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Nuclear equations
- 1.
- 2. Nuclear reactionsare different from chemical reactions Nuclear Reactions vs Chemical Reactions Chemical Reactions Mass is conserved (doesn’t change) Small energy changes No changes in the nuclei; involve ONLY valance electrons Nuclear Reactions Small changes in mass Huge energy changes protons, neutrons, electrons and gamma rays can be lost or gained
- 3. Particles Involved inNuclear Equations Common name Symbol Helium-4 nucleus alpha particle a, 2 4 𝐻𝑒 electron beta particle β-, −1 0 𝛽, e- positron β+, +1 0 𝛽, e+ proton p, 1 1 𝑝, 1 1 𝐻 neutron n, 0 1 𝑛 photon gamma ray γ
- 4. Balancing Nuclear Equations The sums of mass numbers (left superscripts) on each side must be equal. The sums of atomic numbers or nuclear charges (left subscripts) on each side of the equation must be equal. Examples: 92 238 𝑼 2 4 𝑯𝒆 + 90 234 𝑻𝒉 82 214 𝑷𝒃 −1 0 𝜷 + 83 214 𝑩𝒊 Charges are not included in nuclear equations except to distinguish between the two types of b particles
- 5. Balancing Nuclear Equations 1.217At 213Bi + ? 2. 231Th −1 0 𝛽 + ? 3. 208Tl −1 0 𝛽 + ?
- 6. Balancing Nuclear Equations 1.85 217 𝐀𝐭 83 213 𝐁𝐢 + 2 4 𝐇𝐞 2. 90 231 𝐓𝐡 −1 0 𝛽 + 91 231 𝐏𝐚 3. 81 208 𝐓𝐥 −1 0 𝛽 + 82 208 𝐏𝐛