The document discusses the Chernobyl disaster and its aftermath, including its political impacts and health effects. Over 400 million people across 20 countries were exposed to radiation from Chernobyl. It led to increased cancer rates and birth defects. The disaster also stimulated environmental opposition and nationalism in the affected countries. The Three Mile Island accident in the US is also discussed, noting the health impacts and deformities seen in local plants and animals. Risks associated with all parts of the nuclear fuel cycle and transportation of radioactive materials are outlined.
The document discusses the risks and controversies surrounding nuclear energy. It describes major nuclear accidents like Chernobyl and Three Mile Island and their health and environmental impacts. While nuclear energy has benefits like producing large amounts of emissions-free energy, it also produces highly radioactive waste that remains dangerous for extremely long periods, and the mining, enrichment and operations carry safety risks if not properly managed. The nuclear fuel cycle and waste disposal pose ongoing challenges due to the very long-lasting nature of nuclear radiation.
Nuclear power currently provides around 20% of the world's electricity, with France obtaining about 80% of its power from nuclear energy. The U.S. began developing civilian nuclear programs after World War 2 and the first nuclear reactor to produce usable electricity was the Experimental Breeder Reactor-1 in Idaho in 1951. However, growth in nuclear power stalled after accidents like Three Mile Island raised public safety concerns. Major challenges facing expanded nuclear power are cost, safety, nuclear proliferation, and long-term waste storage.
The Chernobyl nuclear disaster occurred on April 26, 1986 at the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant in Ukraine. During a planned maintenance shutdown, a power surge caused two explosions that destroyed the reactor and released radiation into the atmosphere. Over 300,000 people were evacuated and large areas of Ukraine, Belarus, and Russia became contaminated. While dozens died in the immediate aftermath, it is estimated that thousands more developed cancer years later due to radiation exposure. The disaster created a large exclusion zone and the reactor is now contained under a massive new sarcophagus, where it will remain radioactive for centuries.
Nuclear power plants harness energy from nuclear fission reactions that occur in the reactor core. Three key events in nuclear energy history include the Chernobyl disaster, the Three Mile Island incident, and ongoing challenges with long-term nuclear waste storage. Nuclear power produces no greenhouse gas emissions but faces safety risks and generates radioactive waste that remains dangerous for thousands of years. The future of nuclear power will depend on improved reactor designs and developing solutions for permanent waste isolation.
The Chernobyl nuclear disaster of 1986 was the worst nuclear power plant accident in history. On April 26, 1986, a reactor explosion at the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant in Ukraine released large amounts of radioactive material into the atmosphere. Over 100,000 people had to be evacuated and large areas became contaminated with radiation. Long term impacts included increased cancer rates, environmental contamination, and economic impacts due to agricultural and land restrictions.
Save Our Environment, Stop Nuclear Energy UsageSourish Jana
Spread this presentation by sharing to everyone so that the adverse effect of Nuclear Fission can be stopped otherwise the end of the days after tomorrow will come soon.
Nuclear power plant lecture slides, brief detail of its working principle and its advantages and disadvantages. history and its efficiency are also explaind.
The document discusses the Chernobyl disaster and its aftermath, including its political impacts and health effects. Over 400 million people across 20 countries were exposed to radiation from Chernobyl. It led to increased cancer rates and birth defects. The disaster also stimulated environmental opposition and nationalism in the affected countries. The Three Mile Island accident in the US is also discussed, noting the health impacts and deformities seen in local plants and animals. Risks associated with all parts of the nuclear fuel cycle and transportation of radioactive materials are outlined.
The document discusses the risks and controversies surrounding nuclear energy. It describes major nuclear accidents like Chernobyl and Three Mile Island and their health and environmental impacts. While nuclear energy has benefits like producing large amounts of emissions-free energy, it also produces highly radioactive waste that remains dangerous for extremely long periods, and the mining, enrichment and operations carry safety risks if not properly managed. The nuclear fuel cycle and waste disposal pose ongoing challenges due to the very long-lasting nature of nuclear radiation.
Nuclear power currently provides around 20% of the world's electricity, with France obtaining about 80% of its power from nuclear energy. The U.S. began developing civilian nuclear programs after World War 2 and the first nuclear reactor to produce usable electricity was the Experimental Breeder Reactor-1 in Idaho in 1951. However, growth in nuclear power stalled after accidents like Three Mile Island raised public safety concerns. Major challenges facing expanded nuclear power are cost, safety, nuclear proliferation, and long-term waste storage.
The Chernobyl nuclear disaster occurred on April 26, 1986 at the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant in Ukraine. During a planned maintenance shutdown, a power surge caused two explosions that destroyed the reactor and released radiation into the atmosphere. Over 300,000 people were evacuated and large areas of Ukraine, Belarus, and Russia became contaminated. While dozens died in the immediate aftermath, it is estimated that thousands more developed cancer years later due to radiation exposure. The disaster created a large exclusion zone and the reactor is now contained under a massive new sarcophagus, where it will remain radioactive for centuries.
Nuclear power plants harness energy from nuclear fission reactions that occur in the reactor core. Three key events in nuclear energy history include the Chernobyl disaster, the Three Mile Island incident, and ongoing challenges with long-term nuclear waste storage. Nuclear power produces no greenhouse gas emissions but faces safety risks and generates radioactive waste that remains dangerous for thousands of years. The future of nuclear power will depend on improved reactor designs and developing solutions for permanent waste isolation.
The Chernobyl nuclear disaster of 1986 was the worst nuclear power plant accident in history. On April 26, 1986, a reactor explosion at the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant in Ukraine released large amounts of radioactive material into the atmosphere. Over 100,000 people had to be evacuated and large areas became contaminated with radiation. Long term impacts included increased cancer rates, environmental contamination, and economic impacts due to agricultural and land restrictions.
Save Our Environment, Stop Nuclear Energy UsageSourish Jana
Spread this presentation by sharing to everyone so that the adverse effect of Nuclear Fission can be stopped otherwise the end of the days after tomorrow will come soon.
Nuclear power plant lecture slides, brief detail of its working principle and its advantages and disadvantages. history and its efficiency are also explaind.
This document provides information about different energy sources including fossil fuels, renewable sources, and nuclear power. It discusses how electricity is generated from various fuel sources like coal, natural gas, and nuclear power. Key statistics are given about energy consumption in different parts of the world and by different sectors like transportation and industry. Hazards of coal mining and air pollution from coal burning are described. The document also summarizes the history and process of nuclear power generation as well as some notable nuclear accidents like at Three Mile Island and Chernobyl.
The document discusses sources of environmental radiation including natural sources like radon and cosmic rays, which contribute most of average annual radiation exposure, as well as artificial sources from radioisotopes, accelerators, nuclear reactors, and atomic bomb explosions. It also examines nuclear weapons programs in countries like the US and Russia and their resulting radioactive waste legacies. Several nuclear radiation disasters are described like atomic bombings in Japan and the Chernobyl accident. Both benefits and risks of low-level radiation are discussed.
This document discusses nuclear accidents and radiation hazards. It begins with the historical background of nuclear fission and the Manhattan Project that developed the first nuclear bombs. It then describes the nuclear bomb explosions over Hiroshima and Nagasaki in 1945. The document further discusses nuclear arsenals and waste in countries like the US and Russia. It covers notable nuclear accidents at Chernobyl and Fukushima. The document also mentions natural sources of radiation and some purported health benefits of low-level radiation exposure.
This document discusses nuclear accidents and radiation hazards. It begins with the historical background of nuclear fission and the Manhattan Project that developed the first nuclear bombs. It then describes the nuclear bomb explosions over Hiroshima and Nagasaki in 1945. The document further discusses nuclear arsenals and waste in countries like the US and Russia. It covers notable nuclear accidents at Chernobyl and Fukushima. The document also mentions natural sources of radiation and some purported health benefits of low-level radiation exposure.
The Chernobyl nuclear power plant in Ukraine exploded in April 1986, releasing large amounts of radiation. Over 200,000 people were evacuated and many later died of radiation-related illnesses. The accident was caused by operators making errors during a test which caused reactions to spiral out of control. The explosions destroyed the plant and sent radioactive material into the atmosphere, contaminating areas in Ukraine, Belarus, Russia and beyond. The disaster resulted in widespread health and environmental impacts that continue to this day.
The document provides a history of nuclear energy, from discoveries in the late 19th century to modern use of nuclear power. It describes key events like the discovery of radioactivity and radiation, early experiments identifying nuclear fission, and the first controlled nuclear reaction. It then explains the basic process of how uranium is mined, enriched, and used as fuel in nuclear reactors to generate energy.
The Chernobyl disaster was a nuclear reactor accident that occurred on April 26, 1986 at the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant in Ukraine. It was the worst nuclear power plant disaster in history and released radioactive material into the atmosphere that spread over much of the western USSR and Europe. Over 300,000 people were evacuated from the contaminated areas in the aftermath. The disaster occurred when a reactor exploded during a safety test, which caused several explosions and a fire that released high levels of radiation and scattered radioactive debris over 2,000 square miles.
The Chernobyl nuclear disaster occurred on April 26, 1986 at the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant in Ukraine. During a safety test on reactor 4, a surge of power caused an explosion that blew the reactor apart and released massive amounts of radiation. Hundreds of thousands of people had to be evacuated and the area remains contaminated. The disaster highlighted issues with the Soviet response and lessons about safety culture, emergency preparedness, and open communication.
The document discusses the history of nuclear technology from its origins in nuclear weapons testing during World War 2 to more recent nuclear accidents and the ongoing issue of nuclear waste storage. It notes that the first nuclear test explosion was conducted at White Sands, New Mexico in 1945 and that the first atomic bombs dropped on Japan in 1945 ended World War 2. It also summarizes some of the key nuclear accidents that have occurred, such as at Three Mile Island, Chernobyl, and Fukushima.
The document discusses the history of nuclear technology from its origins in nuclear weapons testing during World War 2 to more recent nuclear accidents and the ongoing issue of nuclear waste storage. It notes that the first nuclear test explosion was conducted at White Sands, New Mexico in 1945 and that the first atomic bombs dropped on Japan in 1945 ended World War 2. It also summarizes some of the key nuclear accidents that have occurred, such as at Three Mile Island, Chernobyl, and Fukushima.
The document discusses various topics related to radioactivity including its sources, types of radiation emitted, units of radioactivity, applications in medicine, and examples of nuclear disasters. It provides background on radioactivity and its discovery. Key points include that radioactivity is the spontaneous emission of radiation from unstable atomic nuclei, the three main types of radiation are alpha, beta, and gamma, and applications of radioactivity include uses in medicine such as medical imaging and carbon dating. Nuclear disasters discussed include Chernobyl and Fukushima.
This document discusses radioactivity and its applications. It begins with an introduction to radioactivity, sources of radionuclides, and background radiation. It then discusses several applications of radioactivity including medical uses in diagnosis and treatment, food preservation, crop improvement, and space exploration. The document also summarizes several nuclear disasters and accidents involving radioactivity. It concludes with information on radiation dose limits and additional references.
1) Nuclear weapons have caused far more deaths than conventional weapons per use due to the immense heat and radiation they release. 2 nuclear bombs dropped on Japan in 1945 killed 200,000 people total. (2) Several countries currently possess nuclear weapons stockpiles ranging from a few dozen to thousands, including the US, Russia, UK, France, China, Israel, India, Pakistan and North Korea. (3) The technical knowledge and materials required to build nuclear weapons are challenging but not impossible for determined groups to acquire, raising concerns about nuclear terrorism.
The Chernobyl nuclear disaster of 1986 was the worst nuclear power plant accident in history. On April 26, 1986, a failed safety test at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant in Ukraine caused a massive explosion that released radiation 100 times more than the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki. Over 30 emergency workers died immediately from acute radiation sickness. Over the following decades, thousands more died from long-term health effects like cancer. The radiation fallout contaminated large areas of Ukraine, Belarus, Russia and beyond, forcing over 336,000 people to be permanently evacuated from the most affected areas near the plant. The disaster highlighted the risks of nuclear power and led to increased safety standards worldwide.
Nuclear reactors carry risks of accidents and radiation exposure that can harm human health and the environment. Major accidents like Chernobyl and Fukushima have caused widespread contamination and required large evacuations. While nuclear waste is small in volume compared to fossil fuels, it remains highly radioactive for extremely long periods and requires careful disposal. New reactor designs aim to reduce risks through passive safety systems and using alternative fuels like uranium-238 that produce less long-lived waste. Public education about radiation risks and emergency plans is also important to prevent overreaction during accidents.
This document provides an overview of various energy resources including fossil fuels, nuclear energy, solar, hydropower, wind, and biomass. It discusses what each energy resource is, how it is harnessed and used to generate electricity, its pros and cons, and whether it is renewable or non-renewable. Videos are embedded throughout to further explain the key energy concepts and technologies.
This chapter discusses nuclear energy, including the nature of nuclear reactions, history of nuclear power development, types of nuclear reactors, the nuclear fuel cycle, and concerns about nuclear power. It outlines the key components of nuclear fission reactors and how they generate electricity. It also summarizes the multi-step process that nuclear fuel undergoes from mining to disposal or reuse, and environmental and safety issues associated with nuclear power.
Redefining brain tumor segmentation: a cutting-edge convolutional neural netw...IJECEIAES
Medical image analysis has witnessed significant advancements with deep learning techniques. In the domain of brain tumor segmentation, the ability to
precisely delineate tumor boundaries from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
scans holds profound implications for diagnosis. This study presents an ensemble convolutional neural network (CNN) with transfer learning, integrating
the state-of-the-art Deeplabv3+ architecture with the ResNet18 backbone. The
model is rigorously trained and evaluated, exhibiting remarkable performance
metrics, including an impressive global accuracy of 99.286%, a high-class accuracy of 82.191%, a mean intersection over union (IoU) of 79.900%, a weighted
IoU of 98.620%, and a Boundary F1 (BF) score of 83.303%. Notably, a detailed comparative analysis with existing methods showcases the superiority of
our proposed model. These findings underscore the model’s competence in precise brain tumor localization, underscoring its potential to revolutionize medical
image analysis and enhance healthcare outcomes. This research paves the way
for future exploration and optimization of advanced CNN models in medical
imaging, emphasizing addressing false positives and resource efficiency.
Advanced control scheme of doubly fed induction generator for wind turbine us...IJECEIAES
This paper describes a speed control device for generating electrical energy on an electricity network based on the doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) used for wind power conversion systems. At first, a double-fed induction generator model was constructed. A control law is formulated to govern the flow of energy between the stator of a DFIG and the energy network using three types of controllers: proportional integral (PI), sliding mode controller (SMC) and second order sliding mode controller (SOSMC). Their different results in terms of power reference tracking, reaction to unexpected speed fluctuations, sensitivity to perturbations, and resilience against machine parameter alterations are compared. MATLAB/Simulink was used to conduct the simulations for the preceding study. Multiple simulations have shown very satisfying results, and the investigations demonstrate the efficacy and power-enhancing capabilities of the suggested control system.
This document provides information about different energy sources including fossil fuels, renewable sources, and nuclear power. It discusses how electricity is generated from various fuel sources like coal, natural gas, and nuclear power. Key statistics are given about energy consumption in different parts of the world and by different sectors like transportation and industry. Hazards of coal mining and air pollution from coal burning are described. The document also summarizes the history and process of nuclear power generation as well as some notable nuclear accidents like at Three Mile Island and Chernobyl.
The document discusses sources of environmental radiation including natural sources like radon and cosmic rays, which contribute most of average annual radiation exposure, as well as artificial sources from radioisotopes, accelerators, nuclear reactors, and atomic bomb explosions. It also examines nuclear weapons programs in countries like the US and Russia and their resulting radioactive waste legacies. Several nuclear radiation disasters are described like atomic bombings in Japan and the Chernobyl accident. Both benefits and risks of low-level radiation are discussed.
This document discusses nuclear accidents and radiation hazards. It begins with the historical background of nuclear fission and the Manhattan Project that developed the first nuclear bombs. It then describes the nuclear bomb explosions over Hiroshima and Nagasaki in 1945. The document further discusses nuclear arsenals and waste in countries like the US and Russia. It covers notable nuclear accidents at Chernobyl and Fukushima. The document also mentions natural sources of radiation and some purported health benefits of low-level radiation exposure.
This document discusses nuclear accidents and radiation hazards. It begins with the historical background of nuclear fission and the Manhattan Project that developed the first nuclear bombs. It then describes the nuclear bomb explosions over Hiroshima and Nagasaki in 1945. The document further discusses nuclear arsenals and waste in countries like the US and Russia. It covers notable nuclear accidents at Chernobyl and Fukushima. The document also mentions natural sources of radiation and some purported health benefits of low-level radiation exposure.
The Chernobyl nuclear power plant in Ukraine exploded in April 1986, releasing large amounts of radiation. Over 200,000 people were evacuated and many later died of radiation-related illnesses. The accident was caused by operators making errors during a test which caused reactions to spiral out of control. The explosions destroyed the plant and sent radioactive material into the atmosphere, contaminating areas in Ukraine, Belarus, Russia and beyond. The disaster resulted in widespread health and environmental impacts that continue to this day.
The document provides a history of nuclear energy, from discoveries in the late 19th century to modern use of nuclear power. It describes key events like the discovery of radioactivity and radiation, early experiments identifying nuclear fission, and the first controlled nuclear reaction. It then explains the basic process of how uranium is mined, enriched, and used as fuel in nuclear reactors to generate energy.
The Chernobyl disaster was a nuclear reactor accident that occurred on April 26, 1986 at the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant in Ukraine. It was the worst nuclear power plant disaster in history and released radioactive material into the atmosphere that spread over much of the western USSR and Europe. Over 300,000 people were evacuated from the contaminated areas in the aftermath. The disaster occurred when a reactor exploded during a safety test, which caused several explosions and a fire that released high levels of radiation and scattered radioactive debris over 2,000 square miles.
The Chernobyl nuclear disaster occurred on April 26, 1986 at the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant in Ukraine. During a safety test on reactor 4, a surge of power caused an explosion that blew the reactor apart and released massive amounts of radiation. Hundreds of thousands of people had to be evacuated and the area remains contaminated. The disaster highlighted issues with the Soviet response and lessons about safety culture, emergency preparedness, and open communication.
The document discusses the history of nuclear technology from its origins in nuclear weapons testing during World War 2 to more recent nuclear accidents and the ongoing issue of nuclear waste storage. It notes that the first nuclear test explosion was conducted at White Sands, New Mexico in 1945 and that the first atomic bombs dropped on Japan in 1945 ended World War 2. It also summarizes some of the key nuclear accidents that have occurred, such as at Three Mile Island, Chernobyl, and Fukushima.
The document discusses the history of nuclear technology from its origins in nuclear weapons testing during World War 2 to more recent nuclear accidents and the ongoing issue of nuclear waste storage. It notes that the first nuclear test explosion was conducted at White Sands, New Mexico in 1945 and that the first atomic bombs dropped on Japan in 1945 ended World War 2. It also summarizes some of the key nuclear accidents that have occurred, such as at Three Mile Island, Chernobyl, and Fukushima.
The document discusses various topics related to radioactivity including its sources, types of radiation emitted, units of radioactivity, applications in medicine, and examples of nuclear disasters. It provides background on radioactivity and its discovery. Key points include that radioactivity is the spontaneous emission of radiation from unstable atomic nuclei, the three main types of radiation are alpha, beta, and gamma, and applications of radioactivity include uses in medicine such as medical imaging and carbon dating. Nuclear disasters discussed include Chernobyl and Fukushima.
This document discusses radioactivity and its applications. It begins with an introduction to radioactivity, sources of radionuclides, and background radiation. It then discusses several applications of radioactivity including medical uses in diagnosis and treatment, food preservation, crop improvement, and space exploration. The document also summarizes several nuclear disasters and accidents involving radioactivity. It concludes with information on radiation dose limits and additional references.
1) Nuclear weapons have caused far more deaths than conventional weapons per use due to the immense heat and radiation they release. 2 nuclear bombs dropped on Japan in 1945 killed 200,000 people total. (2) Several countries currently possess nuclear weapons stockpiles ranging from a few dozen to thousands, including the US, Russia, UK, France, China, Israel, India, Pakistan and North Korea. (3) The technical knowledge and materials required to build nuclear weapons are challenging but not impossible for determined groups to acquire, raising concerns about nuclear terrorism.
The Chernobyl nuclear disaster of 1986 was the worst nuclear power plant accident in history. On April 26, 1986, a failed safety test at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant in Ukraine caused a massive explosion that released radiation 100 times more than the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki. Over 30 emergency workers died immediately from acute radiation sickness. Over the following decades, thousands more died from long-term health effects like cancer. The radiation fallout contaminated large areas of Ukraine, Belarus, Russia and beyond, forcing over 336,000 people to be permanently evacuated from the most affected areas near the plant. The disaster highlighted the risks of nuclear power and led to increased safety standards worldwide.
Nuclear reactors carry risks of accidents and radiation exposure that can harm human health and the environment. Major accidents like Chernobyl and Fukushima have caused widespread contamination and required large evacuations. While nuclear waste is small in volume compared to fossil fuels, it remains highly radioactive for extremely long periods and requires careful disposal. New reactor designs aim to reduce risks through passive safety systems and using alternative fuels like uranium-238 that produce less long-lived waste. Public education about radiation risks and emergency plans is also important to prevent overreaction during accidents.
This document provides an overview of various energy resources including fossil fuels, nuclear energy, solar, hydropower, wind, and biomass. It discusses what each energy resource is, how it is harnessed and used to generate electricity, its pros and cons, and whether it is renewable or non-renewable. Videos are embedded throughout to further explain the key energy concepts and technologies.
This chapter discusses nuclear energy, including the nature of nuclear reactions, history of nuclear power development, types of nuclear reactors, the nuclear fuel cycle, and concerns about nuclear power. It outlines the key components of nuclear fission reactors and how they generate electricity. It also summarizes the multi-step process that nuclear fuel undergoes from mining to disposal or reuse, and environmental and safety issues associated with nuclear power.
Redefining brain tumor segmentation: a cutting-edge convolutional neural netw...IJECEIAES
Medical image analysis has witnessed significant advancements with deep learning techniques. In the domain of brain tumor segmentation, the ability to
precisely delineate tumor boundaries from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
scans holds profound implications for diagnosis. This study presents an ensemble convolutional neural network (CNN) with transfer learning, integrating
the state-of-the-art Deeplabv3+ architecture with the ResNet18 backbone. The
model is rigorously trained and evaluated, exhibiting remarkable performance
metrics, including an impressive global accuracy of 99.286%, a high-class accuracy of 82.191%, a mean intersection over union (IoU) of 79.900%, a weighted
IoU of 98.620%, and a Boundary F1 (BF) score of 83.303%. Notably, a detailed comparative analysis with existing methods showcases the superiority of
our proposed model. These findings underscore the model’s competence in precise brain tumor localization, underscoring its potential to revolutionize medical
image analysis and enhance healthcare outcomes. This research paves the way
for future exploration and optimization of advanced CNN models in medical
imaging, emphasizing addressing false positives and resource efficiency.
Advanced control scheme of doubly fed induction generator for wind turbine us...IJECEIAES
This paper describes a speed control device for generating electrical energy on an electricity network based on the doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) used for wind power conversion systems. At first, a double-fed induction generator model was constructed. A control law is formulated to govern the flow of energy between the stator of a DFIG and the energy network using three types of controllers: proportional integral (PI), sliding mode controller (SMC) and second order sliding mode controller (SOSMC). Their different results in terms of power reference tracking, reaction to unexpected speed fluctuations, sensitivity to perturbations, and resilience against machine parameter alterations are compared. MATLAB/Simulink was used to conduct the simulations for the preceding study. Multiple simulations have shown very satisfying results, and the investigations demonstrate the efficacy and power-enhancing capabilities of the suggested control system.
VARIABLE FREQUENCY DRIVE. VFDs are widely used in industrial applications for...PIMR BHOPAL
Variable frequency drive .A Variable Frequency Drive (VFD) is an electronic device used to control the speed and torque of an electric motor by varying the frequency and voltage of its power supply. VFDs are widely used in industrial applications for motor control, providing significant energy savings and precise motor operation.
Gas agency management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
The project entitled "Gas Agency" is done to make the manual process easier by making it a computerized system for billing and maintaining stock. The Gas Agencies get the order request through phone calls or by personal from their customers and deliver the gas cylinders to their address based on their demand and previous delivery date. This process is made computerized and the customer's name, address and stock details are stored in a database. Based on this the billing for a customer is made simple and easier, since a customer order for gas can be accepted only after completing a certain period from the previous delivery. This can be calculated and billed easily through this. There are two types of delivery like domestic purpose use delivery and commercial purpose use delivery. The bill rate and capacity differs for both. This can be easily maintained and charged accordingly.
Software Engineering and Project Management - Introduction, Modeling Concepts...Prakhyath Rai
Introduction, Modeling Concepts and Class Modeling: What is Object orientation? What is OO development? OO Themes; Evidence for usefulness of OO development; OO modeling history. Modeling
as Design technique: Modeling, abstraction, The Three models. Class Modeling: Object and Class Concept, Link and associations concepts, Generalization and Inheritance, A sample class model, Navigation of class models, and UML diagrams
Building the Analysis Models: Requirement Analysis, Analysis Model Approaches, Data modeling Concepts, Object Oriented Analysis, Scenario-Based Modeling, Flow-Oriented Modeling, class Based Modeling, Creating a Behavioral Model.
Design and optimization of ion propulsion dronebjmsejournal
Electric propulsion technology is widely used in many kinds of vehicles in recent years, and aircrafts are no exception. Technically, UAVs are electrically propelled but tend to produce a significant amount of noise and vibrations. Ion propulsion technology for drones is a potential solution to this problem. Ion propulsion technology is proven to be feasible in the earth’s atmosphere. The study presented in this article shows the design of EHD thrusters and power supply for ion propulsion drones along with performance optimization of high-voltage power supply for endurance in earth’s atmosphere.
Use PyCharm for remote debugging of WSL on a Windo cf5c162d672e4e58b4dde5d797...shadow0702a
This document serves as a comprehensive step-by-step guide on how to effectively use PyCharm for remote debugging of the Windows Subsystem for Linux (WSL) on a local Windows machine. It meticulously outlines several critical steps in the process, starting with the crucial task of enabling permissions, followed by the installation and configuration of WSL.
The guide then proceeds to explain how to set up the SSH service within the WSL environment, an integral part of the process. Alongside this, it also provides detailed instructions on how to modify the inbound rules of the Windows firewall to facilitate the process, ensuring that there are no connectivity issues that could potentially hinder the debugging process.
The document further emphasizes on the importance of checking the connection between the Windows and WSL environments, providing instructions on how to ensure that the connection is optimal and ready for remote debugging.
It also offers an in-depth guide on how to configure the WSL interpreter and files within the PyCharm environment. This is essential for ensuring that the debugging process is set up correctly and that the program can be run effectively within the WSL terminal.
Additionally, the document provides guidance on how to set up breakpoints for debugging, a fundamental aspect of the debugging process which allows the developer to stop the execution of their code at certain points and inspect their program at those stages.
Finally, the document concludes by providing a link to a reference blog. This blog offers additional information and guidance on configuring the remote Python interpreter in PyCharm, providing the reader with a well-rounded understanding of the process.
DEEP LEARNING FOR SMART GRID INTRUSION DETECTION: A HYBRID CNN-LSTM-BASED MODELijaia
As digital technology becomes more deeply embedded in power systems, protecting the communication
networks of Smart Grids (SG) has emerged as a critical concern. Distributed Network Protocol 3 (DNP3)
represents a multi-tiered application layer protocol extensively utilized in Supervisory Control and Data
Acquisition (SCADA)-based smart grids to facilitate real-time data gathering and control functionalities.
Robust Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) are necessary for early threat detection and mitigation because
of the interconnection of these networks, which makes them vulnerable to a variety of cyberattacks. To
solve this issue, this paper develops a hybrid Deep Learning (DL) model specifically designed for intrusion
detection in smart grids. The proposed approach is a combination of the Convolutional Neural Network
(CNN) and the Long-Short-Term Memory algorithms (LSTM). We employed a recent intrusion detection
dataset (DNP3), which focuses on unauthorized commands and Denial of Service (DoS) cyberattacks, to
train and test our model. The results of our experiments show that our CNN-LSTM method is much better
at finding smart grid intrusions than other deep learning algorithms used for classification. In addition,
our proposed approach improves accuracy, precision, recall, and F1 score, achieving a high detection
accuracy rate of 99.50%.
Embedded machine learning-based road conditions and driving behavior monitoringIJECEIAES
Car accident rates have increased in recent years, resulting in losses in human lives, properties, and other financial costs. An embedded machine learning-based system is developed to address this critical issue. The system can monitor road conditions, detect driving patterns, and identify aggressive driving behaviors. The system is based on neural networks trained on a comprehensive dataset of driving events, driving styles, and road conditions. The system effectively detects potential risks and helps mitigate the frequency and impact of accidents. The primary goal is to ensure the safety of drivers and vehicles. Collecting data involved gathering information on three key road events: normal street and normal drive, speed bumps, circular yellow speed bumps, and three aggressive driving actions: sudden start, sudden stop, and sudden entry. The gathered data is processed and analyzed using a machine learning system designed for limited power and memory devices. The developed system resulted in 91.9% accuracy, 93.6% precision, and 92% recall. The achieved inference time on an Arduino Nano 33 BLE Sense with a 32-bit CPU running at 64 MHz is 34 ms and requires 2.6 kB peak RAM and 139.9 kB program flash memory, making it suitable for resource-constrained embedded systems.
Software Engineering and Project Management - Software Testing + Agile Method...Prakhyath Rai
Software Testing: A Strategic Approach to Software Testing, Strategic Issues, Test Strategies for Conventional Software, Test Strategies for Object -Oriented Software, Validation Testing, System Testing, The Art of Debugging.
Agile Methodology: Before Agile – Waterfall, Agile Development.
Comparative analysis between traditional aquaponics and reconstructed aquapon...bijceesjournal
The aquaponic system of planting is a method that does not require soil usage. It is a method that only needs water, fish, lava rocks (a substitute for soil), and plants. Aquaponic systems are sustainable and environmentally friendly. Its use not only helps to plant in small spaces but also helps reduce artificial chemical use and minimizes excess water use, as aquaponics consumes 90% less water than soil-based gardening. The study applied a descriptive and experimental design to assess and compare conventional and reconstructed aquaponic methods for reproducing tomatoes. The researchers created an observation checklist to determine the significant factors of the study. The study aims to determine the significant difference between traditional aquaponics and reconstructed aquaponics systems propagating tomatoes in terms of height, weight, girth, and number of fruits. The reconstructed aquaponics system’s higher growth yield results in a much more nourished crop than the traditional aquaponics system. It is superior in its number of fruits, height, weight, and girth measurement. Moreover, the reconstructed aquaponics system is proven to eliminate all the hindrances present in the traditional aquaponics system, which are overcrowding of fish, algae growth, pest problems, contaminated water, and dead fish.
Optimizing Gradle Builds - Gradle DPE Tour Berlin 2024Sinan KOZAK
Sinan from the Delivery Hero mobile infrastructure engineering team shares a deep dive into performance acceleration with Gradle build cache optimizations. Sinan shares their journey into solving complex build-cache problems that affect Gradle builds. By understanding the challenges and solutions found in our journey, we aim to demonstrate the possibilities for faster builds. The case study reveals how overlapping outputs and cache misconfigurations led to significant increases in build times, especially as the project scaled up with numerous modules using Paparazzi tests. The journey from diagnosing to defeating cache issues offers invaluable lessons on maintaining cache integrity without sacrificing functionality.
5. Chernobyl’s political fallout
• Stimulated Gorbachev’s glasnost (openness)
• Stimulated nationalism in Ukraine, Belarus, and
other republics that lost clean-up workers.
• Growth of environmental opposition
• Questioning of the heart of technocratic power
– Soviet leaders were engineers, not lawyers
– USSR collapsed within 5 years.
6. Radiation and Health
• Health effects as a result of radiation exposure:
-increased likelihood of cancer
-birth defects including long limbs, brain
damage, conjoined stillborn twins
-reduced immunity
-genetic damage
15. “It Can’t Happen Here”
• U.S. reaction to Chernobyl, 1986
– Blamed on Communism, graphite reactor
• Also Soviet reaction to Three-Mile Island, 1979
– Blamed on Capitalism, pressurized-water reactor
• No technology 100% safe
– Three-Mile Island bubble almost burst
18. Health around TMI
• In 1979, hundreds of people reported nausea,
vomiting, hair loss, and skin rashes. Many pets
were reported dead or showed signs of radiation
• Lung cancer, and leukemia rates increased 2 to 10
times in areas within 10 miles downwind
• Farmers received severe monetary losses due to
deformities in livestock and crops after the
disaster that are still occurring today.
19. Plants
near TMI
-lack of chlorophyll
-deformed leaf patterns
-thick, flat, hollow stems
-missing reproductive parts
-abnormally large
TMI dandelion leaf at right
20. Animals Nearby TMI
• Many insects
disappeared for years.
– Bumble bees,
carpenter bees, certain
type caterpillars, or
daddy-long-leg spiders
– Pheasants and hop
toads have
disappeared.
21. Nuclear reaction
• Chain reaction occurs when a Uranium
atom splits
• Different reactions
– Atomic Bomb in a split second
– Nuclear Power Reactor more controlled, cannot
explode like a bomb
22. History of nuclear power
1938– Scientists study Uranium nucleus
1941 – Manhattan Project begins
1942 – Controlled nuclear chain reaction
1945 – U.S. uses two atomic bombs on Japan
1949 – Soviets develop atomic bomb
1952 – U.S. tests hydrogen bomb
1955 – First U.S. nuclear submarine
23. “Atoms for Peace”
Program to justify nuclear technology
Proposals for power, canal-building, exports
First commercial power plant, Illinois 1960
24. • The energy in one pound of highly enriched
Uranium is comparable to that of one
million gallons of gasoline.
• One million times as much energy in one
pound of Uranium as in one pound of coal.
Economic advantages
25. Emissions Free
• Nuclear energy annually prevents
– 5.1 million tons of sulfur
– 2.4 million tons of nitrogen oxide
– 164 metric tons of carbon
• Nuclear often pitted against fossil fuels
– Some coal contains radioactivity
– Nuclear plants have released low-level radiation
26. Early knowledge of risks
• 1964 Atomic Energy Commission report
on possible reactor accident
– 45,000 dead
– 100,000 injured
– $17 billion in damages
– Area the size of Pennsylvania contaminated
28. Nuclear power around the globe
• 17% of world’s electricity from nuclear power
– U.S. about 20% (2nd largest source)
• 431 nuclear plants in 31 countries
– 103 of them in the U.S.
– Built none since 1970s (Wisconsin as leader).
– U.S. firms have exported nukes.
– Push from Bush/Cheney for new nukes.
29. Countries Generating Most Nuclear Power
Country Total MW
USA 99,784
France 58,493
Japan 38,875
Germany 22,657
Russia 19,843
Canada 15,755
Ukraine 12,679
United Kingdom 11,720
Sweden 10,002
South Korea 8,170
30.
31.
32. Nuclear fuel cycle
• Uranium mining and milling
• Conversion and enrichment
• Fuel rod fabrication
• POWER REACTOR
• Reprocessing, or
• Radioactive waste disposal
– Low-level in commercial facilities
– High level at plants or underground repository
35. Uranium enrichment
• U-235
– Fissionable at 3%
– Weapons grade at 90%
• U-238
– More stable
• Plutonium-239
– Created from U-238; highly radioactive
36. Radioactivity of plutonium
Life span of least
240,000 years
Last Ice Age glaciation
was 10,000 years ago
Neanderthal Man died out
30,000 years ago
37. • Largest industrial users of water, electricity
– Paducah, KY, Oak Ridge, TN, Portsmouth, OH
• Cancers and leukemia among workers
– Fires and mass exposure.
– Karen Silkwood at Oklahoma fabrication plant.
• Risk of theft of bomb material.
Risks of enrichment
and fuel fabrication
38.
39. Nuclear Reactor Process
• 3% enriched Uranium pellets formed into
rods, which are formed into bundles
• Bundles submerged in water coolant inside
pressure vessel, with control rods.
• Bundles must be SUPERCRITICAL; will
overheat and melt if no control rods.
Reaction converts water to steam, which
powers steam turbine
41. Other reactor accidents
(besides TMI and Chernobyl)
• 1952 Chalk River, Ontario
– Partial core meltdown
• 1957 Windscale, England
– Graphite reactor fire contaminates 200 square miles.
• 1975 Browns Ferry, Alabama
– Plant caught fire
• 1976 Lubmin, East Germany
– Near meltdown of reactor core .
• 1999 Tokaimura, Japan
– Nuclear fuel plant spewed high levels of radioactive gas
45. Nuclear Reactor Structure
• Reactor’s pressure vessel
typically housed in 8” of steel
• 36” concrete shielding
• 45” steel reinforced concrete
46.
47. Breeder reactor
“Breeds” plutonium as it operates
Uses liquid sodium metal instead of water for coolant
– Could explode if in contact with air or water
• 1966 Fermi, Michigan
– Partial meltdown nearly causes evacuation of Detroit
• 1973 Shevchenko, Russia
– Breeder caught fire and exploded
• Controversial proposals in Europe, U.S.
48.
49. Reprocessing
• Separates reusable fuel from waste
– Large amounts of radioactivity released
• 1960s West Valley, NY
– Radiation leaked into Lake Ontario
• 1970s La Hague, France
– Released plutonium plumes into air
50. Back end: Radioactive wastes
• Low-level wastes in commercial facilities
• Spent fuel in pools or “dry casks” by plants
• Nuclear lab wastes
– Hanford wastes leaked radiation into Columbia River
• High-level underground repository
– Yucca Mountain in Nevada to 2037
– Wolf River Batholith in Wisconsin after 2037?
– Risks of cracks in bedrock, water seepage
55. Kyshtym waste
disaster, 1957
– Explosion at Soviet weapons factory forces evacuation
of over 10,000 people in Ural Mts.
– Area size of Rhode Island still uninhabited; thousands
of cancers reported
Orphans
56.
57. Radioactive Waste Recycling
• Disposal of radioactive waste from nuclear power
plants and weapons facilities by recycling it into
household products.
• In 1996, 15,000 tons of metal were received by the
Association of Radioactive Metal Recyclers .
Much was recycled into products without
consumer knowledge.
• Depleted Uranium munitions for military.
58. • Nuclear energy has no typical pollutants or
greenhouse gasses
• Nuclear waste contains high levels of radioactive
waste, which are active for hundreds of thousands
of years.
• The controversy around nuclear energy stems
from all parts of the nuclear chain.
Summary
65. Los Alamos Nuclear Labs, New Mexico
Fires in 2000 endangered
Los Alamos, Hanford
66. Atomic bombing of Japan
220,000 died at
Hiroshima and
Nagasaki
280,000 more
exposed to
Radiation
(Hibakusha)
67. Nuclear Club
Original: U.S., Russia, Britain, France, China
Spread since 1970s: Israel, India, Pakistan, North Korea
Disarmed in 1990s: Ukraine, Belarus, Kazakhstan, South Africa
77. French tests in Polynesia
French bombing of
Greenpeace ship in
New Zealand, 1985
Also in Algeria in 1950s
78. Chinese nuclear tests in Xinjiang
In Muslim Uigur minority region after 1964
1996 Comprehensive
Nuclear Test Ban signed;
but some small tests continue
81. Military nuclear accidents
• “Broken arrow”
• Lost nuclear weapons: 43+ Soviet, 7 U.S.
– Plane crashes, sub sinkings, silo explosions
– Some scattered radiation
• Lost submarine reactors: 6 Soviet, 2 U.S.
82. Nuclear plants as targets of war
Israel bombs Iraq’s Osirak
reactor construction, 1981.
Iraq launches missile at
Israel’s Dimona nuclear
laboratory, 1991.
U.S. bombs Iraqi
operating reactors, 1991
Reactors as possible
terrorist targets?
83.
84. Kyshtym waste
disaster, 1957
– Explosion at Soviet weapons factory forces
evacuation of over 10,000 people in Ural Mts.
– Area size of Rhode Island still uninhabited;
thousands of cancers reported
Orphans
85. Websites
Military Toxics Project
www.miltoxproj.org
Center for Defense Information
www.cdi.org
Council for a Livable World
www.clw.org
U.S. military environmental agencies
http://aec.army.mil
http://enviro.navy.mil
http://www.af.mil/environment
Gulf War Veterans Resource Links
http://www.spidersmill.com/gwvrl
Chemical Weapons Working Group
www.cwwg.org