AfricaSan 2011, Rwanda: Behaviour change session - Nyanzobe Hamisi Malimi, WSP, Tanzania
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This document summarizes Tanzania's experience with a program to promote handwashing with soap. The program worked with the government and districts to encourage households to improve and maintain handwashing behaviors. It found that knowledge of handwashing was high but practice was low. To change this, it focused communication on rural mothers by recognizing their important role and portraying handwashing as simple, easy, and able to make a difference for their families' health. An assessment found some initial success, with 18% of households in one district having functioning handwashing stations and soap after the program. The document emphasizes the importance of understanding target audiences and incentives for volunteers.
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Diarrheal disease causes over 2 million deaths annually worldwide mainly due to contaminated water and poor sanitation and hygiene practices such as not washing hands with soap, though Hindustan Lever Limited's Lifebuoy soap brand addressed this through their Swasthya Chetna rural hygiene education program which reached over 120 million people across India between 2002-2008 by educating communities on the importance of handwashing with soap to prevent the spread of invisible germs.
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SH Hussein Risk Factors of Diarrhea Disease among Under Five in I.docx
SH Hussein Risk Factors of Diarrhea Disease among Under Five in Ibrahim Malik Teaching Hospital, Khartoum state-Sudan 2017
IH Giha, MI Shaddad, A Yusuf, et al. Nutritional Status and its Related Factors in Khalwa Residents, Khartoum state,Sudan. BioRxiv. 2019 610972.
Thomas, E. Sensing WASH—In Situ and Remote Sensing Technologies. Innovations in WASH Impact Measures.2018 59.
Gebremariam, B, & Tsehaye, K. Effect of community led total sanitation and hygiene (CLTSH) implementation program on latrine utilization among adult villagers of North Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study. BMC research notes. 2012;12(1), 478.
Hailu, T, Mulu, W, Abera, Prevalence and determinant factors of hookworm infection among school age children in Jawe district, NorthWest Ethiopia. African Health Sciences. 2019;19(3), 2439-2445.
Watson, J., Dreibelbis, R., Aunger et al. Child's play: Harnessing play and curiosity motives to improve child handwashing in a humanitarian setting. International journal of hygiene and environmental health.2019; 222(2), 177-182.
Kier, PPD, Dai, Y C. Mothers’ knowledge, attitudes and practices on preventing diarrhoea in Juba, South Sudan. South Sudan Medical Journal. 2018; 11(3), 60-64.
IA Eljack, Environmental conditions in displaced communities of Khartoum State, Sudan
African Journal of Environmental Science and …, 2016 - ajol.info
ME Lado – An assessment of hand washing as a toll for controlling infections and diseases in primary schools in Juba, South Sudan. 2016 - nuir.nkumbauniversity.ac.ug
D Peprah, JJ Palmer, GJ Rubin et al. Perceptions of oral cholera vaccine and reasons for full, partial and non-acceptance during a humanitarian crisis in South Sudan. - Vaccine, 2016 – Elsevier
M Turnbull - Humanitarian Quality Assurance: South Sudan Evaluation of the response at UN House IDP camp …, 2015 - alnap.org
S Tamiru, K Mamo, P Acidria et al. Towards a sustainable solution for school menstrual hygiene management: cases of Ethiopia, Uganda, South-Sudan, Tanzania, and Zimbabwe, 2015 - developmentbookshelf.com
A Lerebours, J Lapegue – WASH governance in support of humanitarian programs in South Sudan: a case study from Northern Bahr el Ghazal. 2016 - dspace.lboro.ac.uk
C Sun - Prevalence and associated risk factors of Intestinal Helminths infections among pre- school children (1 to 5 years old) in IDPs settlements of Khartoum state, Sudan
The Journal of Global Health, 2015 - ghjournal.org
Instructions:
1) Select one problem from the list provided below that you would like to research and investigate.
2) You are required to use no less than seven (7) sources. The sources/references used must come from scholarly articles, newspapers, periodicals, etc. No internet websites can be used as sources for your research paper. However, you can use the internet for researching articles in databases, govt. resources, journals, newspapers, etc.
3) You are required to answer all of the questions found in the template below using APA format ...
Breaking down barriers to women's economic empowerment - summary note
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In the Knowledge, Attitude, Behaviour and Practices (KABP) study on hygiene among children in schools, school heads, teachers and students were interviewed in six states across majority public schools and few private schools.
This paper is based on the findings from the baseline study.
There was a state wise variation in socio-demographic profile of children and their families across the six states i.e. Bihar, Maharashtra, Andhra Pradesh, Telangana, Rajasthan and Uttar Pradesh. In Rajasthan, 45% of the schools visited were private schools; the differences in practices were apparent.
Parents in Maharashtra were reported to be most educated. Higher education level among parents of Maharashtra seems to translate into better perception among children about portable drinking water. Television was widely available in homes and its use was widespread across all the states. Mobile phone use
was also trickling down to the younger population, but the access to internet was sparse and limited. At the same time it was found that presence of television at home has little to do with the knowledge and practice of hygiene.
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Chapter-1
Introduction to objective, scope and outcome the subject
Chapter 2
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Chapter 3
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AfricaSan 2011, Rwanda: Behaviour change session - Nyanzobe Hamisi Malimi, WSP, Tanzania
- 1. Making ‘what works’ work: Changing behaviour in sanitation and hygiene Wednesday 20 July 2011Session jointly convened by LSHTM/SHARE, WSSCC, UNICEF and WSP Global Scaling Up Hand washing Project -Tanzania Experience Nyanzobe Hamisi Malimi, WSP
- 2. Program snapshot Working with national government and 10 districts to learn how to prompt households to improve and maintain their hand washing behaviours. Implementation 2009-2011: Scaling up and hand washing with soap at critical junctures
- 3. Why Tanzania investing in hand washing? 30,000 people die annually due to diarrheal diseases. 12.6 percent of children suffer from diarrheal diseases. Acute respiratory infections (ARIs), an average prevalence of 8% (DHS, 2004-05 report). Knowledge of the reasons to wash hands was high but the practice was low. Hand washing with soap can reduce diarrheal incidence by 42-47% (Curtis and Cairncross 2003) 3
- 5. Good at making ends meet with what they have .
- 11. They feel nobody notices their efforts
- 15. Phases for behaviour change
- 16. Outputs
- 17. Outcome Rapid assessment and Impact assessment will be conducted from August 2011. Spot check in Kiteto District Feb, 2011: Tippy tap as indicator Kiteto District has 3,498 house holds 18% of House holds has fuctioning tippy taps and soap. 12
- 18. Lessons and way forward Understanding the consumer is necessary to develop the right message, ways of communication and technology. The use of hand washing volunteers needs proper system for incentives within the Government structure. Performance monitoring need strengthening HWWS indicators included in MoH Results Framework mentioned in TZ Nationa Strategy for Growth and Poverty Reduction (NSGPR) Integtating Hand washing in National Sanitation Campaign from July 2011 for 42 Districts.
- 19. Contact details and resources nmalimi@worldbank.org www.wsp.org/wsp/
- 20. THANK YOU!
Editor's Notes
- GC’s edits: I have added your email address and the WSP homepage. Please add any more websites if appropriate.