This document provides guidance on conducting a systematic literature search to answer a clinical question. It outlines learning objectives around developing a searchable question using the PICO framework, identifying relevant study types, and systematically searching appropriate databases. Specific tips are provided, such as using subject headings and keywords to search concepts separately and combine them using Boolean operators. The document emphasizes formulating a clear question first and choosing databases based on the question. It also directs the user to resources for finding systematic reviews and practicing example searches.
Evidence-Based Medicine - Overview
- How to be a good doctor - A step in Health promotion
- By Ibrahim A. Abdelhaleem - Zagazig Medical Research Society (ZMRS)
Intro to Biomedical Research - Basic Concepts
- How to be a good doctor - A step in Health promotion
- By Ibrahim A. Abdelhaleem - Zagazig Medical Research Society (ZMRS)
Evidence-Based Medicine - Overview
- How to be a good doctor - A step in Health promotion
- By Ibrahim A. Abdelhaleem - Zagazig Medical Research Society (ZMRS)
Intro to Biomedical Research - Basic Concepts
- How to be a good doctor - A step in Health promotion
- By Ibrahim A. Abdelhaleem - Zagazig Medical Research Society (ZMRS)
Here are the multiple reasons we are successful at helping your study out! We send patients that are educated about the clinical trial process, patients who are local to your research site, patients who are actively searching for clinical research related to their condition, and much much more!
slides will make you understand current issues of nursing research and envisioning future scope or you say journey from nursing research to nurse scientist
Study Design & Anatomy of Scientific Research
- How to be a good doctor - A step in Health promotion
- By Ibrahim A. Abdelhaleem - Zagazig Medical Research Society (ZMRS)
Types of Data & Different Databases
- How to be a good doctor - A step in Health promotion
- By Ibrahim A. Abdelhaleem - Zagazig Medical Research Society (ZMRS)
This presentation was funded by CDC and PEPFAR through the SUCCEED project at Stellenbosch University. The presentation was delivered by Ms Lynn Hendricks from the Centre for Evidence Based Health Care in July 2017
Here are the multiple reasons we are successful at helping your study out! We send patients that are educated about the clinical trial process, patients who are local to your research site, patients who are actively searching for clinical research related to their condition, and much much more!
slides will make you understand current issues of nursing research and envisioning future scope or you say journey from nursing research to nurse scientist
Study Design & Anatomy of Scientific Research
- How to be a good doctor - A step in Health promotion
- By Ibrahim A. Abdelhaleem - Zagazig Medical Research Society (ZMRS)
Types of Data & Different Databases
- How to be a good doctor - A step in Health promotion
- By Ibrahim A. Abdelhaleem - Zagazig Medical Research Society (ZMRS)
This presentation was funded by CDC and PEPFAR through the SUCCEED project at Stellenbosch University. The presentation was delivered by Ms Lynn Hendricks from the Centre for Evidence Based Health Care in July 2017
This presentation describes the importance of literature review, how to run literature search, and how to write it. Tools to manage references are also covered.
(1) Critique Template for a Qualitative StudyNURS 6052Week.docxkatherncarlyle
(1): Critique Template for a Qualitative Study
NURS 6052
Week 6 Assignment: Application: Critiquing Quantitative, Qualitative, or Mixed Methods Studies (due by Day 7 of Week 7)
Date:
Your name:
Article reference (in APA style):
URL:
What is a critique? Simply stated, a critique is a critical analysis undertaken for some purpose. Nurses critique research for three main reasons: to improve their practice, to broaden their understanding, and to provide a base for the conduct of a study.
When the purpose is to improve practice, nurses must give special consideration to questions such as these:
· Are the research findings appropriate to my practice setting and situation?
· What further research or pilot studies need to be done, if any, before incorporating findings into practice to assure both safety and effectiveness?
· How might a proposed change in practice trigger changes in other aspects of practice?
To help you synthesize your learning throughout this course and prepare you to utilize research in your practice, you will be critiquing a qualitative, quantitative, or mixed-methods research study of your choice.
If the article is unavailable in a full-text version through the Walden University Library, you must e-mail the article as a PDF or Word attachment to your Instructor.
QUALITATIVE RESEARCH CRITIQUE
1. Research Issue and Purpose
What is the research question or issue of the referenced study? What is its purpose? (Sometimes ONLY the purpose is stated clearly and the question must be inferred from the introductory discussion of the purpose.)
2. Researcher Pre-understandings
Does the article include a discussion of the researcher’s pre-understandings? What does the article disclose about the researcher’s professional and personal perspectives on the research problem?
3. Literature Review
What is the quality of the literature review? Is the literature review current, relevant? Is there evidence that the author critiqued the literature or merely reported it without critique? Is there an integrated summary of the current knowledge base regarding the research problem, or does the literature review contain opinion or anecdotal articles without any synthesis or summary of the whole? (Sometimes the literature review is incorporated into the introductory section without being explicitly identified.)
4. Theoretical or Conceptual Framework
Is a theoretical or conceptual framework identified? If so, what is it? Is it a nursing framework or one drawn from another discipline? (Sometimes there is no explicitly identified theoretical or conceptual framework; in addition, many “nursing” research studies draw on a “borrowed” framework, e.g., stress, medical pathology, etc.)
5. Participants
Who were the participants? Is the setting or study group adequately described? Is the setting appropriate for the research question? What type of sampling strategy was used? Was it appropriate? Was the sample size adequate? Did t ...
How to Conduct a Literature Review (ISRAPM 2014)Saeid Safari
How to Conduct a Literature Review
Searching references in medical journalism
Saeid Safari, Anesthesiologist,
Editorial Manager of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine
www.anesthpain.com
drsafari.s@gmail.com
2. Learning Objectives
1. Learn how to develop a searchable
question
2. Learn the methodology behind
conducting a systematic search of
the literature
3. Learn where and how to find
Systematic Reviews
3. For your assignment
You need to:
a) See if a systematic review has been
conducted on your topic
b) Conduct a systematic search of the
literature
c) Manage your results
d) Write it up
9. Question Formulation
VERY Important
Good questions will
– Focus/clarify your information need
– Give you some idea of where to look for
information
– Give you searching concepts and terms
10. P I C O Structure
P Patient/Population/Problem
I Intervention
C Comparison
O Outcome
T Type of Study
11. Question Scenario
You work on a general medical floor. Many
patients with congestive heart failure are
readmitted after they go home from the
hospital. You think that if there was better
coordination of care and patient education
before the patient went home many of these
readmissions could be prevented. You want
to find if there are evidence-based nursing
interventions that can reduce the rate of
hospital readmission for heart failure.
12. PICO Model or Structure
P Congestive Heart Failure OR CHF
I Care Coordination OR Patient Education
C Usual care
O Readmission
T Randomized Controlled Trial OR RCT OR Cohort study
13. Your search question
What is the effect of patient
education and/or care co-
ordination on readmissions for
patients with CHF?
14. Study types for question types
Diagnosis prospective cohort study with good
quality validation against “gold
standard”
Therapy randomized controlled clinical trial
(RCT)
Etiology/ RCT, cohort or case-control study
Harm (probably retrospective)
Prognosis prospective cohort study
15. Systematic Search of the Literature
1. Choose database(s)
2. Search concepts separately and include synonyms
for your concepts
3. Find subject headings
– Scope note, tree
1. Use keywords / textwords as well
2. Combine using OR / AND as appropriate
3. Apply limits
4. Revise
5. Export to RefWorks
16. Databases of interest
• Medline (OVID)
• CINAHL
• EMBASE
• PsycInfo
• Scopus
and the list goes on…
56. Systematic reviews
• Synthesis of all high quality research on a topic,
carried out using very rigorous and repeatable
methods
• Cochrane Library is most well known source
• PubMed Systematic Reviews Search
– Access via Gerstein
• See examples of methods sections in the
Cochrane Library
63. Your questions?
Patricia Ayala
anap.ayala@utoronto.ca
416.978.6778
Editor's Notes
nothing
A) What is the evidence implicating obesity in the pathogenesis of diabetes? B) What is the evidence for the effect of obesity on overall health and mortality? Scenario is set up for etiology, but you could also have therapy or prognosis questions emerging, as well, background questions such as: What does a BMI of 35 indicate? What are the risk factors for diabetes? Some relevant questions about the scenario to which we do not have any information would be: What type of diabetes does his mother have? Type I or II? Was she diabetic while pregnant with him? Is he of African Canadian descent?
ask them to read the scenario to self and come up with questions. Have 2 librarians at flip charts—one to capture background questions and 1 to capture foreground questions. Discussion around various ways that PICO can be done. This is an area for which the students will only have a superficial understanding. They likely only know that “obesity is bad”. A BMI of 35 is in the range leading to definite high risk for diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and increased overall mortality. The key consideration here is to find the actual evidence that evaluates obesity in and of itself as a risk factor for these outcomes. Ideally, one should be able to say how much more likely these outcomes are for an obese patient, compared to a non-obese patient. Click to next screen to take up—PICO front and centre so participants can refer to this schematic. This is an etiology question What is the evidence implicating obesity in the pathogenesis of diabetes? What is the evidence for the effect of obesity on overall health and mortality?
Tell them this is just one example of how you can use PICO for this scenario –let them know that “intervention” does not have to be just a treatment that you add to the situation, but can be anything that has been added to the situation/environment, in this case, the patients obesity. The Searchable question: In a 25 yr old obese male, what is the risk of developing diabetes? Can also approach this is a therapy question if you look at lifestyle modifications, and compare to No intervention, or to weight loss, or another option: P= obesity/genetic predisposition to diabetes I= lifestyle modification/diet/exercise C= n/a or no modifications O= therapeutic effectiveness; prognosis; does this change his risk?
Tell them this is just one example of how you can use PICO for this scenario –let them know that “intervention” does not have to be just a treatment that you add to the situation, but can be anything that has been added to the situation/environment, in this case, the patients obesity. The Searchable question: In a 25 yr old obese male, what is the risk of developing diabetes? Can also approach this is a therapy question if you look at lifestyle modifications, and compare to No intervention, or to weight loss, or another option: P= obesity/genetic predisposition to diabetes I= lifestyle modification/diet/exercise C= n/a or no modifications O= therapeutic effectiveness; prognosis; does this change his risk?
RCTs are not necessarily the best type of study to answer your type of question. Here is a loose matching of question types to the ideal kinds of research for answering them Let them know that * In all cases a systematic review of the best stated study type is better than the individual study type. Let them know that in our class example of the obese young man, we would therefore be looking for RCTs, or cohort or case-control studies to answer our question. As another example, refer back to OCD question and search terms (slide 12). Let them know that to be more effective in one’s search, if those basic search terms from P-I-C yielded too many results, this is the point where they might consider focusing their search on the appropriate study type for the type of question they are asking I.e., in that question as well you could look specifically for RCTs. If you are searching evidence-based pre-appraised resources (which we will be talking about next) this step has probably already been done for you. BUT “filtering” resources to appropriate study types is a useful technique if you are searching databases like MEDLINE.
We know you are familiar with it and MEDLINE is not really a clinical tool—too big and cumbersome plus material must be synthesized by user before it can be applied. can ask for experiences and how they feel about MEDLINE as a tool. PubMed By searching for BMI / Diabetes type 2/ and Risk Factors, and limiting to males, a searcher will have approx. 1100 hits. One quicker way of searching for clinical questions when you do have to search for actual studies, as in this case, is to use pubmed’s clinical queries feature, as you can search by study type. Method A Quickly go to show where Clinical Queries is located, and choose study type etiology, by searching high BMI and Diabetes Mellitus type-2 [etiology], the searcher will have limited his or her search to 46 relevant articles. By limiting to men, and systematic reviews, he or she will find the following article that discusses issues of body mass and diabetes. Janssen I, Katzmarzyk PT, Ross R. Body mass index, waist circumference, and health risk: evidence in support of current National Institutes of Health guidelines. Arch Intern Med. 2002 Oct 14;162(18):2074-9. Method B Alternately, type in obesity diabetes age factors to show that there are answers here, though still a sizeable amount as this is a popular topic, doing it this way, narrows it down to relevant material such as: Schienkiewitz A, Schulze MB, Hoffmann K, Kroke A, Boeing H. Body mass index history and risk of type 2 diabetes: results from the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC)-Potsdam Study. Am J Clin Nutr. 2006 Aug;84(2):427-33. PMID: 16895894 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] The reason we have put in “age factors” this time was to factor in for the age of our patient—what is the significance of his age? How might this affect his level of risk? Whereas method A takes into account the patients gender.
We know you are familiar with it and MEDLINE is not really a clinical tool—too big and cumbersome plus material must be synthesized by user before it can be applied. can ask for experiences and how they feel about MEDLINE as a tool. PubMed By searching for BMI / Diabetes type 2/ and Risk Factors, and limiting to males, a searcher will have approx. 1100 hits. One quicker way of searching for clinical questions when you do have to search for actual studies, as in this case, is to use pubmed’s clinical queries feature, as you can search by study type. Method A Quickly go to show where Clinical Queries is located, and choose study type etiology, by searching high BMI and Diabetes Mellitus type-2 [etiology], the searcher will have limited his or her search to 46 relevant articles. By limiting to men, and systematic reviews, he or she will find the following article that discusses issues of body mass and diabetes. Janssen I, Katzmarzyk PT, Ross R. Body mass index, waist circumference, and health risk: evidence in support of current National Institutes of Health guidelines. Arch Intern Med. 2002 Oct 14;162(18):2074-9. Method B Alternately, type in obesity diabetes age factors to show that there are answers here, though still a sizeable amount as this is a popular topic, doing it this way, narrows it down to relevant material such as: Schienkiewitz A, Schulze MB, Hoffmann K, Kroke A, Boeing H. Body mass index history and risk of type 2 diabetes: results from the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC)-Potsdam Study. Am J Clin Nutr. 2006 Aug;84(2):427-33. PMID: 16895894 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] The reason we have put in “age factors” this time was to factor in for the age of our patient—what is the significance of his age? How might this affect his level of risk? Whereas method A takes into account the patients gender.