Medical Biochemistry | Food and Nutrition | Nutritionally Important Macromole...MarufaAkhter2
This is a lecture class presentation on nutritionally important macromolecules (protein and fat) of the Food and Nutrition card for the students of Medical Biochemistry.
Medical Biochemistry | Food and Nutrition | Nutritionally Important Macromole...MarufaAkhter2
This is a lecture class presentation on nutritionally important macromolecules (protein and fat) of the Food and Nutrition card for the students of Medical Biochemistry.
3 ESO- Biology bilingual education.
IES Pedro de Luna.
Cell.
Microscope.
Types of cells: Eukaryotic and Procaryotic. Animal and Plant cells.
The organelles ofthe cell and their functions.
www.biodeluna.wordpress.com
Levels of organization life.
Atome-molecules-cells-tissues-organ-system-organism to the ecospehere.
With interactives exercises for the classroom lesson.
www. biodeluna.wordpress.com/
Food can be defined as anything edible that can be solid, semisolid or liquid which when swallowed, digested and assimilated in the body, proves useful to it. These substances not only keep the person alive, but also provide energy used for growth and development, regulate the body processes and protect the body from diseases.
Nutrients
What is the nutrient? Nutrients are any substances that the body requires to perform work and which provide energy to do work. The most common functions of nutrients are: they provide energy, make body structure, and maintain chemical processes in the body. There are two main types of nutrients, macronutrients (proteins, carbohydrates, and fats) and micronutrients (vitamins and minerals). We eat nutrients not only because we are hungry but also because all the daily routine movements, like walking, dancing, talking, and even watching TV or playing games also need energy. Humans need many nutrients, some of which the body synthesizes called non-essential nutrients, and which the body cannot synthesize are called essential nutrients.
Types of nutrients: requirement basis
Nutrients can be divided into two categories on the basis of body requirements, which are macronutrients and micronutrients.
1- Macronutrients: (macro means large) Macronutrients are those nutrients that the body requires eventually in larger quantities to function well to provide energy. E.g.: carbohydrates, proteins, fats.
2- Micronutrients: (micro means small) those nutrients which the body requires a small amount to perform vital works. need in milligrams or micrograms to energize the body. E.g.: vitamins (A, B, D, E, K) and minerals (calcium, phosphorus, potassium, sodium, chloride, magnesium, iron, zinc, iodine, chromium, copper, fluoride, molybdenum, manganese, and selenium).
Rule of major nutrients
There are seven important nutrients present in diets, but five are the most important for the body to do vital functions. These nutrients are protein, carbohydrates, fats, vitamins, and minerals. And other two nutrients are water and roughage which do not provide nutrition to the body but perform important functions.
Protein
Protein is the building block of a body. It is composed of many small units called amino acids. These amino acids encoded by genes, combine together in a sequence to form a long chain called protein. The bond between two amino acids is called a peptide bond or amide linkage. The word protein is derived from the Greek word proteios, meaning primary or 1st rank.
What are the sources of Protein?
There are many sources of protein, some of them present below.
Egg, Bean, Meat, Fish, Milk, Paneer, Mushroom, Cottage cheese, Soybean, Lentil, Peanut, Greek Yogurt, Quinoa, Nuts, Beef, Almond, Legume etc.
Amino Acids
Amino acids are the basic unit of protein. Amino acids combine with specific sequences into long chains to form proteins. These sequences are coded by genes.
There are 20 amino acids, 9 essential amino acids, and 11 non-essential amino acids.
1- Essential amino acids: There are nine amino acids that our body can not synthesize but obtain from diets that's why they are called essential amino acids. Ex: histidine, isoleucine, leucine, lysine.
2- Non-essential amino acids: those amino acids that synthesize in our own body and are not required in our
There are seven main classes of nutrients that the body needs. These are carbohydrates, proteins, fats, vitamins, minerals, fibre and water. It is important that everyone consumes these seven nutrients on a daily basis to help them build their bodies and maintain their health. Deficiencies, excesses and imbalances in diet can produce negative impacts on health, which may lead to diseases.
Macronutrients
“Macro” means large
These are nutrients which people need to eat regularly and in a fairly large amount.
They include carbohydrates, fats, proteins, fibre and water.
These substances are needed for the supply of energy and growth, for metabolism and other body functions.
II. Micronutrients
‘micro’ means small
Micronutrients are substances which people need in their diet in only small amounts.
These include minerals and vitamins.
Most foods are mixtures of nutrients( in 1 food more than 1 nutrient may be present)
1. UNIT NUTRITION AND FOOD
Nutrition (nutrición):
It is the collection of all the process that allow organisms to use and transform food to
keep them alives.
Es el conjunto de procesos que permite a los organismos utilizar y transformar los
nutrientes para mantenerse vivos.
Feeding, (alimentación):
It is the process in which the food is obtained from the outside.
Es el proceso por el cual se obtienen dichos nutrientes del medio externo.
BIOMOLECULES
Food give us the nutrients we need. This nutrients are basically the biomolecules that
build our organism.
They are: carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, vitamins, water and mineral salts.
Los alimentos contienen los nutrientes que necesitamos. Estos nutrientes son,
básicamente, las biomoléculas que constituyen nuestro organismo y se denominan
principios inmediatos.
Son los glúcidos, los lípidos, las proteínas, las vitaminas, el agua y las sales
minerales.
2. Carbohydrates = sacharides (glúcidos):
-They are made up of molecules called monosacharides.
** Bread, cereals, legums, potatoes and pasta are rich in carbohidrates.
Lipids (lípidos):
This is a huge group of very diverse sustances
Saturated fats Insaturated Celular Lipids with
fats membrane regulatory
lipids functions
Solubility Not soluble in Not soluble in Not soluble in Not soluble in
water water water water
Properties Very energetic Very energetic Structural
Solid Liquid, oils
(animal) (vegetal)
Examples We can find it Olive oil Waxes Vitamines and
in peperoni, hormones
sausages...
** Olive oil, butter, pork meat and eggs are rich in lipids.
Proteins (proteínas)
-They are macromolecules (large biomolecules), with very complex structures, made up
of chains of smaller molecules called amino acids (20 differents).
Functions Examples
They give structure to the cells Collagen in the skin
They transport biomolecules around the Hemoglobin
body
They regulate chemical rections Enzymes
They protect the body from bacteria and Antibodies
microorganism
**Meat, fish, eggs, mik and legumes are rich in proteins.
3. Vitamins (vitaminas)
-They are essential (but in small amounts) to stay healthy and grow.
**Fruits and vegetables are rich in vitamins.
Mineral salts (sales minerales)
-Inorganic biomolecules, they are not exclusive for living beings.
Functions Examples
They form the solid structure of human Skeleton, tooth
livings
They allow the transmission of nervous
impulses
Involved in chemical reactions
**We can find them disolved in water and in aliments.
Water (agua)
-Inorganic biomolecules, they are not exclusive for living beings.
-Water is the most abundant biomolecule in living beings.
-It makes up about 63% of our body.
-It is the solvent of most of the biomolecules.
-Metablic reactions occur in water.
-It regulates body temperature.
TYPES OF FOODS AND THEIR NUTRIENTS
Energy foods Body-building Energy foods Body-regulating
foods foods
Rich in Rich in proteins Rich in fats Rich in vitamins
carbohidrates and minerals
Bread Meat Oil Vegetables
Pasta Fish Butter Fruit
Potatoes Milk Pork meat
Rice Eggs
Sugar
4. Diet (dieta):
Our diet is made up of the things we eat and drink.
Healthy diet (dieta saludable):
A diet that consists of a balanced intake of foods which helps maintain or improve
overall health. A Mediterranean diet is an example of a healthy diet.
Mediterranean diet (dieta mediterránea):
Activities
1- How many times do you eat on a day?
2- Do you have breakfast everyday?
3- What did you have yesterday for lunch?
4- What did you have yesterday for dinner?
5- How often do you eat sweets in a week?
6- How many pieces of fruit and vegetables do you eat in a day?
7- Do you think you have a healthy diet?
8- Write one day healthy diet for young people as you (still growing).
5. 9- Complete the tables bellow:
-Milk, bread, fish, sausages, olive oil, orange juice, eggs, pasta, rice,
hamburguer, ham, jam, yogurt, bicuits, chocolates, coffe, beer, cheese, carrots,
oranges.
The origin of the food
Animals Vegetables
Tipes of foods and their nutrients
Energy Body-building Energy foods Body-regulating
foods foods foods
Rich in Rich in proteins Rich in fats Rich in vitamins
carbohidrates and minerals
10- In your daily diet do you eat foods from all the groups (Carbohidrates,
proteins,fats, vitamins and minerals)?
11- If in the question 7 you answered yes, do you still think you have a healthy diet?
Why?