This document provides an overview and tutorial on using the ns-2 network simulator. It covers the basics of ns-2 including its architecture, using OTcl and C++, event-driven simulation, tracing packets, creating network topologies, inserting errors, setting up routing, creating connections using TCP and applications, and visualizing simulations using Nam. The tutorial aims to help users understand the basic concepts of ns-2, set up their own network topologies and simulations, add traffic, run simulations, and use visualization tools.
NS2 - the network simulator which is proved useful in studying the dynamic nature of communication networks. Simulation of wired as well as wireless network functions and protocols( e.g. routing algorithms, TCP, UDP ) can be done using NS2
Presentation by Mr. Vibin Chander, CEO, Shabari Software Solutions, CBE during the Faculty development Programm on NS2 organized by Department of Computer Science, Rathinam College of Arts and Computer Science (Autonomous), Eachanari, Coimbatore - 641021.
Network simulator 2 :
Object-oriented, discrete event driven network simulator
It was normally used in wired & wireless protocol
Written in C++ and OTcl
NS2 - the network simulator which is proved useful in studying the dynamic nature of communication networks. Simulation of wired as well as wireless network functions and protocols( e.g. routing algorithms, TCP, UDP ) can be done using NS2
Presentation by Mr. Vibin Chander, CEO, Shabari Software Solutions, CBE during the Faculty development Programm on NS2 organized by Department of Computer Science, Rathinam College of Arts and Computer Science (Autonomous), Eachanari, Coimbatore - 641021.
Network simulator 2 :
Object-oriented, discrete event driven network simulator
It was normally used in wired & wireless protocol
Written in C++ and OTcl
Presentation of Mr.Vibin Chander, CEO, Shabari Software Solutions, CBE. Delivered during the Faculty development Program on NS2 organized by Department of Computer Science, Rathinam College of Arts and Science (Autonomous), Eachanari, Coimbatore - 641021.
Один из основных мотивов добавления в Java 8 лямбда-выражений — упростить написание многопоточных программ. На примере несложной вычислительной задачи я покажу эволюцию средств Java для многопоточности. Начнём с Java Threads, а закончим лямбда-выражениями и Stream API. Ну и в результате посмотрим, что и как вышло.
Один из основных мотивов добавления в Java 8 лямбда-выражений — упростить написание многопоточных программ. На примере несложной вычислительной задачи я покажу эволюцию средств Java для многопоточности. Начнём с Java Threads, а закончим лямбда-выражениями и Stream API. Ну и в результате посмотрим, что и как вышло.
Presentation of Mr.Vibin Chander, CEO, Shabari Software Solutions, CBE. Delivered during the Faculty development Program on NS2 organized by Department of Computer Science, Rathinam College of Arts and Science (Autonomous), Eachanari, Coimbatore - 641021.
Один из основных мотивов добавления в Java 8 лямбда-выражений — упростить написание многопоточных программ. На примере несложной вычислительной задачи я покажу эволюцию средств Java для многопоточности. Начнём с Java Threads, а закончим лямбда-выражениями и Stream API. Ну и в результате посмотрим, что и как вышло.
Один из основных мотивов добавления в Java 8 лямбда-выражений — упростить написание многопоточных программ. На примере несложной вычислительной задачи я покажу эволюцию средств Java для многопоточности. Начнём с Java Threads, а закончим лямбда-выражениями и Stream API. Ну и в результате посмотрим, что и как вышло.
E2MATRIX Provide industrial training for all those students who want to learn software languages and methodology. We have all types of training programs as per the requirements of students. Our 6 Months Industrial Training Program is especially for last semester students of MCA, B. Tech., BE, M.sc, B.sc. Diploma etc. Students will work on LIVE PROJECTS during their 6 months industrial training. So why just go to any institute for training if you have an opportunity to learn from IT experts.
Network simulator 2 :
Object-oriented, discrete event driven network simulator
It was normally used in wired & wireless protocol
Written in C++ and OTcl
Training Slides: 153 - Working with the CLIContinuent
Watch this 55min training session to learn about the main command line tools you’ll be using when working with Tungsten Replicator.
TOPICS COVERED
- Re-cap the previous Installation
- Explore the main Command Line Tools
- tpm
- trepctl
- thl
GDG Cloud Southlake #33: Boule & Rebala: Effective AppSec in SDLC using Deplo...James Anderson
Effective Application Security in Software Delivery lifecycle using Deployment Firewall and DBOM
The modern software delivery process (or the CI/CD process) includes many tools, distributed teams, open-source code, and cloud platforms. Constant focus on speed to release software to market, along with the traditional slow and manual security checks has caused gaps in continuous security as an important piece in the software supply chain. Today organizations feel more susceptible to external and internal cyber threats due to the vast attack surface in their applications supply chain and the lack of end-to-end governance and risk management.
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Speakers:
Bob Boule
Robert Boule is a technology enthusiast with PASSION for technology and making things work along with a knack for helping others understand how things work. He comes with around 20 years of solution engineering experience in application security, software continuous delivery, and SaaS platforms. He is known for his dynamic presentations in CI/CD and application security integrated in software delivery lifecycle.
Gopinath Rebala
Gopinath Rebala is the CTO of OpsMx, where he has overall responsibility for the machine learning and data processing architectures for Secure Software Delivery. Gopi also has a strong connection with our customers, leading design and architecture for strategic implementations. Gopi is a frequent speaker and well-known leader in continuous delivery and integrating security into software delivery.
PHP Frameworks: I want to break free (IPC Berlin 2024)Ralf Eggert
In this presentation, we examine the challenges and limitations of relying too heavily on PHP frameworks in web development. We discuss the history of PHP and its frameworks to understand how this dependence has evolved. The focus will be on providing concrete tips and strategies to reduce reliance on these frameworks, based on real-world examples and practical considerations. The goal is to equip developers with the skills and knowledge to create more flexible and future-proof web applications. We'll explore the importance of maintaining autonomy in a rapidly changing tech landscape and how to make informed decisions in PHP development.
This talk is aimed at encouraging a more independent approach to using PHP frameworks, moving towards a more flexible and future-proof approach to PHP development.
Transcript: Selling digital books in 2024: Insights from industry leaders - T...BookNet Canada
The publishing industry has been selling digital audiobooks and ebooks for over a decade and has found its groove. What’s changed? What has stayed the same? Where do we go from here? Join a group of leading sales peers from across the industry for a conversation about the lessons learned since the popularization of digital books, best practices, digital book supply chain management, and more.
Link to video recording: https://bnctechforum.ca/sessions/selling-digital-books-in-2024-insights-from-industry-leaders/
Presented by BookNet Canada on May 28, 2024, with support from the Department of Canadian Heritage.
Essentials of Automations: Optimizing FME Workflows with ParametersSafe Software
Are you looking to streamline your workflows and boost your projects’ efficiency? Do you find yourself searching for ways to add flexibility and control over your FME workflows? If so, you’re in the right place.
Join us for an insightful dive into the world of FME parameters, a critical element in optimizing workflow efficiency. This webinar marks the beginning of our three-part “Essentials of Automation” series. This first webinar is designed to equip you with the knowledge and skills to utilize parameters effectively: enhancing the flexibility, maintainability, and user control of your FME projects.
Here’s what you’ll gain:
- Essentials of FME Parameters: Understand the pivotal role of parameters, including Reader/Writer, Transformer, User, and FME Flow categories. Discover how they are the key to unlocking automation and optimization within your workflows.
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- Optimization Strategies in FME Flow: Explore the creation and strategic deployment of parameters in FME Flow, including the use of deployment and geometry parameters, to maximize workflow efficiency.
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We’ll wrap up with a glimpse into future webinars, followed by a Q&A session to address your specific questions surrounding this topic.
Don’t miss this opportunity to elevate your FME expertise and drive your projects to new heights of efficiency.
SAP Sapphire 2024 - ASUG301 building better apps with SAP Fiori.pdfPeter Spielvogel
Building better applications for business users with SAP Fiori.
• What is SAP Fiori and why it matters to you
• How a better user experience drives measurable business benefits
• How to get started with SAP Fiori today
• How SAP Fiori elements accelerates application development
• How SAP Build Code includes SAP Fiori tools and other generative artificial intelligence capabilities
• How SAP Fiori paves the way for using AI in SAP apps
A tale of scale & speed: How the US Navy is enabling software delivery from l...sonjaschweigert1
Rapid and secure feature delivery is a goal across every application team and every branch of the DoD. The Navy’s DevSecOps platform, Party Barge, has achieved:
- Reduction in onboarding time from 5 weeks to 1 day
- Improved developer experience and productivity through actionable findings and reduction of false positives
- Maintenance of superior security standards and inherent policy enforcement with Authorization to Operate (ATO)
Development teams can ship efficiently and ensure applications are cyber ready for Navy Authorizing Officials (AOs). In this webinar, Sigma Defense and Anchore will give attendees a look behind the scenes and demo secure pipeline automation and security artifacts that speed up application ATO and time to production.
We will cover:
- How to remove silos in DevSecOps
- How to build efficient development pipeline roles and component templates
- How to deliver security artifacts that matter for ATO’s (SBOMs, vulnerability reports, and policy evidence)
- How to streamline operations with automated policy checks on container images
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 4DianaGray10
Welcome to UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series part 4. In this session, we will cover Test Manager overview along with SAP heatmap.
The UiPath Test Manager overview with SAP heatmap webinar offers a concise yet comprehensive exploration of the role of a Test Manager within SAP environments, coupled with the utilization of heatmaps for effective testing strategies.
Participants will gain insights into the responsibilities, challenges, and best practices associated with test management in SAP projects. Additionally, the webinar delves into the significance of heatmaps as a visual aid for identifying testing priorities, areas of risk, and resource allocation within SAP landscapes. Through this session, attendees can expect to enhance their understanding of test management principles while learning practical approaches to optimize testing processes in SAP environments using heatmap visualization techniques
What will you get from this session?
1. Insights into SAP testing best practices
2. Heatmap utilization for testing
3. Optimization of testing processes
4. Demo
Topics covered:
Execution from the test manager
Orchestrator execution result
Defect reporting
SAP heatmap example with demo
Speaker:
Deepak Rai, Automation Practice Lead, Boundaryless Group and UiPath MVP
Welocme to ViralQR, your best QR code generator.ViralQR
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Securing your Kubernetes cluster_ a step-by-step guide to success !KatiaHIMEUR1
Today, after several years of existence, an extremely active community and an ultra-dynamic ecosystem, Kubernetes has established itself as the de facto standard in container orchestration. Thanks to a wide range of managed services, it has never been so easy to set up a ready-to-use Kubernetes cluster.
However, this ease of use means that the subject of security in Kubernetes is often left for later, or even neglected. This exposes companies to significant risks.
In this talk, I'll show you step-by-step how to secure your Kubernetes cluster for greater peace of mind and reliability.
2. Tutorial Outline
Part I
NS fundamentals
Wired world
Walk-thru an example NS script
Part II
Visualization tools & other utilities
Help and references
Outcome of this tutorial
You know the concept of ns2
You are able to set-up a network topology on your own (with nam-
editor)
You are able to add traffic like ftp/telnet or cbr to your simulation
You are able to start the ns and the nam.
You understand the ns-script code generated by nam-editor
3. What Is NS?
Started as REAL in 1989
Discrete event, packet level simulator
Written in C++ with Otcl front-end
Wired, wireless and emulation modes
Link layer and up for most wired
Additional lower layers for wireless
4. Platforms
Most UNIX and UNIX-like systems
Linux
FreeBSD
SunOS/Solaris
HP/SGI (with some tweaking)
Windows 95/98/NT/ME/2000/XP
Best based on cygwin
Tips on build available
However validation tests don’t work
5. ns Architecture
Object-oriented (C++ and Otcl)
C++ for “data”
Per packet action
Algorithms over large data sets, per packet handling in
C++
OTcl for control
Configuration, “one-time” task
Fast to run, quick to re-configure
Fine grained object composition
+ Compromise between composibility and speed
– Learning and debugging
6. OTcl and C++: The Duality
Pure C++ Pure OTcl
objects objects
C++/OTcl split objects
C++ OTcl
ns
7. Basic tcl
set a 43
set b 27
proc test { a b } {
set c [expr $a + $b]
set d [expr [expr $a - $b] * $c]
for {set k 0} {$k < 10} {incr k} {
if {$k < 5} {
puts “k < 5, pow = [expr pow($d, $k)]”
} else {
puts “k >= 5, mod = [expr $d % $k]”
}
}
}
To invoke tclshell, type “tclsh”; To exit the shell type “exit”
8. Basic OTcl
set mom [new Mom]
$mom set age_ 45
Class Mom
set kid [new Kid]
Mom instproc greet {} {
$kid set age_ 15
$self instvar age_
puts “$age_ years old
mom: How are you doing?” $mom greet
} $kid greet
Class Kid -superclass Mom
Kid instproc greet {} {
$self instvar age_
puts “$age_ years old
kid: What’s up, dude?”
}
To invoke otclshell, type “otclsh”;
To exit the shell type “exit”; to
run this example type “ns”
(otherwise new will not work!!!)
9. Hello World - Interactive Mode
sunray01>ns
% set ns [new Simulator]
_o3
% $ns at 1 “puts “Hello World!””
1
% $ns at 1.5 “exit”
2
% $ns run
Hello World!
sunray01>
10. Hello World - Batch Mode
simple.tcl
set ns [new Simulator]
$ns at 1 “puts “Hello World!””
$ns at 1.5 “exit”
$ns run
sunray01> ns simple.tcl
Hello World!
sunray01>
11. Event Driven Simulation
Scheduler – main controller of events
Scheduler clock - simulator virtual time
[$ns_ now] returns the current simulator time
Event queue - holds events in the order of their firing times
Events have a firing time and a handler function
Two types of events possible – packets and “at-events”
13. Elements of Ns-2
Create the event scheduler
[Turn on tracing]
Create network
Setup routing
[Insert errors]
Create transport connection
Create traffic
14. Are you Confused?
Before getting into even more Details let‘s practice
a bit
Login with your account name
Open a shell; create subdirectory „ns-test“ and
move there
Type quot;nam "
15. Example
Create the following topology
n0 n1
Attach a TCP Agent and a TCPSink and connect an
ftp application on top of TCP
Save the simulation as „ftpexample.ns“
Run the simulation
Start the vizualization tool
20. Example Output and ns script
n0 n1
set ns [new Simulator]
set n0 [$ns node] set ftp [new Application/FTP]
set n1 [$ns node] $ftp attach-agent $tcp
$ns at 0.2 quot;$ftp startquot;
$ns at 1.2 ”exitquot;
$ns duplex-link $n0 $n1 1.5Mb $ns run
10ms DropTail
set tcp [$ns create-connection TCP
$n0 TCPSink $n1 0]
21. Creating Event Scheduler
Create event scheduler
set ns [new Simulator]
Schedule events
$ns at <time> <event>
<event>: any legitimate ns/tcl commands
Start scheduler
$ns run
22. Tracing
Trace packets on all links
$ns trace-all [open test.out w]
<event> <time> <from> <to> <pkt> <size> -- <fid> <src>
<dst> <seq> <attr>
+ 1 0 2 cbr 210 ------- 0 0.0 3.1 0 0
- 1 0 2 cbr 210 ------- 0 0.0 3.1 0 0
r 1.00234 0 2 cbr 210 ------- 0 0.0 3.1 0 0
Trace packets on all links in nam format
$ns namtrace-all [open test.nam w]
$ns namtrace-all-wireless [open wtest.nam w]
23. Tracing
Turn on tracing on specific links
$ns trace-queue $n0 $n1
$ns namtrace-queue $n0 $n1
Trace-all commands must appear
immediately after creating scheduler
24. Tracing
Event tracing
$ns eventtrace-all [$file]
Add eventtrace after trace-all as trace-all file is used as
default
Example script: ~ns/tcl/ex/tcp-et.tcl
30. Transport
n0 n1
Port Port
Classifier dst_=1.0 Classifier dst_=0.0
Addr Agent/TCP Addr Agent/TCPSink
Classifier 0 agents_
Classifier 0 agents_
0 dmux_ 1 dmux_
Link n0-n1
entry_ 1 entry_ 0
classifier_ classifier_
Link n1-n0
set tcp [new Agent/TCP]
$ns attach-agent $n0 $tcp
31. Creating Traffic: On Top of TCP
FTP
set ftp [new Application/FTP]
$ftp attach-agent $tcp
Telnet
set telnet [new Application/Telnet]
$telnet attach-agent $tcp
32. Application
n0 n1
Port Application/FTP Port
Classifier dst_=1.0 Classifier dst_=0.0
Addr Agent/TCP Addr Agent/TCPSink
Classifier 0 agents_
Classifier 0 agents_
0 dmux_ 1 dmux_
Link n0-n1
entry_ 1 entry_ 0
classifier_ classifier_
Link n1-n0
set ftp [new Application/FTP]
$tcp attach-agent $ftp
33. Plumbing: Packet Flow
n0 n1
Port Application/FTP Port
Classifier dst_=1.0 Classifier dst_=0.0
Addr Agent/TCP Addr Agent/TCPSink
Classifier 0 Classifier 0
0 1
Link n0-n1
entry_ 1 entry_ 0
Link n1-n0
42. TCP : Step 6
End of simulation wrapper (as usual)
$ns at 2.0 “finish”
Proc finish {} {
global ns f nf
close $f
close $nf
puts “Running nam…”
exec nam out.nam &
exit 0
}
$ns run
43. Viz Tools
Nam (Network AniMator)
Packet-level animation
Well-supported by ns
Commandline start: “nam <nam-tracefile>”
Xgraph
Convert trace output into xgraph format
Commandline start: “xgraph”
Gnuplot
Convert ASCII Text e.g. trace into 2D/3D plot
Commandline start: “gnuplot <scriptfile>”
45. Nam Interface: Color
Color mapping
$ns color 40 red
$ns color 41 blue
$ns color 42 chocolate
Color ↔ flow id association
$tcp0 set fid_ 40 ;# red packets
$tcp1 set fid_ 41 ;# blue packets
46. Nam Interface: Nodes
Color
$node color red
Shape (can’t be changed after sim starts)
$node shape box ;# circle, box, hexagon
Marks (concentric “shapes”)
$ns at 1.0 “$n0 add-mark m0 blue box”
$ns at 2.0 “$n0 delete-mark m0”
Label (single string)
$ns at 1.1 “$n0 label ”web cache 0””
47. nam Interfaces: Links
Color
$ns duplex-link-op $n0 $n1 color quot;greenquot;
Label
$ns duplex-link-op $n0 $n1 label quot;abcedquot;
Dynamics (automatically handled)
$ns rtmodel Deterministic {2.0 0.9 0.1} $n0 $n1
Asymmetric links not allowed
48. Nam Interface: Topo Layout
“Manual” layout: specify everything
$ns duplex-link-op $n(0) $n(1) orient right
$ns duplex-link-op $n(1) $n(2) orient right-up
$ns duplex-link-op $n(2) $n(3) orient down
$ns duplex-link-op $n(3) $n(4) orient 60deg
If anything missing automatic layout
49. Nam Interface: Protocol State
Monitor values of agent variables
$ns add-agent-trace $srm0 srm_agent0
$ns monitor-agent-trace $srm0
$srm0 tracevar C1_
$srm0 tracevar C2_
# … …
$ns delete-agent-trace $tcp1
50. Nam Interface: Misc
Annotation
Add textual explanation to your sim
$ns at 3.5 quot;$ns trace-annotate “packet dropquot;“
Set animation rate
$ns at 0.0 quot;$ns set-animation-rate 0.1msquot;
51. Ns Features
Areas in wired domain
LANs
diffserv/intserv
Multicast
Full TCP
Applications like web-caching
Wireless domain
Ad hoc routing
Mobile IP
Satellite networking
Directed diffusion (sensor networks)
Emulator
Connect simulator in a real network
Can receive and send out live packets from/into the real world
52. Resources
Ns distribution download
http://www.isi.edu/nsnam/ns/ns-build.html
Installation problems and bug-fix
http://www.isi.edu/nsnam/ns/ns-problems.html
Ns-users mailing list
Ns-users@isi.edu
See http://www.isi.edu/nsnam/ns/ns-lists.html
Archives from above URL
53. Resources (contd..)
Marc Greis’ tutorial
http://www.isi.edu/nsnam/ns/tutorial
Ns-users archive
Ns-manual
http://www.isi.edu/nsnam/ns/ns-documentation.html
Tcl (Tool Command Language)
http://dev.scriptics.com/scripting
Practical programming in Tcl and Tk, Brent Welch
Otcl (MIT Object Tcl)
~otcl/doc/tutorial.html (in distribution)
54. Let’s practice a bit II
CBR1
UDP1
Use the nam editor and use default values if NULL
N1 not otherwise specified.
N3
Ethernet Ethernet
10Mbps 10Mbps
Delay 1ms R1 R2 Delay 1ms
Serial Link
CBR2 2Mbps
Delay 10ms
UDP2 Ethernet
10Mbps Ethernet NULL
N2 Delay 1ms 10Mbps
Delay 1ms
N4
CBR1: starts at 0s mark it blue
CBR2: start at 0.1s mark it red Is the distribution fair?