This document discusses obesity, including its definition, prevalence, causes, characteristics, and related signaling pathways. Obesity is defined as having a body mass index of over 30 kg/m2 and affects around 30% of adults and 20% of children in the US. It results from an imbalance between calorie intake and expenditure and is influenced by genetic, dietary, socioeconomic, and lifestyle factors. Characteristics of obesity include low-grade inflammation and changes in gut microbiota and endocannabinoid signaling. The document examines signaling pathways related to obesity such as those involving free fatty acids, insulin, and saturated fats. Obesity is associated with various health conditions and is difficult to treat due to redundant pathways in the body
The Role of Adiponectin in Obesity and its Clinical Utility in Obesity-Associ...Randox Reagents
Obesity is a major risk factor for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), insulin resistance (IR), cardiovascular disease (CVD) and various types of malignancies, costing the economy $2 trillion annually.
Adiponectin has been identified as having pleiotropic functions widely associated with anti - atherogenic, anti - diabetic, cardioprotective and anti - inflammatory effects.
The Role of Adiponectin in Obesity and its Clinical Utility in Obesity-Associ...Randox Reagents
Obesity is a major risk factor for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), insulin resistance (IR), cardiovascular disease (CVD) and various types of malignancies, costing the economy $2 trillion annually.
Adiponectin has been identified as having pleiotropic functions widely associated with anti - atherogenic, anti - diabetic, cardioprotective and anti - inflammatory effects.
The IOSR Journal of Pharmacy (IOSRPHR) is an open access online & offline peer reviewed international journal, which publishes innovative research papers, reviews, mini-reviews, short communications and notes dealing with Pharmaceutical Sciences( Pharmaceutical Technology, Pharmaceutics, Biopharmaceutics, Pharmacokinetics, Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Computational Chemistry and Molecular Drug Design, Pharmacognosy & Phytochemistry, Pharmacology, Pharmaceutical Analysis, Pharmacy Practice, Clinical and Hospital Pharmacy, Cell Biology, Genomics and Proteomics, Pharmacogenomics, Bioinformatics and Biotechnology of Pharmaceutical Interest........more details on Aim & Scope).
All manuscripts are subject to rapid peer review. Those of high quality (not previously published and not under consideration for publication in another journal) will be published without delay.
In this modern civilization, the society is running through a so called fast life style. Under the mask of fast life style we are continuously struggling to hide our faults in daily lives. As a result of which the entire society have become submerged under the dirty dump of diseases, a non sense habits. Among these dirts, obesity is one of the major threat to modern society, which is also a principal contributing factors of most of the diseases of this era. But unfortunately in most of the cases it is a self made condition. Obesity is not only a threatening condition but also a common manifestation of many other systemic diseases. Obesity also increases the risk of other diseases. Therefore World Health Organization' WHO defined that "obesity is a global problem". This paper deals with obesity, it causes pathogenesis, prevention and management and differential diagnosis method. This paper will admonish the society how we allow obesity in our life carelessly, how to get relief from it and the fate by this fatal condition. Arpan Laskar | Dr. Sinchan Das "Obesity, A Global Threat" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-5 , August 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd25274.pdfPaper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/medicine/other/25274/obesity-a-global-threat/arpan-laskar
Obesity is one of the most common factor which underlies the pathophysiology of many other non- communicable diseases. In recent years, its prevalence has blown out of proportions. The term GLOBESITY signfies that. Newer pharmacological developments will definitely play a crucial role in containing this epidemic.
This seminar is my attempt this interesting topic with all the latest data I could collect on the internet.
Metabolic syndrome is one of the most common risk factor for Cardiovascular disease. Greek, unani, ayurvedic Herbal medicine shows great potential in helping fight the condition. in these presentation an attempt made to understand the pathophysiology in detail, and How Unani system of medicine address this whole syndrome along with the details of potent herbs which can be used for the Metabolic syndrome.
Brian Covello: Diabetes Research ProposalBrian Covello
Brian Covello's diabetes research proposal. Type 2 diabetes mellitus consists of an array of dysfunctions characterized by hyperglycemia and resulting from the combination of resistance to insulin action, inadequate insulin secretion, and excessive or inappropriate glucagon secretion.
Essential update: FDA approves subcutaneous albiglutide for management of DM2
The FDA has approved once-weekly injectable albiglutide (Tanzeum), a glucagonlike peptide 1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist, along with diet and exercise for the treatment of type 2 diabetes.[1, 2] This agent may be used either as monotherapy or in combination with metformin, glimepiride, pioglitazone, or insulin.
Albiglutide should not be used for the following[1, 2] :
Patients with type 1 diabetes
Patients with diabetic ketoacidosis
First-line therapy in patients who can’t be managed with diet and exercise
Patients who have a personal or family history of medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC)
Patients who have multiple endocrine neoplasia syndrome type 2
The most common adverse reactions associated with albiglutide were nausea/diarrhea and injection-site reactions.
There will be a boxed warning on albiglutide’s labeling about thyroid C-cell tumors being observed in rodent studies with this class of drugs; it is currently unknown whether albiglutide causes these tumors in humans, including MTC.[1, 2] Moreover, the FDA is also requiring a number of postmarketing studies, including a pediatric trial; an MTC case registry (≥15 y); and a cardiovascular (CV)-outcomes trial in patients with a baseline high risk of CV disease.
Signs and symptoms
Many patients with type 2 diabetes are asymptomatic. Clinical manifestations include the following:
Classic symptoms: Polyuria, polydipsia, polyphagia, and weight loss
Blurred vision
Lower-extremity paresthesias
Yeast infections (eg, balanitis in men)
See Presentation for more detail.
Diagnosis
Diagnostic criteria by the American Diabetes Association (ADA) include the following[3] :
A fasting plasma glucose (FPG) level of 126 mg/dL (7.0 mmol/L) or higher, or
A 2-hour plasma glucose level of 200 mg/dL (11.1 mmol/L) or higher during a 75-g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), or
A random plasma glucose of 200 mg/dL (11.1 mmol/L) or higher in a patient with classic symptoms of hyperglycemia or hyperglycemic crisis
Whether a hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) level of 6.5% or higher should be a primary diagnostic criterion or an optional criterion remains a point of controversy.
Indications for diabetes screening in asymptomatic adults includes the following[4, 5] :
Sustained blood pressure >135/80 mm Hg
Overweight and 1 or more other risk factors for diabetes (eg, first-degree relative with diabetes, BP >140/90 mm Hg, and HDL < 35 mg/dL and/or triglyceride level >250 mg/dL)
ADA recommends screening at age 45 years in the absence of the above criteria
See Workup for more detail.
More than 66% of U.S. adults are categorized as overweight or obese, and the prevalence of obesity is increasing rapidly in most of the industrialized world.
Children and adolescents also are becoming more obese, indicating that the current trends will accelerate over time.
Obesity is associated with an increased risk of multiple health problems, including hypertension, type 2 diabetes, dyslipidemia, obstructive sleep apnea, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, degenerative joint disease, and some malignancies.
Thus, it is important for physicians to identify, evaluate, and treat patients for obesity and associated comorbid conditions.
The IOSR Journal of Pharmacy (IOSRPHR) is an open access online & offline peer reviewed international journal, which publishes innovative research papers, reviews, mini-reviews, short communications and notes dealing with Pharmaceutical Sciences( Pharmaceutical Technology, Pharmaceutics, Biopharmaceutics, Pharmacokinetics, Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Computational Chemistry and Molecular Drug Design, Pharmacognosy & Phytochemistry, Pharmacology, Pharmaceutical Analysis, Pharmacy Practice, Clinical and Hospital Pharmacy, Cell Biology, Genomics and Proteomics, Pharmacogenomics, Bioinformatics and Biotechnology of Pharmaceutical Interest........more details on Aim & Scope).
All manuscripts are subject to rapid peer review. Those of high quality (not previously published and not under consideration for publication in another journal) will be published without delay.
In this modern civilization, the society is running through a so called fast life style. Under the mask of fast life style we are continuously struggling to hide our faults in daily lives. As a result of which the entire society have become submerged under the dirty dump of diseases, a non sense habits. Among these dirts, obesity is one of the major threat to modern society, which is also a principal contributing factors of most of the diseases of this era. But unfortunately in most of the cases it is a self made condition. Obesity is not only a threatening condition but also a common manifestation of many other systemic diseases. Obesity also increases the risk of other diseases. Therefore World Health Organization' WHO defined that "obesity is a global problem". This paper deals with obesity, it causes pathogenesis, prevention and management and differential diagnosis method. This paper will admonish the society how we allow obesity in our life carelessly, how to get relief from it and the fate by this fatal condition. Arpan Laskar | Dr. Sinchan Das "Obesity, A Global Threat" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-5 , August 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd25274.pdfPaper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/medicine/other/25274/obesity-a-global-threat/arpan-laskar
Obesity is one of the most common factor which underlies the pathophysiology of many other non- communicable diseases. In recent years, its prevalence has blown out of proportions. The term GLOBESITY signfies that. Newer pharmacological developments will definitely play a crucial role in containing this epidemic.
This seminar is my attempt this interesting topic with all the latest data I could collect on the internet.
Metabolic syndrome is one of the most common risk factor for Cardiovascular disease. Greek, unani, ayurvedic Herbal medicine shows great potential in helping fight the condition. in these presentation an attempt made to understand the pathophysiology in detail, and How Unani system of medicine address this whole syndrome along with the details of potent herbs which can be used for the Metabolic syndrome.
Brian Covello: Diabetes Research ProposalBrian Covello
Brian Covello's diabetes research proposal. Type 2 diabetes mellitus consists of an array of dysfunctions characterized by hyperglycemia and resulting from the combination of resistance to insulin action, inadequate insulin secretion, and excessive or inappropriate glucagon secretion.
Essential update: FDA approves subcutaneous albiglutide for management of DM2
The FDA has approved once-weekly injectable albiglutide (Tanzeum), a glucagonlike peptide 1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist, along with diet and exercise for the treatment of type 2 diabetes.[1, 2] This agent may be used either as monotherapy or in combination with metformin, glimepiride, pioglitazone, or insulin.
Albiglutide should not be used for the following[1, 2] :
Patients with type 1 diabetes
Patients with diabetic ketoacidosis
First-line therapy in patients who can’t be managed with diet and exercise
Patients who have a personal or family history of medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC)
Patients who have multiple endocrine neoplasia syndrome type 2
The most common adverse reactions associated with albiglutide were nausea/diarrhea and injection-site reactions.
There will be a boxed warning on albiglutide’s labeling about thyroid C-cell tumors being observed in rodent studies with this class of drugs; it is currently unknown whether albiglutide causes these tumors in humans, including MTC.[1, 2] Moreover, the FDA is also requiring a number of postmarketing studies, including a pediatric trial; an MTC case registry (≥15 y); and a cardiovascular (CV)-outcomes trial in patients with a baseline high risk of CV disease.
Signs and symptoms
Many patients with type 2 diabetes are asymptomatic. Clinical manifestations include the following:
Classic symptoms: Polyuria, polydipsia, polyphagia, and weight loss
Blurred vision
Lower-extremity paresthesias
Yeast infections (eg, balanitis in men)
See Presentation for more detail.
Diagnosis
Diagnostic criteria by the American Diabetes Association (ADA) include the following[3] :
A fasting plasma glucose (FPG) level of 126 mg/dL (7.0 mmol/L) or higher, or
A 2-hour plasma glucose level of 200 mg/dL (11.1 mmol/L) or higher during a 75-g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), or
A random plasma glucose of 200 mg/dL (11.1 mmol/L) or higher in a patient with classic symptoms of hyperglycemia or hyperglycemic crisis
Whether a hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) level of 6.5% or higher should be a primary diagnostic criterion or an optional criterion remains a point of controversy.
Indications for diabetes screening in asymptomatic adults includes the following[4, 5] :
Sustained blood pressure >135/80 mm Hg
Overweight and 1 or more other risk factors for diabetes (eg, first-degree relative with diabetes, BP >140/90 mm Hg, and HDL < 35 mg/dL and/or triglyceride level >250 mg/dL)
ADA recommends screening at age 45 years in the absence of the above criteria
See Workup for more detail.
More than 66% of U.S. adults are categorized as overweight or obese, and the prevalence of obesity is increasing rapidly in most of the industrialized world.
Children and adolescents also are becoming more obese, indicating that the current trends will accelerate over time.
Obesity is associated with an increased risk of multiple health problems, including hypertension, type 2 diabetes, dyslipidemia, obstructive sleep apnea, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, degenerative joint disease, and some malignancies.
Thus, it is important for physicians to identify, evaluate, and treat patients for obesity and associated comorbid conditions.
Flow cytometry is a laser-based technique to count and analysis the size, shape and properties of individual cells within a heterogeneous population of cells.
ELISA Development Guide from Creative Diagnostics. Creative Diagnostics provides contract ELISA kit development services for the R&D and IVD community.
This PPT is about P38 signaling pathway. It includes the introduction of p38, mechanisms of p38 MAPK activation, signaling pathway, physiological functions, and related disease.
This video we talk about immunocytes, Immunocyte is any cell which can react with antigen to produce antibody or to participate in cell-mediated reactions.
Excess amyloid β-peptide is believed to be a main contributor to the dysfunction and degeneration of neurons that occurs in Alzheimer’s disease. Aβ is a 38 to 43 amino acid peptide that is derived from the β amyloid precursor protein, APP.
Tau is a highly soluble protein that mainly expressed in the neurons in the central nervous system. Firstly discovered as a microtubule-associated protein, Tau protein is primarily found in axons where it regulates microtubule polymerization and promotes microtubule stabilization. However, via the selective binding of diverse partners, Tau participates in multiple physiological processes including regulation of axonal diameter and growth, regulation of vesicle and organelle transport, modulation of signaling cascades by acting as a protein scaffold, cellular response to heat shock, adult neurogenesis and the establishment of neuronal polarity in development. Otherwise, abnormal Tau functions are deeply involved in neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease.
Adv. biopharm. APPLICATION OF PHARMACOKINETICS : TARGETED DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEMSAkankshaAshtankar
MIP 201T & MPH 202T
ADVANCED BIOPHARMACEUTICS & PHARMACOKINETICS : UNIT 5
APPLICATION OF PHARMACOKINETICS : TARGETED DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEMS By - AKANKSHA ASHTANKAR
ABDOMINAL TRAUMA in pediatrics part one.drhasanrajab
Abdominal trauma in pediatrics refers to injuries or damage to the abdominal organs in children. It can occur due to various causes such as falls, motor vehicle accidents, sports-related injuries, and physical abuse. Children are more vulnerable to abdominal trauma due to their unique anatomical and physiological characteristics. Signs and symptoms include abdominal pain, tenderness, distension, vomiting, and signs of shock. Diagnosis involves physical examination, imaging studies, and laboratory tests. Management depends on the severity and may involve conservative treatment or surgical intervention. Prevention is crucial in reducing the incidence of abdominal trauma in children.
Tom Selleck Health: A Comprehensive Look at the Iconic Actor’s Wellness Journeygreendigital
Tom Selleck, an enduring figure in Hollywood. has captivated audiences for decades with his rugged charm, iconic moustache. and memorable roles in television and film. From his breakout role as Thomas Magnum in Magnum P.I. to his current portrayal of Frank Reagan in Blue Bloods. Selleck's career has spanned over 50 years. But beyond his professional achievements. fans have often been curious about Tom Selleck Health. especially as he has aged in the public eye.
Follow us on: Pinterest
Introduction
Many have been interested in Tom Selleck health. not only because of his enduring presence on screen but also because of the challenges. and lifestyle choices he has faced and made over the years. This article delves into the various aspects of Tom Selleck health. exploring his fitness regimen, diet, mental health. and the challenges he has encountered as he ages. We'll look at how he maintains his well-being. the health issues he has faced, and his approach to ageing .
Early Life and Career
Childhood and Athletic Beginnings
Tom Selleck was born on January 29, 1945, in Detroit, Michigan, and grew up in Sherman Oaks, California. From an early age, he was involved in sports, particularly basketball. which played a significant role in his physical development. His athletic pursuits continued into college. where he attended the University of Southern California (USC) on a basketball scholarship. This early involvement in sports laid a strong foundation for his physical health and disciplined lifestyle.
Transition to Acting
Selleck's transition from an athlete to an actor came with its physical demands. His first significant role in "Magnum P.I." required him to perform various stunts and maintain a fit appearance. This role, which he played from 1980 to 1988. necessitated a rigorous fitness routine to meet the show's demands. setting the stage for his long-term commitment to health and wellness.
Fitness Regimen
Workout Routine
Tom Selleck health and fitness regimen has evolved. adapting to his changing roles and age. During his "Magnum, P.I." days. Selleck's workouts were intense and focused on building and maintaining muscle mass. His routine included weightlifting, cardiovascular exercises. and specific training for the stunts he performed on the show.
Selleck adjusted his fitness routine as he aged to suit his body's needs. Today, his workouts focus on maintaining flexibility, strength, and cardiovascular health. He incorporates low-impact exercises such as swimming, walking, and light weightlifting. This balanced approach helps him stay fit without putting undue strain on his joints and muscles.
Importance of Flexibility and Mobility
In recent years, Selleck has emphasized the importance of flexibility and mobility in his fitness regimen. Understanding the natural decline in muscle mass and joint flexibility with age. he includes stretching and yoga in his routine. These practices help prevent injuries, improve posture, and maintain mobilit
Local Advanced Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex Sys...Oleg Kshivets
Overall life span (LS) was 1671.7±1721.6 days and cumulative 5YS reached 62.4%, 10 years – 50.4%, 20 years – 44.6%. 94 LCP lived more than 5 years without cancer (LS=2958.6±1723.6 days), 22 – more than 10 years (LS=5571±1841.8 days). 67 LCP died because of LC (LS=471.9±344 days). AT significantly improved 5YS (68% vs. 53.7%) (P=0.028 by log-rank test). Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: N0-N12, T3-4, blood cell circuit, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells-CC and blood cells subpopulations), LC cell dynamics, recalcification time, heparin tolerance, prothrombin index, protein, AT, procedure type (P=0.000-0.031). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and N0-12 (rank=1), thrombocytes/CC (rank=2), segmented neutrophils/CC (3), eosinophils/CC (4), erythrocytes/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), stick neutrophils/CC (8), leucocytes/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (error=0.000; area under ROC curve=1.0).
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/kqbnxVAZs-0
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/SINlygW1Mpc
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
- Link to NephroTube website: www.NephroTube.com
- Link to NephroTube social media accounts: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/join-nephrotube-on-social-media.html
Basavarajeeyam is a Sreshta Sangraha grantha (Compiled book ), written by Neelkanta kotturu Basavaraja Virachita. It contains 25 Prakaranas, First 24 Chapters related to Rogas& 25th to Rasadravyas.
263778731218 Abortion Clinic /Pills In Harare ,sisternakatoto
263778731218 Abortion Clinic /Pills In Harare ,ABORTION WOMEN’S CLINIC +27730423979 IN women clinic we believe that every woman should be able to make choices in her pregnancy. Our job is to provide compassionate care, safety,affordable and confidential services. That’s why we have won the trust from all generations of women all over the world. we use non surgical method(Abortion pills) to terminate…Dr.LISA +27730423979women Clinic is committed to providing the highest quality of obstetrical and gynecological care to women of all ages. Our dedicated staff aim to treat each patient and her health concerns with compassion and respect.Our dedicated group ABORTION WOMEN’S CLINIC +27730423979 IN women clinic we believe that every woman should be able to make choices in her pregnancy. Our job is to provide compassionate care, safety,affordable and confidential services. That’s why we have won the trust from all generations of women all over the world. we use non surgical method(Abortion pills) to terminate…Dr.LISA +27730423979women Clinic is committed to providing the highest quality of obstetrical and gynecological care to women of all ages. Our dedicated staff aim to treat each patient and her health concerns with compassion and respect.Our dedicated group of receptionists, nurses, and physicians have worked together as a teamof receptionists, nurses, and physicians have worked together as a team wwww.lisywomensclinic.co.za/
3. WWW.CREATIVE-DIAGNOSTICS.COM
NHANES
Obesity is a common problem in the US and worldwide.
According to National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
(NHANES) data, it's estimated to affect around 30% adults and
around 20% children aged 10 to 11.
For children, rates of obesity have risen even
faster. Obesity is the second cause of death in
the world and has reached epidemic
proportions in recent years.
6. WWW.CREATIVE-DIAGNOSTICS.COM 模版研究院
PPT CHART ACADEMY
6
It stems from a positive mismatch between
energy intake and energy expenditure.
Western societies are “obesigenic” environments
where people have become sedentary while food
portions have grown “super-sized” and highly
processed convenience foods and soft drinks
provide a glut of calories throughout the day.
Factors
10. WWW.CREATIVE-DIAGNOSTICS.COM
Factors
Lifestyle factors particularly in early life, such as
exposure to antibiotics, and other early life
environmental modifiers which may be linked with
epigenetic changes, are coming under scrutiny as risk
factors for obesity later in life.
The rapidity at which obesity is increasing in westernized
or socio-economically developed countries is not fully
explained by traditional theories of weight gain.
13. WWW.CREATIVE-DIAGNOSTICS.COM
Obesity individuals secrete less adiponectin than lean
individuals. The decreased production of adiponectin, in
combination with the inability of adipose tissue to store the
surplus free fatty acids (FFAs), can be considered to reflect
adipose tissue dysfunction. Under normal conditions,
adiponectin increases insulin sensitivity directly, by stimulating
tyrosine phosphorylation of the insulin receptor. Adiponectin,
binding to adipo-receptor R1/R2, can activate 5′-AMP-activated
protein kinase (AMPK), leading to increased fatty acid
oxidation and decreased influx of FFAs into the liver.
Independent of AMPK activation, adiponectin decreases the
production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which may result
in decreased activation of mitogen-activated-protein-kinase
(MAPK) and thereby inhibition of cell proliferation.
14. WWW.CREATIVE-DIAGNOSTICS.COM
Cells of the innate immune system produce cytokines and
other factors that affect insulin signaling and result in the
development of insulin resistance which is frequently seen
in obesity. Obesity induces lipolysis and release of pro-
inflammatory FFAs and factors, such as tumor necrosis
factor alpha (TNF-α). TNF-α initiates signaling through
tumor necrosis factor receptor 1 (TNFR1) with the
consequent regulation of gene expression, recruiting
TNFR1-associated death domain (TRADD), TNF receptor-
associated factor-2 (TRAF2), and receptor-interacting
protein (RIP). They then induce TGFβ-activated kinase 1
(TAK1) and TAK1-TAB complex which activates NF-κB
essential modulator (NEMO), IKKα, and IKKβ. The
activation of the IκB kinase leads to phosphorylation of IκB
and release of NF-κB, which then translocates to the
nucleus and binds to the promoters of pro-inflammatory
genes and initiates transcription.
15. WWW.CREATIVE-DIAGNOSTICS.COM
Insulin binding to insulin receptor (IR),
leads to the activation of receptor
tyrosine kinase and receptor
phosphorylation, which enables the
binding of docking proteins such as
insulin receptor substrates (IRS). It then
stimulates cell proliferation through
several downstream signaling networks,
including the phosphatidylinositol 3-
kinase (PI3K) -AKT system, mammalian
target of rapamycin (mTOR), and the
MAPK systems.
16. WWW.CREATIVE-DIAGNOSTICS.COM
Saturated fatty acids (SFAs) are the major
type of fats including lauric, myristic, palmitic
and stearic acids. They can bind to Fetuin-A,
an endogenous ligand of toll-like receptor 2
(TLR2) or TLR4, and initiate transcription of
interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF3) by
activating the myeloid differentiation primary
response protein 88 (MyD88)-TIR-domain-
containing adapter-inducing interferon-β
(TRIF)-dependent pathway. TNF receptor-
associated factor-3 (TRAF3) is a ubiquitin
ligase recruited to both MYD88 and TRIF-
assembled signaling complexes. The IKK-
related kinases (TBK1) and IKKε activate
IRF3, and activated IRF3 then translocates to
the nucleus and binds to target DNA
sequences.
17. WWW.CREATIVE-DIAGNOSTICS.COM
Obesity is a chronic disease and is associated with numerous comorbidities, including
type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), cardiovascular disease, hypertension, and
dyslipidemia.
Therapy
Moreover, obesity is a risk factor for major causes of morbidity and mortality and increasing
evidence shows that a binge eating disorder (BED) affects a subset of obese patients.
The failure of these efforts points to the existence of additional, non-homeostatic
mechanisms that mediate feeding behavior. Indeed, redundancy in these pathways
makes obesity therapy difficult as it is further evidenced by the failure of newer drugs
targeting distinct aspects of these systems. Thus, the epidemic of obesity begs for novel
concepts and therapeutic targets that ideally treat ‘food-use’ disorders and related
comorbidities such as drug addiction and neuropsychiatric disorders.
18. WWW.CREATIVE-DIAGNOSTICS.COM
Do you want to know more about obesity?
Do not hesitate to contact us for any questions.
Email us at info@creative-diagnostics.com
Website: http://www.creative-diagnostics.com/
19. WWW.CREATIVE-DIAGNOSTICS.COM 模版研究院
PPT CHART ACADEMY
THANK YOU
Website: http://www.creative-diagnostics.com/
Email: info@creative-diagnostics.com
45-1 Ramsey Road, Shirley, NY 11967, USA