Nutrition in South Asia: Why Gender Matters
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The document discusses nutrition in South Asia and the importance of addressing gender issues. It notes that levels of undernutrition in children under 5 remain high across South Asia. Gender inequities negatively impact nutrition through factors like low education, early marriage and pregnancy, and domestic duties that constrain women's nutrition and access to healthcare. Improving early childhood nutrition is crucial as it leads to gains like higher cognitive skills and wages as an adult. Finally, addressing social and gender policies is seen as essential to make progress on maternal and child undernutrition in the region.
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Nutrition in South Asia: Why Gender Matters
- 1. Purnima Menon, PhD Research Fellow International Food Policy Research Institute New Delhi October 30, 2009 NUTRITION IN SOUTH ASIA : WHY GENDER MATTERS
- 2. 2009 Global Hunger Index
- 3. Child nutrition in South Asia * For age group 6-59 months 1. National Family Health Survey, India, 2005-06 2. Nepal Demographic Health Survey, 2006 3. Bangladesh Demographic Health Survey, 2004 4. Pakistan Demographic Health Survey, 2007 5. Sri Lanka Demographic Health Survey, 2007
- 4. Reductions in child underweight from 1988-92 to 2001-2006 Source: Global Hunger Index 2008; Appendix C
- 5. The window of most damage…and of opportunity
- 6. Women’s status and reductions in child undernutrition Contributions to reductions in child malnutrition, 1970-95 Source: Smith and Haddad 2000
- 10. Social exclusion and undernutrition in India NFHS Report; India, 2005-06
- 11. Social factors and severe stunting in Nepal November 25, 2008
- 12. Why should we improve early childhood nutrition? % Source: Hoddinott et al. Lancet, 2008
- 13. Improving nutrition in early childhood and adult wage rates Age when exposed to intervention (months) p < 0.01 p < 0.01 p = 0.41 US$ / hour Source: Hoddinott et al. Lancet 2008
- 14. Pathways by which improving early nutrition increases wages BRAIN BRAWN Source: Behrman et al. in press Child development (early childhood) Height at 3 y Height, strength, CV resistance (adulthood) Schooling 1.2 grade (women) Cognitive skills (adulthood )(0.25 SD) More skilled jobs
- 15. Drivers of maternal and child undernutrition Social protection and gender policies and interventions are essential to make a difference! Black et al., Lancet 2008
Editor's Notes
- Co-authors Anil Deolalikar, University of California, Riverside Anjor Bhaskar, IFPRI Funding and support Welthungerhilfe
- If we look at the trends in the underlying components, we see a relatively steady decline in udner five mortality rates over the last 15 years or so.
- Negative effect on hours, positive (insig) effect on total income. But, productivity. 0-2 had greatest impact
- The India State Hunger Index 2008 findings highlight the continued overall severity of the hunger situation in India, while revealing the variability in hunger across states within India. It is indeed alarming that not a single state in India is either low or moderate in terms of their hunger index scores; most states have a “serious” hunger problem, and one state, Madhya Pradesh, has an extremely alarming hunger problem