single unit (called
class) is known as encapsulation.

8. 5) INHERITANCE –
Inheritance is somewhat analogous to using
functions to simplify a traditional procedural
program.
Inheritance is the process by which object of
one class acquired the properties of object of
another class.
 Expresses commonality among objects
 Allows code reusability

9. 6) POLYMORPHISM -
Polymorphism is the ability for a message or data to
be processed in more than one form.
Polymorphism is a property by which the same
message can be sent to objects of several different
class.
• Polymorphism is the concept that supports the
capability of an object of a class of behave
differently in response to a message or action.
• Polymorphism is extensively used in
implementing inheritance.

10. 7) DYNAMIC BINDING -
In C++ we can have an array of base classes but we
can call different functions of the derived class by
using virtual functions- this is dynamic binding.
 If the methods are virtual then this is dynamic
binding.
•In OOPs Dynamic Binding refers to linking a
procedure call to the code that will be executed
only at run time.

11. 8) MESSAGE PASSING -
The process of message passing follow basic steps-
• Creating classes that define objects and their
behavior.
• Creating objects from class definition.
• Establishing communication among objects.
An oops consist of set of objects that
communicate with each other.