Nyctalopia
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Night blindness, also known as nyctalopia, is diminished vision in low light conditions. It can be caused by vitamin A deficiency, genetic conditions like retinitis pigmentosa, or eye diseases such as glaucoma or pathological myopia. Vitamin A deficiency causes night blindness by inhibiting the production of rhodopsin in the retina, which is needed for low light vision. Retinitis pigmentosa causes progressive night blindness and eventual daytime vision loss by the gradual loss of rod cells in the retina. Treatment depends on the underlying cause, such as vitamin A supplements for deficiencies or refractive surgery for myopia.
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Night Blindness
Night blindness, also known as nyctalopia, is a condition where it is difficult or impossible to see in low light conditions. It can be present from birth or caused by injury or malnutrition, especially vitamin A deficiency. The main causes of night blindness include vitamin A deficiency, retinitis pigmentosa, congenital night blindness, pathological myopia, peripheral cortical cataracts, and advanced primary open angle glaucoma. The underlying cause must be treated, such as supplementing vitamin A for a deficiency or surgery for retinitis pigmentosa.
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1. The patient is presenting with nyctalopia (difficulty seeing at night) that started in childhood and is now experiencing declining daytime vision, consistent with retinitis pigmentosa (RP).
2. RP is a hereditary retinal disease that causes progressive vision loss starting with night blindness and peripheral vision loss, and may be associated with systemic findings.
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Hhyhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhggggggggggggggggggggggg
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1. Xerophthalmia is caused by vitamin A deficiency and can lead to blindness in children. Treatment involves high vitamin foods and vitamin A supplements.
2. Foreign bodies in the eye can cause pain and irritation. Examination is needed to locate and remove superficial bodies, while embedded objects require referral to an eye specialist.
3. Red eye has many potential causes like conjunctivitis, glaucoma, or corneal ulcers. Examination of symptoms and signs helps determine the cause and appropriate treatment or referral.
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Nyctalopia
- 2. DEFINITION Also termed as Night blindness Defined as diminution of vision in dim light Observe as a symptoms of different eye disease
- 3. ETIOLOGY • Causes: • Vitamin A deficiency • Retinitis pigmentosa • Congenital night blindness • Pathological myopia • Advance primary open angle glaucoma Night blindness may exist from birth or be caused by injury or malnutrition (for example Vitamin A deficiency)
- 4. VITAMIN A DEFICIENCY Inhibits the production of rhodopsin(the eye pigment responsible for sensing low light situations) found in the retina composed of retinal(active form of retina) The decreased amount of rhodopsin in the eye implies that there is inadequate retinal to bind opsin. Therefore night blindness result.
- 5. RETINITIS PIGMENTOSA A disorder in which the rod cell in the retina gradually lose their to response to the light. Patients suffering from this genetic condition have progressive nyctalopia and eventually their day time vision may also affected(Hamarlopia)
- 6. TREATMENT Treat the underlying cause: The treatment method depends on the cause of the night blindness: I. Vitamin A deficiency- treated by giving Vitamin A supplement II.Retinitis pigmentosa-not completely curable but the rate of progression of this disease may reduced by intake of vitamin A supplement and surgeries (retinal transplant)
- 7. TREATMENT CONT. Myopia: use of corrective glasses or lenses or refractive surgery Glaucoma: Switching of glaucoma medicine medicine may help Peripheral cataract: cataract surgeries Oguchi’s disease: incurable
- 8. THANK YOU