4. pollute greenhouse effect
deforestation depletion fossil fuels
global warming preserve damage
Activity 1. Complete the sentences with the words from the box.
5. 1. To.....................is to keep and protect something from
damage, change or waste.
2. …....................is the removal or cutting down of all trees in
an area for urban use and farm lands.
3. ………….are non-renewable energy sources such as coal,
fuel oil and natural gas formed from dead plants and animals
underground.
4. To…………is to make air, water, or soil dirty or unclean.
Activity 1. Complete the sentences with the words from the box.
preserve
Deforestation
Fossil fuel
pollute
6. 5. The.................................occurs when the earth’s atmosphere
traps certain gases such as carbon dioxide as well as water
vapour. This makes the earth’s surface warmer.
6. …..............................is the gradual increase of temperature
on the earth’s surface due to greenhouse effect.
7. ………….is the using up or reducing something like energy
or resources.
8. …………is harm or injury that makes something less
valuable or able to function.
Activity 1. Complete the sentences with the words from the box.
greenhouse effect
Global warming
Depletion
Damage
10. Position
NOUN
A noun is the subject of a verb or it is the object of a verb.
Ex:
- Deforestation has effected the habitat of many species.
- We should protect the environment
subject
object
11. Noun follows a preposition
Ex:
- Protect yourselves from germs.
NOUN
Position
- Noise pollution can cause stress and health problems for humans.
12. Position
NOUN
Noun follows:
- An article: a/an, the - between : The...of
- Possessive: your, my., - Adjective: nice, modern..
- Quatifier: some, a lot of..
Ex: - Most of the polluted air results from the burning of fossil fuel.
Note: We should notice the Singular or plural noun.
13. Verb Formation
It can be formed with endings like
- ate: activate, investigate, eliminate...
- ize/ise: apologize, criticise,...
- en: widen, lengthen,..
Ex: look, see, hear, notice, listen, communicate......
14. Verb Position
Verb can directly follow
- A subject pronoun: The editor asked me to write a letter.
- The particle To +Vo
- Modal verbs: Can, Will, Must…+ Vo.
Note: We should notice the Tense of Verb in the sentence
15. Word
formation
Verb
position
formation - ion, ment, ance,
- ness, ity, er/or.
- ise,
- ate
- after preposition,
- article, Adjective,
- possesive, qualifier
- after To,
- Subject pronoun
- modal verb
formation
position
!Note:
16. ACTIVITY 3:
Complete the sentences with the nouns or
verbs in 2. Change the word forms, if
necessary. Each word is used once.
17. 1. The……….…………………..of energy in this area has increased a lot
since a new modern resort was built.
2. How much energy does this modern resort.................................
every day.
3. Scientists have been looking for solutions for decades
to……………..…….….the Earth’s limited fossil fuel from depletion.
4. Many environmentalists have supported the…………….……...…….of the
earth’s natural resources such as land, fresh water, rain forests
and fossil fuels.
Activity 3
Complete the sentences with the nouns or verbs in 2.
Change the word forms, if necessary. Each word is used once.
consumption
consume
preserve
preservation
18. 5. The coastal areas have been severely……………..…by the disposals
of harmful chemical rubbish.
6. The greenhouse effect is made by.....................
7. …………………………by chemical sprays and fertilizers make land
arid, and vegetation harmful to human health.
8. Most chemicals………………………the ground and the underground
water.
Activity 3
Complete the sentences with the nouns or verbs in 2.
Change the word forms, if necessary. Each word is used once.
polluted
pollution
Contamination
contaminate
20. Activity 1
The words in the box are three-syllable NOUNS. Listen and repeat.
Can you add two more, using the words from the vocabulary section 3?
article animal editor
influence pollution scientist
solution chemical confusion protection
energy atmosphere
21. Activity 2
Listen and put a mark (’) before the stressed syllable in each word.
article influence energy solution
newsletter pollution protection atmosphere
editor confusion scientist chemical
’ ’ ’ ’
’ ’ ’ ’
’ ’ ’ ’
22. Do you know?
The 3rd syllable from the end of word that
ends with “y” is usually stressed.
Example: ’energy, ac’tivity….
24. We can use Reported speech to
repeat what people have previously
said.
1. She said. “I’m going to visit New York next month”.
→ She said (that) she was going to visit New York the following month.
2. The teacher asked “Do you love English?”
→ The teacher asked me if/whether I loved English.
3. She asked “Where do you live, Nam?”.
→ She asked Nam where he lived.
4. The teacher said.“Open the book page 117, please”.
→ The teacher asked us to open the book page 117
1. statements
2. questions
4. imperative
3. Wh question
25. GRAMMAR
→ She said (that) she was going to visit New York the following month.
→ The teacher asked me if/whether I loved English..
1. statements S + said + (that) S + V + …
told O (change) (change)
→ She asked Nam where he lived.
→ The teacher asked us to open the book page 117.
2. questions
3. imperative
S + V + whether / if + S + V…
2a. Y/N questions
2b. Wh- questions S + V + WH- + S + V…
S + told/ asked + (not) to Vinf…
26. 1. Changes in pronouns.
Câu trực tiếp Câu tường thuật
- I / me / my He / him / his ( nếu chủ từ “S” câu tường thuật là “he” or nam).
She / her / her ( nếu chủ từ “S” câu tường thuật là “she” or nữ).
- We / us / our They / them / their
- You / you / your I / me / my (nếu tân ngữ “O” câu tường thuật là “me”)
He / him / his (nếu “O” câu tường thuật là “him” or nam)
She / her / her (nếu “O” câu tường thuật là “her” or nữ)
We / us / our ( nếu “O” câu tường thuật là “us”)
They / them / their (nếu “O” câu tường thuật là “them”
or N số nhiều)
GRAMMAR
27. 2. Changes in adverbs of time and places.
DIRECT SPEECH INDIRECT SPEECH
this that
these those
now then, at that time, immediately
here there
today that day
ago before
yesterday the day before, the previous day
tomorrow the next day, the following day, the day after
this year / month / week that year / month / week
last year / month / week the year / month / week before;
the previous year / month / week.
next year / month / week the year / month / week after;
the following year / month / week.
a year / month / week ago a year / month / week before;
a year / month / week earlier
The day before yesterday Two days before
The day after tomorrow Two days after
28. 1.Simple present (V(s/es)) - is / am /are Simple past (V2/ed ) - was / were
2. Simple past (V2/ed) Past perfect ( had + V3/ed )
3. Simple future (will/ shall + V0 ) Future in the past ( would/ should + V0 )
4. Present continuous(am/is/are+ V-
ing)
Past continuous (was/ were + V-ing )
5.Past continuous (was/were + V-ing) Past perfect continuous/past continuous (had + been + V-ing)
6. Future continuous (will + be + V-ing) Future continuous in the past (would + be + V-ing)
7. Present perfect (have/has + V3/ed) Past perfect (had + V3/ed)
8. Past perfect (had + V3/ed) Past perfect (had + V3/ed)
9. Future perfect (will + have + V3/ed) Future perfect in the past (would + have + V3/ed)
10. can could
11. may might
12. must/ have, has to had to
3. Changes in tenses of verbs
30. Activity 1:
Read the following sentences from the
conversation between Nam and his
father in GETTING STARTED. Write the
names of the speakers
31. Activity 1: Write the names of the
speakers:
1. “I’m writing for my school newsletter” _____________ said.
2. “ Give some practical advice to students on environment
preservation,”_____________ asked Nam.
3. “ I haven’t had any ideas,” _____________ said.
4. “ Use the web search engine to find
information,”___________ told him.
5. “ It was confusing because I got too many search results
and web pages about th environment,”__________ said.
6. “ Focus on your topic,”____________ told him.
Nam
The editor
Nam
Nam’s father
Nam
Nam’s father
32. Activity 2:
Change the direct speech
statements into reported
speech. Make any changes, if
necessary
Insert your multimedia content here
33. Task 2: Change the direct speech statements into reported speech:
1. “Pollution is one of the problems in my neighbourhood,” Nam
said.
2. “More people are aware of the preservation of natural
resources,” the editor said.
Nam said that pollution was one of the problems in his
neighbourhood.
The editor said more people were aware of the preservation
of natural resources.
34. Task 2: Change the direct speech statements into reported speech:
3. “We are discussing the protection of the natural environment,”
the students told their teacher.
4. “Use the web search engine to find the information that you
need,” Nam’s father told him.
The students told their teacher they were discussing the
protection of the natural environment.
Nam’s father told him to use the web search engine to find
the information that he needed.
35. Task 2: Change the direct speech statements into reported speech:
5. “It’s confusing because there are too many web pages about the
environment,” Nam said.
6. “Air pollution is one of the causes of the greenhouse effect,”
Scientists said.
Nam said it was confusing because there were too many
web pages about the environment.
Scientists said that air pollution was one of the causes of
the greenhouse effect.
