How Cancer occur and it's types. How can you get early detection and can live a healthy life? DNA testing is changing the world.

1. Cancer a Silent Killer
Are you Protected…?

2. • Today, millions of people are living with cancer or have been
cured of the disease.
• Millions of people died due to Cancer every year around the Globe.
• Mostly cancer didn’t show sign and symptoms, that’s why it
is known as Silent Killer.
• It get caught in the later stages, where in most cases it
couldn’t be cure.
• The sooner a cancer is found and the sooner treatment begins, the
better a patient's chances are of a cure. That's why early detection
of cancer is such an important weapon in the fight against cancer.

4. • Cancer is a genetic disease—that is, cancer is caused
by certain changes to genes that control the way our
cells function, especially how they grow and divide.
These changes include mutations in the DNA that
makes up our genes.
• Cancer arises from the mutation of a normal gene.
• It is thought that several mutations need to occur
to give rise to cancer
• Cells that are old or not functioning properly
normally self destruct and are replaced by new cells.
• However, cancerous cells do not self destruct and
continue to divide rapidly producing millions of new
cancerous cells.

5. • Lifetime risk – the probability that an individual, over the
course of a lifetime, will develop cancer or die from it
• Relative risk – measure of the strength of the relationship
between risk factors and a particular cancer
• Smoking – 30% of all cancer deaths, 87% of lung cancer
deaths
• Obesity – 50% higher risk for breast cancer in women, 40%
higher risk in colon cancer for men.
• Inheritance – 20% chances that an individual inherit cancer
genes, there are more than 50 syndromes related to cancer
which are hereditary.

6. Biological Factor:
• Some cancers such as breast, stomach,
colon, prostate, uterus, ovaries and lung
appear to run in families
• Hodgkin’s disease and certain leukemia's
show similar patterns.
• A rare form of eye cancer appears to be
transmitted genetically from mother to
child.
Social And Psychological Factors:
• Stress has been implicated in increased susceptibility to several types of cancers.
• Sleep disturbances, diet, or a combination of factors may weaken the body’s immune system.

7. Chemicals In Foods:
• Sodium nitrate when ingested forms a potential carcinogen, nitrosamine.
• Pesticide and herbicide residues.
Viral Factors:
• Herpes-related viruses may be involved in the development of leukemia,
Hodgkin’s disease, cervical cancer.
• Human papillomavirus (HPV), virus that causes genital warts, has been
linked to cervical cancer
• Helicobacter pylori causes ulcers which are a major factor in the
development of stomach cancer

9. • In Pakistan various kinds of cancer have claimed over 91,000
lives in 2013
• Increasing trend was witnessed in new cases of fatality
from lung cancer among men and breast cancer among
women across the country between 1990 and 2013.
• Deaths from breast cancer were the highest for women,
more than doubling to 16,200, only in 2013, with increasing
rate every year.
• One in 8th women in Pakistan faces breast cancer during her
life.
• Prostate cancer effects 3.8% people in Pakistan per year.
• Leukemia showed the lowest number of new cases at
4,400 in 2013.
• Mouth cancer showed the lowest number of male
deaths at 3,400 in 2013
• Esophageal cancer in men was one of the lowest at
5,600 in 2013.

10.  Are there 3 or more three person suffering
from cancer?
 Or do your parents suffering from cancer..?
 Do you work in a hazardous environment..?
 Are you obese..?
 Are you addicted to some kind of non-
healthy stuff like smoking, alcohol.. e.t.c.

11. • Clinical DNA sequencing will be useful in detecting many
genetic mutations at one time. Targeted multiple-gene panels
test for many inherited mutations or somatic mutations at the
same time. These panels can include different genes and be
tailored to individual tumor types. Targeted gene panels limit
the data to be analyzed and include only known genes, which
makes the interpretation more straightforward than in
broader approaches that assess the whole genome (or tumor
genome) or significant parts of it
 Go for DNA test for various types of caners. And consult the genetic counselors.

12. Cancer
DNA test
Classificati
on of
cancer
Early
Diagnosis
Drug
resistance
Drug
targets
Progression
and
response to
therapy
Early
treatment

13. Diagnose Cancer at early stage, Is better
for you and your family..
Don’t Transfer it in next generation…
Live healthy, Live strong, Live High