The document discusses effective note-making strategies. It defines note-making as an active process of reading, questioning, evaluating, summarizing and paraphrasing information from written sources and lectures. The key reasons for note-making are to organize information for revision, act as memory hooks for retention, and aid in understanding complex ideas. Effective note-making involves surveying materials in advance, posing questions, actively listening and writing down key points and summaries in your own words during lectures and readings. Notes should be reviewed shortly after to reinforce learning and address any gaps.

1. Note Making
Not Note Taking

2. Objectives for this topic
a. Stimulate your thoughts about what
you do in this area.
b. Help to make you aware of strengths
and weaknesses
c. Encourage an ‘active learning’
approach

3. Definition
 we use the words 'note-making' rather than 'note-
taking' as it more accurately reflects a process where
you are actively involved, rather than the idea of
passively copying the words of others word-for-word
without thought or discrimination.
 Note-making from written sources involves reading,
questioning, evaluating, summarising and
paraphrasing. Whether you are at university or at
work you will need to make notes to help you
remember and understand complex issues. By
actively engaging in the process you will find that
note-making is not a painful or boring process, but is
one of the steps on the road to understanding.

4. Where do we take notes from?
 From written sources:
 books, articles.
 From lectures.
 From audio devices:
 Radio, TV, telephone.

5. Why do we need to make notes?
 To record and store information
 Permanent record of lecture
 Relevant information from book
 To organise information - revision
 To act as memory hooks - retention
 To aid understanding, process ideas
 Efficient note-making is absolutely
essential to effective learning.

6. Importance of Notes
 Purpose is crucial – have questions to answer
 Variety of styles for varying needs
 active learning – helps concentration
 Creates material for later use in exams or
essays/projects – aids retention
 Personal record of understanding
(cf using somebody else’s notes).
 Own words – avoids plagiarism
 Make bibliographic record - at this stage!

7. Notes from lectures
Active or Passive?
 Copying down what you see on a screen or black board.
A or P?
 Writing down things the lecturer says. A or P?
 Writing down your own thoughts and ideas. A or P?
 Asking the lecturer questions. A or P?
 Asking yourself questions-jotting them down to research
later. A or P?
 Answering questions posed by the lecturer
 Doing calculations, solving problems, evolving a personal
response
 Yawning, shuffling, fidgeting, watching fellow students
 Thinking about other things
 Looking at the lecturer, blackboard or the screen
 Discussing things with students near you, when directed to
do so by the lecturer.

8. Using SQ3R
 Survey.
 Question.
 Read / Listen
 Recall,
 Review
 See “Efficient Reading” on S4L or
attend the workshop

9. Survey - Lectures
 Are the lecture notes available in advance
(e.g. on WebCT)?
 You can however still prepare for the lecture in
advance.
 What is the lecture going to be about? Title?
 Where does this fit in to the subject area/module?
 What do you know about this topic already?
 Can you read a book chapter or an article
beforehand? General background?
 This will give you an overall map or framework in
your mind; can fit the new information into this.

10. Question - Lectures
 Pose questions in your mind or on
paper - before the lecture.
 What do you expect to learn?
 Amend the list as lecture progresses
 what is not clear?
 further reading suggests itself
 You may even get the opportunity to
pose the questions directly.

11. Listen
 Attend
 Listen
 Participate
 Make notes
 Ask questions if opportunity
 Talk to other people (when appropriate!)
 Remember, listening is an active
learning process not a passive process of
mere recording of information

12. Listening Skills
Many people admit to being a bit
“hard of hearing”, but fewer admit to
the much more common condition of
being “hard of listening”.
Phil Race
Professor of Education Development
University of Glamorgan

13. Making Notes - Lectures
 Don’t try to write everything down
 Listen for ‘sign-posts’ “Secondly,…”
 What is the main point of this bit?
 Summarise in own words
 Flag topics you want to re-visit
 further reading, alternative view
 Leave room for re-visiting
 wide margin; double spacing

14. Survey – Printed Material
 Read the ‘blurb’ or preface (book)
 Read the abstract (journal article)
 Look at the table of contents
 of relevant chapter or section
 Are there sub-headings?
 What do I know already? (e.g. lectures)
 Any summaries?
 Bullet points? List of learning outcomes?
 Tables? Charts? Diagrams?
 Identify what needed – NOT whole book!

15. Question – Printed Material
 Have in mind the questions you want
answered by your reading
 Will give purpose and focus
 brainstorm on the essay topic
 For research proposal I need….
 Write a list of questions
 Continue to question…
 How does this fit with prior knowledge?
 Is this information useful to my purpose?
 What further questions have arisen?

16. Read
 “Pre –read”
 Title, date, abstract, conclusion (article)
 List of objectives, introduction, any
“boxes”, summary at end of section
 Skim-read or scan for relevance
 Read only relevant text
 Tables, charts are information-rich
 Read actively – critically, evaluate.
 Make notes in next stage

17. Making Notes – Printed Material
 This assists in Recall
 Write down key-words from each
paragraph/section
 Express the main ideas in your own
words – counters plagiarism
 Full bibliographic ref. for that source
 See “Quote, Unquote” for details
 Direct quotation – copy exactly
 Remember page number if from a book

18. Ways to make notes from written
sources.
 1.Key word outlines.
 2.Prose summaries.
 3.Diagrammatic notes.
(spider diagrams, mind maps)
 Leave room to add comments later
 Half width of page; well spaced
 Write critically – question arguments
 Author’s perspective? Alternative views?
 relate to own existing knowledge
 Everything needed from that source
 Should not need that book, article again!

19. Review
 Re-read lecture notes within 24 hours
 Great aid to long-term memory
 Handwriting, spelling, abbreviations!
 Critically review your notes:
 Are the original questions answered?
 More information needed? What sources?
 Relate to previous learning; look back at
earlier lecture, or other, relevant notes
 Do you need to expand on your notes so
that you can use them better later?

20. Create your own short hand.
greater than ..... less than
very much greater/less than
leads to/causes, implies
increase(s) ..... decrease(s)
about (concerning)
therefore ..... because
six hundred thousand
about (approximately)
Question (strongly!)
subject-specific terms: e.g. psychology, -ical:
consistent abbreviations !

21. Create your own short hand.
greater than ..... less than > <
very much greater/less than » «
leads to/causes, implies → =>
increase(s) ..... decrease(s) ↑ ↓
about (concerning) re
therefore ..... because
six hundred thousand 600K
about (approximately) c. ~
Question (strongly!) ? (? ? ?)
subject-specific terms: e.g. psychology, -ical: Ψ
consistent abbreviations !