2.  Kelompok kata Noun (kata benda) dengan
kata lainnya sebagai penjelasnya.
 Kata benda utama (yang dijelaskan) disebut
Noun Head
 Penjelasnya dinamakan Modifiers.
 Modifiers yang berada sebelum Noun Head
dinamakan Pre-Modifiers
 Yang dibelakang Noun Head disebut Post-
Modififier.

3. No Pre-modifiers EXAMPLES
a, an, the, one, two, three, a few, some,
1 Determiners
several, all, this, that, my, your. etc.
Adjective
2 beautiful, big, old, rich, expensive, etc.
(Phrase)
3 V-ing challenging, sleeping, walking, shaking,
4 V-3 hidden, written, expected, baked, boiled
5 Noun rice, book, birthday, English,

4. No. Post-Modifiers EXAMPLES
Prepositional
6 (prep+Noun) at, in, on, of, by,
Phrase
7 V-ing Phrase (Ving + Object/Adverb)
8 V-3 Phrase (V-3 + Object/ Adverb)
to infinitive
9 to go, to eat, to study, etc.
(Phrase)
10 Adjective Clause who, whom, that, which, whose + .

5. Noun Phrase modifiers
1. a boy (1+NH)
2. a naughty boy (1+2+NH)
3. a sleeping child (1+3+NH)
4. singing birds (3+NH)
5. a written test (1+4+NH)
6. the imported products (1+4+NH)
7. a birthday cake (1+5+NH)
8. The tree behind the house (1+NH+6)
9. The people living in poverty (1+NH+7)
10. The papers presented at the (1+NH+8)
meeting
11 the book to read (1+NH+9)
12. The man who has 3 wives (1+NH+10)

6.  Many challenging creatures on the earth
problems  Wild plants growing in
 A letter from my father the forest
 The expected result  Soft skin powder
 Things made in Japan  The scientific solutions
 A written test to the problems.
 Freedom to speak  Some problems
 A chemical process discussed before
 A fried chicken  A woman to take care
 The world food of the baby
resources
 The other living

7.  People working in the  The chapters to be
factory taught
 The smell of the drinks  The government's
 Nothing to eat attempts to improve
 The will to develop the socio-economic
 A psychological condition of the people
approach to the  More serious attention
problem to the prevention of
 Fertile land forming the this irresponsible
main food supplier practice
 His new ideas stated in
the conference

8.  Some crucial and complicated world problems
existing in the 20th century.
 The books which we bought last night
 Some differences that we know
 Experts who can assist us in the development of
modern technology.
 The lady whom we met last night
 The man whose wife is working here
 The process how cells multiply themselves
 The place where I was born
 The reason why the government always changes
its policy

9.  The book................................... on the table is mine, (lies, lying,
lain)
 The money...................................... is not ours, (steal, stealing,
stolen)
 The problem for us........................... is quite simple, (solving, to
solve, solve)
 The young man............................... the car is John, (drives,
driving, driven)
 The task ............................... to us yesterday was rather tough,
(giving, given)
 The table..................................... the hall is too large, (in, at,
from, of)
 The man ............................... India is very skillful, (of, from, at)
 January.................................... is a holiday, (first, the first, one