object oriented programming (OOPs) concepts..

2. • OOPs is opposite to POP
(Procedure Oriented
Programming)
• C++ is an object
oriented programming
language .
 Object Oriented Programming System is
a object based programming. It is used to
create and execute the program in C++.

3. 1) Objects
2) Classes
3) Data Abstraction
4) Encapsulation
5) Inheritance
6) Polymorphism
7) Dynamic Binding
8) Message Passing

4. 1) OBJECT –
Object are the basic run time entities in an object
oriented system they may be represent a person, a
place, a account, etc. items that the programs has to
handle they may also represent user defined data.
FOR EX. - EVERYTHING IS AN OBJECT :-
 A student, a professor
 A desk, a chair, a classroom, a building
 A university, a city, a country
 The world, the universe
 A subject such as CS, IS, Math, History, …

5. 2) CLASS -
A class is a set (collection) of similar types of
objects
 Classes are user defined data types and we
have built in types of a programming language.
EXAMPLE –
• The “account” class defines two state
variables (account number and
balance) and two methods (deposit
and withdraw).
• Other example - Apple, Banana,
Orange, Grapes etc are members of
the class fruits.
class: Account
number:
balance:
deposit()
withdraw()

6. 3) DATA ABSTRACTION –
Data abstraction refers of the act of representing
essential features without including the background
details and explanation.
• Abstraction focuses upon the observable behavior of
an object.
• Data abstraction is a mechanism of exposing only
the interfaces and hiding the implementation details
from the user.

7. 4) ENCAPSULATION –
• Encapsulation is a way to implement data
abstraction.
• Encapsulation hides the details of the
implementation of an object.
• Encapsulation is a mechanism of bundling the data
and the functions that use them.
The wrapping up of data and
operations/function into a single unit (called
class) is known as encapsulation.

8. 5) INHERITANCE –
Inheritance is somewhat analogous to using
functions to simplify a traditional procedural
program.
Inheritance is the process by which object of
one class acquired the properties of object of
another class.
 Expresses commonality among objects
 Allows code reusability

9. 6) POLYMORPHISM -
Polymorphism is the ability for a message or data to
be processed in more than one form.
Polymorphism is a property by which the same
message can be sent to objects of several different
class.
• Polymorphism is the concept that supports the
capability of an object of a class of behave
differently in response to a message or action.
• Polymorphism is extensively used in
implementing inheritance.

10. 7) DYNAMIC BINDING -
In C++ we can have an array of base classes but we
can call different functions of the derived class by
using virtual functions- this is dynamic binding.
 If the methods are virtual then this is dynamic
binding.
•In OOPs Dynamic Binding refers to linking a
procedure call to the code that will be executed
only at run time.

11. 8) MESSAGE PASSING -
The process of message passing follow basic steps-
• Creating classes that define objects and their
behavior.
• Creating objects from class definition.
• Establishing communication among objects.
An oops consist of set of objects that
communicate with each other.