1. NOUNS
A noun (Latin nomen, “name”) is a
naming word used to identify or
denote a persons, things, places,
ideas, quality, or actions. In short, it
refers to anything that can be named
or it tells you what is being talked
about

2. OUR NATIONAL SYMOLS
Our national flag is a picture of our beloved country. Its colors are
blue, red, and white. On the triangular white cloth are three stars which stand for the
three main island of our country-Luzon, Visayas and Mindanao. In the middle is a sun
with eight rays. The eight rays stands for the eight provinces who fought against the
Spaniards. These eight provinces are Cavite, Bataan, Tarlac, Bulacan, Nueva
Ecija, Pampanga, Pangasinan, and Zambales.
Jose P. Rizal is our national hero. He awakened the Filipinos to fight for
freedom through the novels he wrote.
The sampaguita is our national flower. It is a small, white flower that is known
for its fragrance. It stands for the Filipino women.
The mango is our national fruit. It is delicious especially when it is ripe.
The anahaw is our national leaf. Its wide leaves are sure protection from the
heat of the sun.
The narra is our national tree. It is known for its strength and hardness.
The Philippine eagle is our national bird. It is known for its strength and
alertness.
The milkfish is our national fish. Its scale are white and shiny.
The carabao is our national animal. It is a beast of burden that helps the
farmer in his fields. It is a symbol of the Filipinos‟ strength and industriousness.
The cariñosa is our national dance. It shows the Filipinos‟ love for the arts.
The barong tagalog and the baro’t saya are our national costumes. The
barong tagalog is worn by the men while the baro‟t saya are worn by the women.

3. Examples
Persons Places Things Animals Events
Jose Rizal Philippines Anahaw Carabao Feast of Nazaren
Hero Country Leaf Bufalo Fiestas
Teacher Lucena Bags Dogs New Years

4. Nouns can be
• 1.Proper Nouns
• 2. Common Nouns
• 3.Concrete Nouns
• 4. Abstract Nouns
• 5. Compound Nouns
• 6. Collective Nouns
• 7. Mass Nouns
• 8. Count Nouns
• 9. Special Singular nouns
• 10.Special Plural Nouns
• 11. Uninflected Nouns

5. Proper Nouns
Kinds Definition Example
-name specific people- Carlos, Asia, Japan,
persons, continents, Ilocos Norte, Texas,
countries, provinces, Roman Catholic,
1. Proper Noun states, counties, Southeast Asia,
parishes, geographic Sunday, January,
regions, days of the Christmas,
week, months of the Panagbenga Festival
year. Holidays, and 1. Abraham Lincoln is
festivals but not known throughout
seasons. They always the world for his
begin with capital letter. humanity.
2. I will call a doctor.

6. Common Nouns
Kinds Definition Example
-generally name a book, boy, linguist,
person, place, or thing. writer, waiter, summer,
They do not begin with wood.
1. Common Noun capital letter. 1. He ran east in three
hours.
2. A beach is
unsurpassed for
relaxation.

7. Concrete Nouns
Kinds Definition Example
-are nouns that can be Pres. Benigno “Pnoy”
touched or S. Aquino III, curtain,
felt(something tangible) birds, television, house,
1. Concrete Noun clothes, books, stars.
1. Our puppy has
black spot on his
nose.
2. My teacher drives
scooter to school
every morning.

8. Abstract Nouns
Kinds Definition Example
-are the names of Care, faith, kindness,
qualities or general love, honor, truth, and
ideas objectively patience.
1. Abstract Noun perceived, or which 1. Angels love to play
have no physical her dolls.
existence. THEY DO
NOT HAVE PLURAL
FORMS.

9. Compound Nouns
Kinds Definition Example
-are the names formed Officer-in-charge,
by joining together two daughter-in-law, book-
ore more names with keeper, classroom.
1. Compound Noun different meaning to 1. Our book-keeper
form a new names with always checks the
new meaning. book we borrows.
2. The new officer-in-
charge(OIC) assume
his duty as the head of
this school

10. Collective Nouns
Kinds Definition Example
-convey the idea of a Audience, team, army,
group or denote things jury, club.
which are considered
1. Collective Noun as a unit or as a one.
They need a singular
verb when they are
considered as one and
take plural verb when
considered as
individuals.

11. Mass Nouns
Kinds Definition Example
name non countable Sugar, music, coffee,
things and are not soap, sunshine,
inflected, although cement, blood, luck,
1. Mass singular or plural dirt, milk, salt, smoke,
Noun(determiners: markers precede them. thunder, lightning,
much and little, is and They are special nouns laughter, dust.
isn‟t) that are always
SINGULAR in forms.
Mass nouns determiner
Glass full of milk There is much milk in the glass.
Half full of milk There is some milk in the glass.
Little bit of milk There isn‟t much milk in the glass.
Empty glass There isn‟t any milk in the glass

12. Count Nouns
Kinds Definition Example
-name countable things Class-classes
and may have both Speech-speeches
singular and plural Child-children
1. Count Nouns forms. They can be Church-churches
(determiners: many inflected regularly and Tooth-teeth
and a few) irregularly. Foot-feet
Count nouns determiner
Tray of eggs There are many eggs in the tray.
Half tray There are some eggs in the tray.
2 pieces of eggs There aren‟t many eggs in the tray.
Empty tray There aren‟t any eggs in the tray.

13. Special Singular Nouns
Kinds Definition Example
-remain singular in Physics, mathematics,
meaning and have athletics, mumps,
plural terminations. linguistics, news,
1. Special Singular statistics, measles,
Nouns gymnastics, genetics,
economics, calisthenics

14. Special Plural Nouns
Kinds Definition Example
-nouns do not have Panties, briefs, trunks,
singular forms and are eyeglasses, manners,
permanently used as goods, fliers, tongs.
1. Special Plural Nouns plural.

15. Properties of nouns
a. Person- the property of nouns that indicates
the person speaking (first person), the
person spoken to (second person) and the
person spoken of (third person)
b. Number – the property of nouns that
indicate whether the noun is one (singular)
or more than one (plural) in number.

16. Noun Functions
• Subject of a verb
• Direct object of a verb
• Object of a preposition
• Object of a verbal
• Indirect object of a verb
• Predicate complement
• Modifier of another noun

17. Subject of a verb
1. Houses built after 1950 are usually of poor
construction.
2. Beauty is in the eyes of a beholder.
3. Indian art has many admirer.
4. Despite all assurances, the young dancer found his
debut trying.
5. New York City appears to have reached a stable
size.
6. Swimming was his greatest pleasure.
Subject: Verb

18. Direct Object of a verb
1. The hunter shot three deer. (Verb shot; direct object
deer)
2. The automobile forced the cows off the road.
3. African hunters found agriculture impossible to
sustain.
4. They liked dancing (the gerund dancing functions
here as the direct object of liked.)

19. Object of Preposition
1. They walk about the mall.(preposition about, object
of preposition mall)
2. For his part, he would remember that day forever.
3. Up and down the river, there was nothing but solid
ice.
4. She performed most of her chores during the
afternoon.
prep·o·si·tion [prèppə zísh'n]
(plural prep·o·si·tions) noun
word used before noun: a member of a set of words used in close connection with, and
usually before, nouns and pronouns to show their relation to another part of a clause. An
example is "off" in "He fell off his bike" and "What did he fall off?"
[14th century. < Latin praeposition- "putting before, preposition" < praeponere "put before" <
ponere "put"]

20. Object of a Verbal
1. Swimming the channel was more than he could
manage.(verbal swimming; channel, object of the verbal
swimming)
2. To pass his examinations easily was all he wanted.
3. Fighting the rain, he slowly made his way home.
4. Having found his wallet, he decided to retire for the nigh.
5. The consulting engineer offered yet another suggestion for
solving the problem.
ver·bal [vúrb'l]
adjective
1. using words as opposed to pictures: using words or language, especially as opposed to pictorial representation a verbal picture of the scene outside 2. using
words as opposed to action: relating to or consisting of words, as opposed to physical action or confrontation verbal protest 3. oral as opposed to written: relating
to or consisting of spoken words, as opposed to written words They made a verbal agreement. 4. relating to words alone: relating to words alone, as opposed to
their meaning a purely verbal distinction 5. involving skill with words: involving skill in the use and understanding of words and language verbal dexterity 6.
GRAMMAR relating to verbs: relating to or derived from a verb or verbs in general 7. GRAMMAR forming verbs: used to form verbs
noun (plural ver·bals)
GRAMMAR word formed from verb: a word formed from a verb, especially one used as a noun or an adjective, e.g. a gerund or participle
[15th century. Via Old French < late Latin verbalis < Latin verbum "word"]

21. Indirect Object of a verb
1. The lawyer gave her secretary a brief letter. (verb gave, indirect
object secretary.)
2. We showed the curator the new acquisition.
3. The pitcher threw the fielder the ball
4. The messenger gave Juan an envelop.
5. Teachers assign their classes enough work to keep anyone busy.
In all these examples, the word order can be rearranged so that the indirect object
can be made the object of a preposition: the lawyer gave a brief letter to her
secretary.
(plural in·di·rect ob·jects) noun
person or thing action is done to: the recipient of the action shown by a verb and
its direct object, e.g. "the cat" in "She gave the cat a meal”

22. Predicate Complement
1. In the eyes of many of her clients, she is the best
lawyer n town.(verb is, predicate compliment lawyer.
And the verb is, is a copulative verb.)
2. Christianity is the religion of many European.
3. She is the youngest teacher in our school.
4. The main difficulty of hat country is the poverty of
most of the population.
5.Words processors can be a blessing for those of us
who write illegibly.
com·ple·ments
GRAMMAR sentence part: a word or group of words, excluding the
verb, that complete the predicate of a sentence or

23. Modifier of Another Noun
1 Stone walls were built throughout New
England.(noun stone, modify noun walls.)
2. The peace talks settled the long war.
3. Glass doors were installed in the kitchen.
4. Tennis champions played many tournaments
that year.
5. John collected postage stamps.

24. Rules in Forming the
Plural form of Nouns
Grammar points to remember
Nouns have different ways of forming their
plural. Most nouns follow definite patterns.
These nouns are called regular nouns.

25. Adding –s.
most nouns form their plural by adding –s.
• Girl-girls; hug-hugs; lip-lips; home-homes.
• Example. The girl is pretty(singular)
The girls are pretty.(plural)
• Exception to practice;
• 1. add –es when a noun
• Ends in s: kindness- kindnesses, lens-lenses
• Ends in z: fez-fezzes, quiz-quizzes (note the doubling of z)
• Ends in sh: hash-hashes, flash, flashes
• Ends in ch: lunch-lunches, bunch- bunches.
• Ends in x: mix- mixes, box- boxes.

26. Noun ends in /y/ preceded by
a consonant, change /y/ to /i/
and add -es
Singular Plural
Harmony Harmonies
Baby Babies
Burglary Burglaries
Lady Ladies
Army Armies
City Cities
Note: if /y/ preceded by a vowel, the plural is formed by adding –s.
Examples:
boy-boys, monkey-monkeys, valley-valleys.

27. Some nouns ending in /f/f or /fe/, change /f/ to
/v/ and add –es or –s
Singular Plural
Calf Calves
Knife Knives
Half halves

28. Nouns taken directly from foreign languages,
form the plural as it is formed in those
languages
singular Plural
Alumnus Alumni (male)
Alumna Alumnae(female)
Erratum Errata
Stimulus Stimuli
Phenomenon phenomena
Datum Data
Formula Formulae/formulas
Index Indexes
Curriculum curriculums
There is a tendency to drop this practice and use the letter –s to form their
plurals of words taken directly from foreign languages. Thus the plural of
memorandum is now more often memorandums than memoranda. It is better
to consult current dictionary in deciding questions of pluralization.

29. Certain nouns do not change in forming
plurals
• Deer
• Goods
• Headquarters
• Scissors
• Species, etc

30. There are few nouns that do not follow the
rules that were mentioned. They have their own
ways forming their plural. These nuns are
called irregular nouns
• Change the middle letter /a/ to /e/.
– man-men.
• Change the middle letter /oo/ to /ee/.
– Foot-feet
• Chang the letters //ous/ to /ic.
– Louse-lice, mouse-mice
• There is no change in spelling, singular and plural forms are
spelled the same way.
• Sheep-sheep, deer-deer.
• Add an extra syllable /ren/ or /en/
– Child-children, ox- oxen

31. The nouns below show the previously explained
rules. These are that have come down from
Anglo-Saxon retain their Anglo-Saxon plurals:
Singular Plural
Foot Feet
Tooth Teeth
Woman Women
Man Men
Child Children
Ox Oxen
Goose Geese
Brother brethren
A child should get enough sleep; The goose slept
Children should get enough sleep; The geese slept

32. Certain nouns ending in /o/ form the plural by
adding –s. other add -es
• Radio-radios
• Cameo-cameos
• Video-videos
• Potato-potatoes hero-heroes
• Tomato-tomatoes
• Echo-echoes

33. Noun Clauses
-has a subject and verb and functions as noun. Noun clauses are
usually introduced by that, what, who, whoever, whatever, why,
when, where, how or which.
Noun as Example Explanation
Subjects That a politician can act that way Subject of occurred
after years in office never occurred
to me.
Objects She insisted that she would Object of insisted
change her ways
Predicate Life is whatever you make it. Complement of is.
compliments
Object f He is taking action on all problems Object of of.
prepositions of which you complained. Object of for.
I purchase the book for which you
bid.

34. Gender of Nouns
-refers to the property of nouns that indicates whether
the noun is masculine, feminine, common and nueter.
Gender Definition Examples
1.Masculine -refers to noun that is male sex Grandfather, father,
uncle, brother, son
2. Feminine -refers to noun that is female sex Grandmother, mother,
aunt, sister, daughter
3. Common -refers to nouns which can be either Teacher, friend, baby,
male or female. engineer, student
4. Neuter - For nouns without sex Clothes, table, book,
house, pencil

35. Cases of Nouns
-the property of nouns that indicates its relationship to
the other words in the sentence.
• Nouns possess three cases:
– Nominative
– Objective
– possessive

36. Nominative Case
-a noun is in nominative case when it is used as: subject, subject complement,
nominative address, nominative of exclamation and appositive
Noun used as Explanation examples
Subject of sentence Classmate is the subject, My classmate passed the
nominative case. final examination.
Subject complement The noun that completes My daughter is a nurse.
a linking verb and means Nurse link with the verb
the same as the subject is. And tell that the
daughter is nurse.
Nominative of address The name of the person Come, Baby, it’s time for
or thing directly you to take a bath!
addressed.
Nominative of The noun performs the Floodwater! Come on,
exclamation function of an interjection run for your lives!
to express a special
feeling of emotion.
Appositive The noun that explains Father Peter, our Parish
another noun it follows priest, is very nice

37. Objective Case
-a noun is in objective case when it is used as: direct object,
indirect object, objective complement and object of preposition
Noun used as Explanation examples
1. Direct object The noun that receives the action Father made a study table
of the transitive verb for us.
2.Indiredt object Nouns that indirectly receives the The principal gave the
action done retiree a certificate of
recognition.
3.Objective Noun that follows the direct object The organization selected a
complement/ and help complete the meaning of skilful woman treasurer.
predicate objective the transitive verb; or the noun that The chorale had chosen a
tells what is done to the direct man soloist for their show.
object.
Object of the Noun that the preposition connects Daniel found a ring under
preposition to another word in the sentence. the chair
Dorothy made a cake for
Joel.

38. Possessive Nouns
-noun is in the possessive(genitive)case when it shows
ownership or possession

39. Possessive Forms
of Nouns
Two rules are helpful in forming possessive
nouns

40. Two rules
Rules Definition Examples
1. With singular nouns and with plural Boy-boy‟s, child-child‟s,
nouns hat do not end in /s/, add /„s/ to Jane‟-Jane‟s, brethren-
form the possessive. brethren‟s, sisters-in-
law-sisters-in-law‟s
2. With plural nouns and with singular Boys-boys‟, girls-girls‟,
nouns that end in /s/ add /‟/ or /‟s/ to Russians-Russians‟,
form the possessive. Charles-Charles‟,
Charles‟s, Yeats-Yeats‟,
Yeats‟s

41. How to Recognize Noun(s) in
the Sentence
• Nouns can be recognized by: their form
and their position in the sentence as
well as by their naming function. Here
are some things for you to look for when
you are trying to identify the nouns in
the sentence.

42. Recognizing noun(s)
Tips Examples
1. All nouns can occur before and after Her hair flows like silk.
verbs. Love conquers all.
2. Most nouns follows the article the or the The world is not enough.
determiners such as my, this, and a/an. My heart belongs to you.
3. All nouns can follow prepositions After summer; before Christmas; in his time
(relationship words)
4. Most nouns can take an –s or –es at the Writer-writers, bench-benches, book-books
end of the word to express the idea of more
than one (plural).
5. Some nouns can start with a capital letter University of the Philippines, Europe,
to indicate the names or the title of some James, January, Roman Catholic.
specific thing or person.
6. Some nouns end in –ness, -tion, and –ity. Resourcefulness, education, community.
7. Some nouns can take an apostrophe by The girl‟s cabinet.
itself to express belonging. The boys‟ room.

43. Articles
There are two types of articles:
definite and indefinite. Articles
are considered as modifiers of
nouns and pronouns.

44. Definite Articles
• The definite article is /the/. It is used to indicate a specific class
of nouns or pronouns or a specific member of a class of nouns
or pronouns.
• The whale is still an endangered species.(the whale as distance
from other species.)
• He gave me the assignment I requested. (he gave me a specific
assignment.)
• The teacher gave the class enough homework for the week. (a
specific teacher, a specific class, a specific week.)
• George Bush is the president I remember best.
• They are the ones who own the property.
Omission of the definite article
The definite article is omitted when the writer does not specify a particular amount
or quantity of the noun.

45. Indefinite Article
• The indefinite article is /a/ and /an/. They are used as modifiers
to indicate an unspecified class or member of a class of nouns.
• Ms. Smith gave her father enough money for a week. (the week
in unspecified).
• A steak costs 25 in some restaurants. (this means unspecified
steak.)
• Carpenters may never again be paid 20 an hour in New York
City. (This means unspecified hour regardless of when the work
is performed.)
Choosing between a and an:
-a is used before a word beginning with a consonant sound
-an is used before a word beginning with a vowel sound and
with same as vowel sounds like hour./ou/

46. Thenk Q
Prepared by:
Mr. Boyet B. Aluan

47. Reference
– Mastering the English Language, Communication Arts and Skills, “Teresita
C. Villa”,Quezon City: Gayo Publishing House, 2006
– My World of English Reading, “Vida Socorro P. Ganchorre and Erlindsa M.
Santiago”,Tarlac City:Books on Wheels Enterprises, 2006.
– Learning English Grammar Easily, ”--”.Philippines:, 2004
– English This Way worktext,revsd. “Chona H. Barrraquias, Cecilia B.
Corsino”Philippines:, Phoenix Pub. House, 2002
– ,