This August issue of Walking Your Fields contains the following articles for growers in northern WI and northern MN: corn rootworm damage, late season soybean diseases and corn drydown and harvest timing.
Articles are written by DuPont Pioneer agronomists in Minnesota and Wisconsin and are distributed on behalf of DuPont Pioneer account managers and Pioneer sales reps.
Eastern MN Walking Your Fields newsletter-AugDuPont Pioneer
Learn more about late season soybean diseases, how to manage prevented plant acres, fall tillage options and yield monitor calibration tips in this August issue of Walking Your Fields newsletter.
Articles are written by DuPont Pioneer agronomists in southeastern Minnesota and are distributed on behalf of DuPont Pioneer account managers and Pioneer sales reps.
ND & Northern MN Walking Your Fields newsletter-JulyDuPont Pioneer
This July issue of Walking Your Fields newsletter contains articles about: soybean pests, fungicide applications and the role of water in corn development.
Articles are written by DuPont Pioneer agronomists in North Dakota and northern Minnesota and are distributed on behalf of DuPont Pioneer account managers and Pioneer sales reps.
Wisconsin Walking Your Fields newsletter-JuneDuPont Pioneer
This issue of Walking Your Fields newsletter contains articles about: late planted forage options, nitrogen management, glyphosate restrictions, cover crop options and soybean planting date.
Articles are written by DuPont Pioneer agronomists in Wisconsin and are distributed on behalf of DuPont Pioneer account managers and Pioneer sales reps.
Central Minnesota’s Walking Your Fields newsletter-JulyDuPont Pioneer
DuPont Pioneer agronomists talk about soybean aphids, fungicide applications, weed resistance and corn rootworm pressure in this July issue of Walking Your Fields newsletter.
Articles are written by DuPont Pioneer agronomists in Minnesota and are distributed on behalf of DuPont Pioneer account managers and Pioneer sales reps.
South Dakota Walking Your Fields newsletter-JulyDuPont Pioneer
This document discusses water usage and needs in corn crops. It notes that annual precipitation in South Dakota varies greatly from 13 to 30 inches, which can cause water stress or drought for corn depending on rainfall. Water is especially important during tasseling and from that stage through dent stage when corn demands 0.25 inches of water per day. Insufficient water can lower yields. While root growth can access more water, high temperatures also increase water needs, potentially doubling requirements in 90 degree weather. Water stress most impacts yields during pollination and grainfill. Maintaining soil moisture through irrigation can increase yields up to 30% by reducing evapotranspiration. The document provides details on corn water usage and loss through evapotranspiration and
ND & Northern MN Walking Your Fields newsletter-AugDuPont Pioneer
The document discusses corn drydown and harvest timing. It notes that corn planted in mid-late May or early June in the region will likely reach maturity later than usual. It also discusses factors that influence drydown rate like temperature, wind, and hybrid. The ideal harvest moisture is 22-25% but waiting until 18% risks losses from weather, stalk lodging and ear drop. Artificial drying costs vary depending on fuel prices but may increase profitability when losses are anticipated.
Western MN and eastern SD Walking Your Fields newsletter-JulyDuPont Pioneer
The corn crop is developing well with most fields reaching the VT (tassel) stage by August 1, which should allow crops to reach maturity before fall frosts. Growers who applied side-dress nitrogen prior to canopy closure are expected to see rewards from the recent rainfall. Corn rootworm and soybean aphid scouting should continue. Mark DeGroot has joined the DuPont Pioneer sales team as the new Account Manager for the territory covering Eastern South Dakota and Western Minnesota. Additional agronomy support will be provided by Field Agronomists Curt Hoffbeck and Larry Osborne to better serve growers in the region.
South Dakota Walking Your Fields newsletter-AugDuPont Pioneer
Learn about late season soybean diseases, yield monitor calibration tips and guidance on corn drydown and harvest timing in this August issue of Walking Your Fields newsletter.
Articles are written by DuPont Pioneer agronomists in South Dakota and distributed on behalf of DuPont Pioneer account managers and Pioneer sales reps.
Eastern MN Walking Your Fields newsletter-AugDuPont Pioneer
Learn more about late season soybean diseases, how to manage prevented plant acres, fall tillage options and yield monitor calibration tips in this August issue of Walking Your Fields newsletter.
Articles are written by DuPont Pioneer agronomists in southeastern Minnesota and are distributed on behalf of DuPont Pioneer account managers and Pioneer sales reps.
ND & Northern MN Walking Your Fields newsletter-JulyDuPont Pioneer
This July issue of Walking Your Fields newsletter contains articles about: soybean pests, fungicide applications and the role of water in corn development.
Articles are written by DuPont Pioneer agronomists in North Dakota and northern Minnesota and are distributed on behalf of DuPont Pioneer account managers and Pioneer sales reps.
Wisconsin Walking Your Fields newsletter-JuneDuPont Pioneer
This issue of Walking Your Fields newsletter contains articles about: late planted forage options, nitrogen management, glyphosate restrictions, cover crop options and soybean planting date.
Articles are written by DuPont Pioneer agronomists in Wisconsin and are distributed on behalf of DuPont Pioneer account managers and Pioneer sales reps.
Central Minnesota’s Walking Your Fields newsletter-JulyDuPont Pioneer
DuPont Pioneer agronomists talk about soybean aphids, fungicide applications, weed resistance and corn rootworm pressure in this July issue of Walking Your Fields newsletter.
Articles are written by DuPont Pioneer agronomists in Minnesota and are distributed on behalf of DuPont Pioneer account managers and Pioneer sales reps.
South Dakota Walking Your Fields newsletter-JulyDuPont Pioneer
This document discusses water usage and needs in corn crops. It notes that annual precipitation in South Dakota varies greatly from 13 to 30 inches, which can cause water stress or drought for corn depending on rainfall. Water is especially important during tasseling and from that stage through dent stage when corn demands 0.25 inches of water per day. Insufficient water can lower yields. While root growth can access more water, high temperatures also increase water needs, potentially doubling requirements in 90 degree weather. Water stress most impacts yields during pollination and grainfill. Maintaining soil moisture through irrigation can increase yields up to 30% by reducing evapotranspiration. The document provides details on corn water usage and loss through evapotranspiration and
ND & Northern MN Walking Your Fields newsletter-AugDuPont Pioneer
The document discusses corn drydown and harvest timing. It notes that corn planted in mid-late May or early June in the region will likely reach maturity later than usual. It also discusses factors that influence drydown rate like temperature, wind, and hybrid. The ideal harvest moisture is 22-25% but waiting until 18% risks losses from weather, stalk lodging and ear drop. Artificial drying costs vary depending on fuel prices but may increase profitability when losses are anticipated.
Western MN and eastern SD Walking Your Fields newsletter-JulyDuPont Pioneer
The corn crop is developing well with most fields reaching the VT (tassel) stage by August 1, which should allow crops to reach maturity before fall frosts. Growers who applied side-dress nitrogen prior to canopy closure are expected to see rewards from the recent rainfall. Corn rootworm and soybean aphid scouting should continue. Mark DeGroot has joined the DuPont Pioneer sales team as the new Account Manager for the territory covering Eastern South Dakota and Western Minnesota. Additional agronomy support will be provided by Field Agronomists Curt Hoffbeck and Larry Osborne to better serve growers in the region.
South Dakota Walking Your Fields newsletter-AugDuPont Pioneer
Learn about late season soybean diseases, yield monitor calibration tips and guidance on corn drydown and harvest timing in this August issue of Walking Your Fields newsletter.
Articles are written by DuPont Pioneer agronomists in South Dakota and distributed on behalf of DuPont Pioneer account managers and Pioneer sales reps.
Managing Phytophthora Root & Stem Rot of SoybeansDuPont Pioneer
Learn how to manage Phytophthora, commonly associated with heavy, poorly-drained or compacted soils. It can weaken or even kill plants at all stages of growth.
This document outlines alternatives for controlling field bindweed, a pernicious weed. It discusses cultural controls like preventing the spread of bindweed seeds and parts between fields. Physical controls include using black plastic mulch or fabric barriers. Crop rotations and cover crops can also help suppress bindweed by providing shade or competing for resources. Specific crop rotations and sequences involving forage sorghum, sunflowers, pumpkins, and alfalfa are highlighted. The document also describes a 5-year non-chemical strategy combining mechanical tillage and cropping.
Grasshoppers are sporadic pests that sometimes migrate in large populations and defoliate gardens. More than 200 grasshopper species occur in California, but only a few like the devastating grasshopper and valley grasshopper cause significant problems. Grasshoppers lay eggs in soil in fall which hatch the following spring. Nymphs molt several times before becoming adults. Population sizes vary yearly, with major outbreaks occurring every 8-10 years if conditions are favorable for several years. Grasshoppers prefer young plants and remove large sections of leaves, sometimes devouring entire plants. Management options during major invasions are limited, but trap crops and insecticides around garden borders can help control smaller populations.
Tomato cultivation involves preparing beds 90 cm wide and paths 50 cm wide. Seedlings are planted 40-45 cm apart in rows 50 cm apart from June-July and November-December. Common tomato varieties include beefsteak, truss, cherry, and round tomatoes. Cultural practices for tomatoes include suckering, crop support using nylon strings and clips, training plants on a single stem, de-leafing lower leaves, fruit pruning, using truss hooks to support fruit weight, and topping plants to increase fruit size. Tomatoes are harvested starting 60-75 days after planting and yields are typically 50-60 kg/sq meter for truss tomatoes and 31 kg/sq meter for cherry tomatoes over an 8-9 month
Weed management in maize,sorghum&perl millet plantsMahendra Anjana
This document discusses weed management in C4 plants such as maize, sorghum, and pearl millet. It identifies common weed flora including broad-leaf weeds and grass weeds. Yield losses from weeds can range from 20-30% but vary based on management practices. The critical period for weed control is early crop establishment to early reproductive stages from 30-60 days after sowing. Various weed management techniques are outlined including crop rotation, intercropping, seed treatment, soil preparation, hand weeding, mulching, fertilizer practices, soil solarization, harvesting at maturity, and chemical control options.
Grasshoppers are difficult to control but their impact can be minimized through preventative management over the long term using non-chemical strategies. These include cultural controls like fall tillage to destroy eggs, trap cropping to concentrate grasshoppers, and encouraging natural predators. Biological controls such as the protozoan Nosema locustae and fungus Beauveria bassiana can be used against nymphs and adults. Physical barriers and traps can also help reduce grasshopper populations. Maintaining farm biodiversity is key to preventing major outbreaks.
The document discusses factors that affect the phyllochron, or the time interval between the emergence of successive leaves, in rice plants. It reports on studies that found older seedlings and closer spacing resulted in longer phyllochron durations, negatively impacting tiller production and yield. Specifically, older seedlings experienced more root damage during transplanting, causing stress and slower growth rates, while closer spacing increased competition between plants for resources. Wider spacing and younger seedlings promoted higher tiller numbers and potential yields.
Dreamland Industries was formed in 2008 to help create rural prosperity by developing innovative crops. They have completed two harvests of safflower in Texas, Oklahoma, Kansas, and New Mexico. For 2011, they are looking to contract more safflower acreage. Safflower is a drought-resistant crop that produces vegetable oil and has other benefits like a deep taproot and minimal input needs. It can be grown with conventional equipment and has a relatively short 120-150 day growing period. Dreamland provides information on recommended planting dates, fertilization, weed control, harvesting, and yields to help farmers have a successful safflower crop.
Beneficial Blend is a seed mixture produced by Lohse Mill that contains 18 species of plants known to harbor beneficial insects. The mixture includes cereal rye grain, barley, various clovers, alfalfa, mustard, carrots, and flowers. Many of the plants in the mixture are susceptible to pests, concentrating food sources and attracting beneficial insects away from crops. The mixture should be planted as a border or in rows between crops to provide habitat for beneficials. It can last several years with reseeding and helps control pests in an environmentally friendly way.
- The System of Rice Intensification (SRI) is an alternative methodology for growing rice that can significantly increase yields using fewer external inputs. It involves transplanting young seedlings with wide spacing, maintaining moist soil conditions, and mechanical weeding.
- SRI has led to increased yields of 8-16 tons/hectare in various countries, compared to average worldwide yields of 3.8 tons/hectare, through profuse tillering, greater root growth, larger panicles, and less water requirement. Additional benefits include lower costs, higher profits, and less need for fertilizers and agrochemicals.
- While counterintuitive, SRI principles take advantage of plant biology and dynamics
Presenter: Norman Uphoff
The Cornell Agroforestry Working Group/ The Management of Organic Inputs in Soils of the Tropics Group (CAWG/MOIST) Seminar Series 2003, USA
Tissue culture is the propagation of plants using plant parts, single cells, or cell groups grown in a sterile, controlled environment. Banana is an important crop for India, contributing 37% of total fruit production. It grows best in tropical climates between 13-38°C with humidity of 75-85%. Good soil for banana has drainage, fertility, and moisture with a pH of 6-7.5. Common varieties include Grand Naine, which is becoming most popular for its stress tolerance and fruit quality. Land preparation involves adding organic matter to pits or furrows which are then planted with banana plants.
The document summarizes the System of Rice Intensification (SRI) method of rice cultivation. SRI uses younger seedlings, wider spacing between plants, less flooding of fields, and other practices. It can significantly increase rice yields, often doubling average yields, while reducing water, seed, and other input needs. SRI goes against conventional agriculture wisdom but evidence shows it improves root and tiller growth, leading to higher productivity from existing rice varieties and genomes.
Alternate bearing in avocados is genetically encoded and can be difficult to manage. It is usually precipitated by abnormal crops that stress the tree's resources. While alternate bearing indexes show it is a problem globally, management strategies like pruning, nutrition timing, and growth regulators can help reduce its amplitude. Achieving the proper balance of vegetative and reproductive growth is key to stabilizing yields from year to year.
The document discusses the System of Rice Intensification (SRI), an alternative methodology for growing rice. SRI uses younger seedlings, wider spacing between plants, and reduced flooding of fields. It results in larger root systems and increased tillering. Studies have found SRI can double average yields to 8 tons/hectare while reducing water use by 50%, costs of production, and need for agrochemicals. SRI appears counterintuitive but reflects farmers' experiences of increased output from fewer external inputs under improved growing conditions.
The document provides best practices for establishing and maintaining a Wadi programme, which involves planting fruit trees. It outlines recommendations for plot selection and marking, pit digging and filling, graft selection and planting, aftercare including staking, basin preparation, mulching, shade provision, and intercropping. Proper spacing, soil management, irrigation, and integrated pest management are emphasized.
Sunflower is an important oilseed crop that contributes 14% of total oilseed production. It has a high seed multiplication ratio and is drought tolerant, making it suitable for dryland farming. Sunflower oil contains high levels of unsaturated fatty acids and vitamin E, and is used for cooking, margarine, and industrial applications. India is a major producer of sunflower, with the largest areas located in Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh, and Telangana.
This document provides information on organic asparagus production, including variety selection, site preparation, weed, insect and disease management. Key points:
1) Variety selection is important, with all-male hybrids like 'Jersey Giant' yielding much more than older varieties. Soil pH between 6.5-7.5 and amendments before planting also improve growth.
2) Weed control is a major challenge, requiring elimination of perennials before planting and a combination of cultivation, mulching, cover crops and flaming for annual weeds.
3) Pests like asparagus beetle and rust can reduce yields but can be managed through sanitation, crop rotation and resistant varieties.
Wisconsin Walking Your Fields newsletter-AugustDuPont Pioneer
This issue of Walking Your Fields newsletter contains articles about: yield monitor calibration, corn drydown and harvest timing and late season soybean diseases.
Articles are written by DuPont Pioneer agronomists in Wisconsin and are distributed on behalf of DuPont Pioneer account managers and Pioneer sales reps.
Western MN and eastern SD Walking Your Fields newsletter-AugustDuPont Pioneer
DuPont Pioneer agronomists talk about yield monitor calibrations, corn drydown and harvest timing, and late season soybean diseases in the August issue of Walking Your Fields newsletter.
Articles are written by DuPont Pioneer agronomists in western Minnesota and eastern South Dakota and are distributed on behalf of DuPont Pioneer account managers and Pioneer sales reps.
Managing Phytophthora Root & Stem Rot of SoybeansDuPont Pioneer
Learn how to manage Phytophthora, commonly associated with heavy, poorly-drained or compacted soils. It can weaken or even kill plants at all stages of growth.
This document outlines alternatives for controlling field bindweed, a pernicious weed. It discusses cultural controls like preventing the spread of bindweed seeds and parts between fields. Physical controls include using black plastic mulch or fabric barriers. Crop rotations and cover crops can also help suppress bindweed by providing shade or competing for resources. Specific crop rotations and sequences involving forage sorghum, sunflowers, pumpkins, and alfalfa are highlighted. The document also describes a 5-year non-chemical strategy combining mechanical tillage and cropping.
Grasshoppers are sporadic pests that sometimes migrate in large populations and defoliate gardens. More than 200 grasshopper species occur in California, but only a few like the devastating grasshopper and valley grasshopper cause significant problems. Grasshoppers lay eggs in soil in fall which hatch the following spring. Nymphs molt several times before becoming adults. Population sizes vary yearly, with major outbreaks occurring every 8-10 years if conditions are favorable for several years. Grasshoppers prefer young plants and remove large sections of leaves, sometimes devouring entire plants. Management options during major invasions are limited, but trap crops and insecticides around garden borders can help control smaller populations.
Tomato cultivation involves preparing beds 90 cm wide and paths 50 cm wide. Seedlings are planted 40-45 cm apart in rows 50 cm apart from June-July and November-December. Common tomato varieties include beefsteak, truss, cherry, and round tomatoes. Cultural practices for tomatoes include suckering, crop support using nylon strings and clips, training plants on a single stem, de-leafing lower leaves, fruit pruning, using truss hooks to support fruit weight, and topping plants to increase fruit size. Tomatoes are harvested starting 60-75 days after planting and yields are typically 50-60 kg/sq meter for truss tomatoes and 31 kg/sq meter for cherry tomatoes over an 8-9 month
Weed management in maize,sorghum&perl millet plantsMahendra Anjana
This document discusses weed management in C4 plants such as maize, sorghum, and pearl millet. It identifies common weed flora including broad-leaf weeds and grass weeds. Yield losses from weeds can range from 20-30% but vary based on management practices. The critical period for weed control is early crop establishment to early reproductive stages from 30-60 days after sowing. Various weed management techniques are outlined including crop rotation, intercropping, seed treatment, soil preparation, hand weeding, mulching, fertilizer practices, soil solarization, harvesting at maturity, and chemical control options.
Grasshoppers are difficult to control but their impact can be minimized through preventative management over the long term using non-chemical strategies. These include cultural controls like fall tillage to destroy eggs, trap cropping to concentrate grasshoppers, and encouraging natural predators. Biological controls such as the protozoan Nosema locustae and fungus Beauveria bassiana can be used against nymphs and adults. Physical barriers and traps can also help reduce grasshopper populations. Maintaining farm biodiversity is key to preventing major outbreaks.
The document discusses factors that affect the phyllochron, or the time interval between the emergence of successive leaves, in rice plants. It reports on studies that found older seedlings and closer spacing resulted in longer phyllochron durations, negatively impacting tiller production and yield. Specifically, older seedlings experienced more root damage during transplanting, causing stress and slower growth rates, while closer spacing increased competition between plants for resources. Wider spacing and younger seedlings promoted higher tiller numbers and potential yields.
Dreamland Industries was formed in 2008 to help create rural prosperity by developing innovative crops. They have completed two harvests of safflower in Texas, Oklahoma, Kansas, and New Mexico. For 2011, they are looking to contract more safflower acreage. Safflower is a drought-resistant crop that produces vegetable oil and has other benefits like a deep taproot and minimal input needs. It can be grown with conventional equipment and has a relatively short 120-150 day growing period. Dreamland provides information on recommended planting dates, fertilization, weed control, harvesting, and yields to help farmers have a successful safflower crop.
Beneficial Blend is a seed mixture produced by Lohse Mill that contains 18 species of plants known to harbor beneficial insects. The mixture includes cereal rye grain, barley, various clovers, alfalfa, mustard, carrots, and flowers. Many of the plants in the mixture are susceptible to pests, concentrating food sources and attracting beneficial insects away from crops. The mixture should be planted as a border or in rows between crops to provide habitat for beneficials. It can last several years with reseeding and helps control pests in an environmentally friendly way.
- The System of Rice Intensification (SRI) is an alternative methodology for growing rice that can significantly increase yields using fewer external inputs. It involves transplanting young seedlings with wide spacing, maintaining moist soil conditions, and mechanical weeding.
- SRI has led to increased yields of 8-16 tons/hectare in various countries, compared to average worldwide yields of 3.8 tons/hectare, through profuse tillering, greater root growth, larger panicles, and less water requirement. Additional benefits include lower costs, higher profits, and less need for fertilizers and agrochemicals.
- While counterintuitive, SRI principles take advantage of plant biology and dynamics
Presenter: Norman Uphoff
The Cornell Agroforestry Working Group/ The Management of Organic Inputs in Soils of the Tropics Group (CAWG/MOIST) Seminar Series 2003, USA
Tissue culture is the propagation of plants using plant parts, single cells, or cell groups grown in a sterile, controlled environment. Banana is an important crop for India, contributing 37% of total fruit production. It grows best in tropical climates between 13-38°C with humidity of 75-85%. Good soil for banana has drainage, fertility, and moisture with a pH of 6-7.5. Common varieties include Grand Naine, which is becoming most popular for its stress tolerance and fruit quality. Land preparation involves adding organic matter to pits or furrows which are then planted with banana plants.
The document summarizes the System of Rice Intensification (SRI) method of rice cultivation. SRI uses younger seedlings, wider spacing between plants, less flooding of fields, and other practices. It can significantly increase rice yields, often doubling average yields, while reducing water, seed, and other input needs. SRI goes against conventional agriculture wisdom but evidence shows it improves root and tiller growth, leading to higher productivity from existing rice varieties and genomes.
Alternate bearing in avocados is genetically encoded and can be difficult to manage. It is usually precipitated by abnormal crops that stress the tree's resources. While alternate bearing indexes show it is a problem globally, management strategies like pruning, nutrition timing, and growth regulators can help reduce its amplitude. Achieving the proper balance of vegetative and reproductive growth is key to stabilizing yields from year to year.
The document discusses the System of Rice Intensification (SRI), an alternative methodology for growing rice. SRI uses younger seedlings, wider spacing between plants, and reduced flooding of fields. It results in larger root systems and increased tillering. Studies have found SRI can double average yields to 8 tons/hectare while reducing water use by 50%, costs of production, and need for agrochemicals. SRI appears counterintuitive but reflects farmers' experiences of increased output from fewer external inputs under improved growing conditions.
The document provides best practices for establishing and maintaining a Wadi programme, which involves planting fruit trees. It outlines recommendations for plot selection and marking, pit digging and filling, graft selection and planting, aftercare including staking, basin preparation, mulching, shade provision, and intercropping. Proper spacing, soil management, irrigation, and integrated pest management are emphasized.
Sunflower is an important oilseed crop that contributes 14% of total oilseed production. It has a high seed multiplication ratio and is drought tolerant, making it suitable for dryland farming. Sunflower oil contains high levels of unsaturated fatty acids and vitamin E, and is used for cooking, margarine, and industrial applications. India is a major producer of sunflower, with the largest areas located in Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh, and Telangana.
This document provides information on organic asparagus production, including variety selection, site preparation, weed, insect and disease management. Key points:
1) Variety selection is important, with all-male hybrids like 'Jersey Giant' yielding much more than older varieties. Soil pH between 6.5-7.5 and amendments before planting also improve growth.
2) Weed control is a major challenge, requiring elimination of perennials before planting and a combination of cultivation, mulching, cover crops and flaming for annual weeds.
3) Pests like asparagus beetle and rust can reduce yields but can be managed through sanitation, crop rotation and resistant varieties.
Wisconsin Walking Your Fields newsletter-AugustDuPont Pioneer
This issue of Walking Your Fields newsletter contains articles about: yield monitor calibration, corn drydown and harvest timing and late season soybean diseases.
Articles are written by DuPont Pioneer agronomists in Wisconsin and are distributed on behalf of DuPont Pioneer account managers and Pioneer sales reps.
Western MN and eastern SD Walking Your Fields newsletter-AugustDuPont Pioneer
DuPont Pioneer agronomists talk about yield monitor calibrations, corn drydown and harvest timing, and late season soybean diseases in the August issue of Walking Your Fields newsletter.
Articles are written by DuPont Pioneer agronomists in western Minnesota and eastern South Dakota and are distributed on behalf of DuPont Pioneer account managers and Pioneer sales reps.
Wisconsin Walking Your Fields newsletter-JulyDuPont Pioneer
This issue of Walking Your Fields newsletter contains articles about: corn root lodging, soybean aphids and diseases, along with the role of water in corn development.
Articles are written by DuPont Pioneer agronomists in Wisconsin and are distributed on behalf of DuPont Pioneer account managers and Pioneer sales reps.
Eastern MN & Western WI Walking Your Fields newsletter-JuneDuPont Pioneer
This June issue of Walking Your Fields newsletter contains articles about: corn stand evaluation, planting date impact on soybeans, nitrogen loss after rain, and early weed control in corn.
Articles are written by DuPont Pioneer agronomists in Minnesota and Wisconsin and are distributed on behalf of DuPont Pioneer account managers and Pioneer sales reps.
Gray leaf spot is a destructive fungal disease of maize caused by Cercospora zeae-maydis. It develops lesions on maize leaves and can cause significant yield losses. The disease favors warm, humid conditions and is worse in reduced-tillage or continuous corn systems. Management strategies include crop rotation, resistant varieties, and fungicide application when lesions are observed. Bacterial leaf spot is also a disease affecting maize and is caused by the bacterium Xanthomonas vasicola pv. vasculorum. It develops streak-like lesions between leaf veins and can be identified by bacterial streaming under a microscope.
Gray leaf spot is a destructive fungal disease of maize caused by Cercospora zeae-maydis. It develops lesions on maize leaves and can cause significant yield losses. The disease favors warm, humid conditions and is worse in reduced-tillage or continuous corn systems. Management strategies include crop rotation, resistant varieties, and fungicide application when lesions are observed. Bacterial leaf spot is also a disease affecting maize and is caused by the bacterium Xanthomonas vasicola pv. vasculorum. It develops wavy, transparent lesions between leaf veins.
This document summarizes common diseases that affect strawberry plants and fruit. It describes 8 diseases (leaf scorch, leaf spot, leaf blight, black spot, powdery mildew, grey mould, fusarium wilt, and crown rot), providing details on symptoms, conditions that promote disease, and management strategies. It also discusses 4 non-disease issues (sunburn, frogmouth, poor pollination, and albinism) that can impact strawberry fruit quality and outlines approaches for addressing each problem.
twisted and shriveled within 48 hours of a freeze, changing from light green to white or whitish-brown. They may not be extruded from the florets. The female parts (stigma, style, ovary) also can be damaged, turning off-white to brown and failing to open. Use a hand lens to detect subtle symptoms.
This document describes spring freeze injury to wheat in Kansas. It discusses when and where spring freeze injury occurs, temperatures that cause injury at different growth stages, and symptoms of injury. Spring freeze injury happens when low temperatures coincide with sensitive growth periods, like jointing, boot, and flowering stages. Injury symptoms include leaf discoloration, sterile spikes, and
Principles and Practices of Organic Pea Seed Production ~ Cornell University
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For more information, Please see websites below:
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Organic Edible Schoolyards & Gardening with Children
http://scribd.com/doc/239851214
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Double Food Production from your School Garden with Organic Tech
http://scribd.com/doc/239851079
`
Free School Gardening Art Posters
http://scribd.com/doc/239851159`
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Increase Food Production with Companion Planting in your School Garden
http://scribd.com/doc/239851159
`
Healthy Foods Dramatically Improves Student Academic Success
http://scribd.com/doc/239851348
`
City Chickens for your Organic School Garden
http://scribd.com/doc/239850440
`
Simple Square Foot Gardening for Schools - Teacher Guide
http://scribd.com/doc/239851110
Maize was domesticated over 8,700 years ago in Central America from its wild grass ancestor, teosinte. Through selective breeding over generations, humans developed maize to have more and larger kernels on multiple rows, making it suitable for human consumption. Today, maize is a major crop grown worldwide, with the largest producers being the United States, China, Brazil, India, and Mexico. Maize is used for human food, animal feed, industrial products, and biofuel.
Maize was domesticated over 8,700 years ago in Central America from its wild grass ancestor, teosinte. Through selective breeding over generations, humans developed maize to have more and larger kernels on multiple rows, making it suitable for human consumption. Today, maize is a major crop grown worldwide, with the largest producers being the United States, China, Brazil, India, and Mexico. Maize is used for human food, animal feed, industrial products, and biofuel.
Chickpea Seed Production Manual ~ saskpulse.comSeeds
This document provides information on chickpea crop production, including descriptions of plant characteristics, adaptation factors, variety selection considerations, and field selection guidelines. It discusses chickpea plant structure, growth habit, environmental adaptation requirements, and important factors for variety choice such as disease resistance and maturity. The summary emphasizes proper field selection, specifically selecting well-drained fields and controlling weeds, especially perennials, prior to chickpea planting.
Companion Crop Recommendations for Planting with Black WalnutsAliki85w
Black walnut trees are well-suited for alley cropping with companion crops due to their late leaf emergence in spring and early leaf drop in fall creating light shade. Their deep taproot and shallow lateral roots also reduce competition for water and nutrients with companion crops. Row crops like soybeans and winter wheat can be grown for several years until shade impacts yields. Forage crops vary in shade tolerance, with orchardgrass and red clover commonly used. Specialty crops requiring varying light levels can also be incorporated depending on tree spacing. Proper companion crop selection is important for an alley cropping system's profitability and sustainability.
Modified Report Thaumatococcus daniellii for publicationBarbara Sweetman
Thaumatococcus daniellii (T.d.) seedlings can be successfully cultivated through selective breeding in plantations. Seeds from Ghana, Cameroon, and across Ivory Coast were grown at the CNRA Anguededou rubber plantation over 22 years, producing high-yielding seedlings. Optimal growing conditions include shade, rainfall of 1500-4000mm, temperatures of 25-30°C, altitudes up to 1300m, loamy soil, and protection from leaf/fruit harvesting. Close spacing of 20 seedlings per square meter is recommended. After 4 years, meaningful fruit harvests can begin if leaves are not removed. Sunbirds are important pollinators, so insecticides should be avoided
This document summarizes the key aspects of natural forest regeneration through seed production, dispersal, germination, and seedling establishment. It discusses that natural regeneration relies on adequate seed production from mature trees, which depends on species, age, climate, and other factors. Seeds are then dispersed by wind, water, gravity, or animals. Germination requires suitable internal seed traits as well as external temperature, moisture, oxygen, light, and seed depth conditions. Seedling establishment faces challenges from lack of root development, insufficient soil moisture, nutrients, humus conditions, and aeration. Proper soil and light conditions are important for seedlings to become safely established.
This document provides information about maize (corn) including its introduction, scientific classification, agronomy, cultivation, growth and development stages, types, quality seed production in hybrids, adaptation and production potential, harvesting process, soil tillage, and tillage systems. The key points are:
- Maize originated in Mexico and Guatemala and is one of the most important grains worldwide.
- Agronomy of maize involves cultivars, planting, fertilization, pest and disease control, and harvesting. Proper cultivation methods are important for high yields.
- There are different types of maize classified by color, kernel shape, and texture. Quality seed production requires isolation, land preparation,
The document discusses breeding crop plants for resistance to drought and waterlogging. It describes various mechanisms of drought resistance including drought escape, avoidance, and tolerance. Features of drought resistant plants like early stomatal closure, waxy leaves, and extensive root systems are outlined. Breeding methods for developing drought resistance include selecting plants from drought prone areas and developing varieties with short duration, deep roots, and other drought tolerant traits. The effects of waterlogging and ideotypes for flooded areas are also mentioned.
Potato is one of the world's major food crops and is native to South America. It is a staple crop in many European countries. The potato famine in Ireland in the 1840s resulted in one million deaths from starvation and disease. Today, China is the world's top potato producer, followed by Russia and Ukraine. Potato cultivation requires cool temperatures and well-drained soil. Several potato varieties are grown around the world with different maturation periods. Proper agronomic practices such as soil preparation, seed treatment, fertilization, irrigation, and pest management are needed to successfully grow potatoes. Physiological disorders like hollow heart, greening, and freezing injury can affect potato tubers if growing and storage conditions are not optimal.
Maize (Zea mays subsp.), known in some English-speaking countries as corn, is a large grain plant domesticated by indigenous peoples in Mesoamerica in prehistoric times. The leafy stalk produces ears which contain the grain, which are seeds called kernels. Maize kernels are often used in cooking as a starch. This document contain ...1. Structure and physiology,2. Varieties,3. Climate, soils and production areas,4. The sowing operation 5. Maintenance At crop establishment 6. Major Diseases of Maize 7. Major Insect Pest of Maize 8.Global Maize Production ,9Global Consumption of Maize and many more about Maize .
Climate plays a crucial role in the successful growth and production of litchi trees. The litchi grows best in regions with cool, dry winters below 20-22°C and long, hot summers above 25°C with high rainfall and humidity. Temperature influences many aspects of the litchi's growth cycle from flowering to fruit development. Specifically, temperatures between 0-13°C during winter induce more profuse flowering, while temperatures above 25°C are not suitable for cultivation. Moderate temperatures between 20-35°C with adequate moisture promote optimal growth and development.
Similar to Northern Minnesota and northern Wisconsin Walking Your Fields newsletter-Aug (20)
DuPont Pioneer conducted corn population research trials across North America from 2001-2012. The results showed that the optimal seeding rate depends on yield levels, with higher rates needed for higher yields. For typical Midwest yields of 190-220 bushels per acre in 2013, the optimal economic seeding rate was found to be 34,600 seeds per acre. Hybrid improvements have allowed for higher populations over time, with the top yielding hybrids from 2009-2012 performing best at 40,000 plants per acre. Growers can use these results to determine the best seeding rates for their hybrids, locations, and management practices.
The enormous volume of farm-level data growers now handle—from new precision
ag technologies as well as from traditional information sources—can be unwieldy
and disconnected. Effectively using the data requires the ability to compile and
analyze it to make insightful decisions.
Commodity prices are softening, input costs are on the rise and access to land is a
key concern. To stay competitive, growers must closely manage their operations to
get the most out of every resource.
Growers can’t count on the markets or the weather—except to change. Staying in
business over time means effectively managing the risks growers can control
while minimizing the impact of those they can’t.
Improving sustainability is both a business requirement and good business.
Growers must produce more from every acre while efficiently managing inputs
and being good stewards of the environment.
Northeast MN & northern WI Yields from Your Fields-NovDuPont Pioneer
This is a special edition issue of Walking Your Fields newsletter that contains Yields from Your fields plot results for 2013 in northwest Minnesota and northern Wisconsin.Walking Your Fields is a written by DuPont Pioneer agronomists in Wisconsin and is distributed on behalf of DuPont Pioneer account managers and Pioneer sales professionals.
South central MN Yields from Your Fields -Nov13DuPont Pioneer
This is a special edition issue of Walking Your Fields newsletter that contains Yields from Your fields plot results for 2013 in south central Minnesota.
Walking Your Fields is a written by DuPont Pioneer agronomists in Minnesota and is distributed on behalf of DuPont Pioneer account managers and Pioneer sales professionals.
Southern WI Yields from Your Fields - Oct 2013DuPont Pioneer
This is a special edition issue of Walking Your Fields newsletter that contains Yields from Your fields plot results for 2013 in southern WI.
Walking Your Fields is a written by DuPont Pioneer agronomists in Wisconsin and is distributed on behalf of DuPont Pioneer account managers and Pioneer sales professionals.
The DuPont Pioneer Drought
Research Council (DRC) published its first article this month titled ‘The U.S. Drought of 2012 in Perspective: A Call to Action’. The paper outlines recommendations for improving food security, including an emphasis on research collaborations; objective, science-based regulations; and, appropriate funding for public agricultural research.
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2211912413000370
Western MN and eastern SD Walking Your Fields newsletter for JuneDuPont Pioneer
This issue of Walking Your Fields newsletter contains articles about: corn stand evaluation, herbicide timing, glyphosate considerations, nitrogen loss and a GDU update.
Articles are written by DuPont Pioneer agronomists in Minnesota and South Dakota and are distributed on behalf of DuPont Pioneer account managers and Pioneer sales reps.
Field Facts: Corn Replant Guide Southern USDuPont Pioneer
This guide can be applied to corn grain production in the southern U.S. for high, moderate and low expected yield levels for key hybrids grown in the south.
- The document discusses management options for northern BU corn rootworm (CRW) based on 2012 beetle and root ratings observations.
- It lists several Pioneer corn products with different insect protection traits including Optimum AcreMax 1, Optimum AcreMax, Optimum AcreMax Xtra, and Optimum AcreMax Xtreme.
- It provides brief descriptions of the insect protection technologies contained in each product including Herculex, Herculex I, and Agrisure RW traits.
Establishing a uniform alfalfa stand requires proper field preparation with a firm seedbed, planting the seed at the correct depth, and using the proper seeding rate. A successful stand also depends on addressing soil fertility needs, controlling weeds, and planting during the optimal windows in spring or late summer. The document provides guidelines for soil preparation, seeding, weed control, and the pros and cons of clear seeding versus using a nurse crop.
Pioneer Agronomy Sciences recommends planting corn at a depth of 1.5 to 2 inches for optimal emergence and root development. Studies showed corn planted at 3/4 inches took longer to emerge than corn planted at 2 inches, even in soils prone to crusting. Soil temperature was similar at 3/4 and 2 inch depths early in the season, so warmer soil wasn't responsible for the faster emergence of deeper planted corn. Establishing the nodal root system below the soil line through proper planting depth reduces risks and improves the corn plant's ability to withstand stress.
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 5DianaGray10
Welcome to UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series part 5. In this session, we will cover CI/CD with devops.
Topics covered:
CI/CD with in UiPath
End-to-end overview of CI/CD pipeline with Azure devops
Speaker:
Lyndsey Byblow, Test Suite Sales Engineer @ UiPath, Inc.
Securing your Kubernetes cluster_ a step-by-step guide to success !KatiaHIMEUR1
Today, after several years of existence, an extremely active community and an ultra-dynamic ecosystem, Kubernetes has established itself as the de facto standard in container orchestration. Thanks to a wide range of managed services, it has never been so easy to set up a ready-to-use Kubernetes cluster.
However, this ease of use means that the subject of security in Kubernetes is often left for later, or even neglected. This exposes companies to significant risks.
In this talk, I'll show you step-by-step how to secure your Kubernetes cluster for greater peace of mind and reliability.
Dr. Sean Tan, Head of Data Science, Changi Airport Group
Discover how Changi Airport Group (CAG) leverages graph technologies and generative AI to revolutionize their search capabilities. This session delves into the unique search needs of CAG’s diverse passengers and customers, showcasing how graph data structures enhance the accuracy and relevance of AI-generated search results, mitigating the risk of “hallucinations” and improving the overall customer journey.
Threats to mobile devices are more prevalent and increasing in scope and complexity. Users of mobile devices desire to take full advantage of the features
available on those devices, but many of the features provide convenience and capability but sacrifice security. This best practices guide outlines steps the users can take to better protect personal devices and information.
Enchancing adoption of Open Source Libraries. A case study on Albumentations.AIVladimir Iglovikov, Ph.D.
Presented by Vladimir Iglovikov:
- https://www.linkedin.com/in/iglovikov/
- https://x.com/viglovikov
- https://www.instagram.com/ternaus/
This presentation delves into the journey of Albumentations.ai, a highly successful open-source library for data augmentation.
Created out of a necessity for superior performance in Kaggle competitions, Albumentations has grown to become a widely used tool among data scientists and machine learning practitioners.
This case study covers various aspects, including:
People: The contributors and community that have supported Albumentations.
Metrics: The success indicators such as downloads, daily active users, GitHub stars, and financial contributions.
Challenges: The hurdles in monetizing open-source projects and measuring user engagement.
Development Practices: Best practices for creating, maintaining, and scaling open-source libraries, including code hygiene, CI/CD, and fast iteration.
Community Building: Strategies for making adoption easy, iterating quickly, and fostering a vibrant, engaged community.
Marketing: Both online and offline marketing tactics, focusing on real, impactful interactions and collaborations.
Mental Health: Maintaining balance and not feeling pressured by user demands.
Key insights include the importance of automation, making the adoption process seamless, and leveraging offline interactions for marketing. The presentation also emphasizes the need for continuous small improvements and building a friendly, inclusive community that contributes to the project's growth.
Vladimir Iglovikov brings his extensive experience as a Kaggle Grandmaster, ex-Staff ML Engineer at Lyft, sharing valuable lessons and practical advice for anyone looking to enhance the adoption of their open-source projects.
Explore more about Albumentations and join the community at:
GitHub: https://github.com/albumentations-team/albumentations
Website: https://albumentations.ai/
LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/company/100504475
Twitter: https://x.com/albumentations
Let's Integrate MuleSoft RPA, COMPOSER, APM with AWS IDP along with Slackshyamraj55
Discover the seamless integration of RPA (Robotic Process Automation), COMPOSER, and APM with AWS IDP enhanced with Slack notifications. Explore how these technologies converge to streamline workflows, optimize performance, and ensure secure access, all while leveraging the power of AWS IDP and real-time communication via Slack notifications.
Full-RAG: A modern architecture for hyper-personalizationZilliz
Mike Del Balso, CEO & Co-Founder at Tecton, presents "Full RAG," a novel approach to AI recommendation systems, aiming to push beyond the limitations of traditional models through a deep integration of contextual insights and real-time data, leveraging the Retrieval-Augmented Generation architecture. This talk will outline Full RAG's potential to significantly enhance personalization, address engineering challenges such as data management and model training, and introduce data enrichment with reranking as a key solution. Attendees will gain crucial insights into the importance of hyperpersonalization in AI, the capabilities of Full RAG for advanced personalization, and strategies for managing complex data integrations for deploying cutting-edge AI solutions.
Encryption in Microsoft 365 - ExpertsLive Netherlands 2024Albert Hoitingh
In this session I delve into the encryption technology used in Microsoft 365 and Microsoft Purview. Including the concepts of Customer Key and Double Key Encryption.
Pushing the limits of ePRTC: 100ns holdover for 100 daysAdtran
At WSTS 2024, Alon Stern explored the topic of parametric holdover and explained how recent research findings can be implemented in real-world PNT networks to achieve 100 nanoseconds of accuracy for up to 100 days.
Communications Mining Series - Zero to Hero - Session 1DianaGray10
This session provides introduction to UiPath Communication Mining, importance and platform overview. You will acquire a good understand of the phases in Communication Mining as we go over the platform with you. Topics covered:
• Communication Mining Overview
• Why is it important?
• How can it help today’s business and the benefits
• Phases in Communication Mining
• Demo on Platform overview
• Q/A
Building RAG with self-deployed Milvus vector database and Snowpark Container...Zilliz
This talk will give hands-on advice on building RAG applications with an open-source Milvus database deployed as a docker container. We will also introduce the integration of Milvus with Snowpark Container Services.
TrustArc Webinar - 2024 Global Privacy SurveyTrustArc
How does your privacy program stack up against your peers? What challenges are privacy teams tackling and prioritizing in 2024?
In the fifth annual Global Privacy Benchmarks Survey, we asked over 1,800 global privacy professionals and business executives to share their perspectives on the current state of privacy inside and outside of their organizations. This year’s report focused on emerging areas of importance for privacy and compliance professionals, including considerations and implications of Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies, building brand trust, and different approaches for achieving higher privacy competence scores.
See how organizational priorities and strategic approaches to data security and privacy are evolving around the globe.
This webinar will review:
- The top 10 privacy insights from the fifth annual Global Privacy Benchmarks Survey
- The top challenges for privacy leaders, practitioners, and organizations in 2024
- Key themes to consider in developing and maintaining your privacy program
Goodbye Windows 11: Make Way for Nitrux Linux 3.5.0!SOFTTECHHUB
As the digital landscape continually evolves, operating systems play a critical role in shaping user experiences and productivity. The launch of Nitrux Linux 3.5.0 marks a significant milestone, offering a robust alternative to traditional systems such as Windows 11. This article delves into the essence of Nitrux Linux 3.5.0, exploring its unique features, advantages, and how it stands as a compelling choice for both casual users and tech enthusiasts.
Removing Uninteresting Bytes in Software FuzzingAftab Hussain
Imagine a world where software fuzzing, the process of mutating bytes in test seeds to uncover hidden and erroneous program behaviors, becomes faster and more effective. A lot depends on the initial seeds, which can significantly dictate the trajectory of a fuzzing campaign, particularly in terms of how long it takes to uncover interesting behaviour in your code. We introduce DIAR, a technique designed to speedup fuzzing campaigns by pinpointing and eliminating those uninteresting bytes in the seeds. Picture this: instead of wasting valuable resources on meaningless mutations in large, bloated seeds, DIAR removes the unnecessary bytes, streamlining the entire process.
In this work, we equipped AFL, a popular fuzzer, with DIAR and examined two critical Linux libraries -- Libxml's xmllint, a tool for parsing xml documents, and Binutil's readelf, an essential debugging and security analysis command-line tool used to display detailed information about ELF (Executable and Linkable Format). Our preliminary results show that AFL+DIAR does not only discover new paths more quickly but also achieves higher coverage overall. This work thus showcases how starting with lean and optimized seeds can lead to faster, more comprehensive fuzzing campaigns -- and DIAR helps you find such seeds.
- These are slides of the talk given at IEEE International Conference on Software Testing Verification and Validation Workshop, ICSTW 2022.
Unlock the Future of Search with MongoDB Atlas_ Vector Search Unleashed.pdfMalak Abu Hammad
Discover how MongoDB Atlas and vector search technology can revolutionize your application's search capabilities. This comprehensive presentation covers:
* What is Vector Search?
* Importance and benefits of vector search
* Practical use cases across various industries
* Step-by-step implementation guide
* Live demos with code snippets
* Enhancing LLM capabilities with vector search
* Best practices and optimization strategies
Perfect for developers, AI enthusiasts, and tech leaders. Learn how to leverage MongoDB Atlas to deliver highly relevant, context-aware search results, transforming your data retrieval process. Stay ahead in tech innovation and maximize the potential of your applications.
#MongoDB #VectorSearch #AI #SemanticSearch #TechInnovation #DataScience #LLM #MachineLearning #SearchTechnology
2. Northern Stem Canker (Diaporthe phaseolorum) is a re-
emergent soybean disease that begins at points along
lower stems, creating brownish-red lesions (cankers) ex-
tending part way around and into lower stems (Figure 3).
Affected plants
often retain dead
leaves even up
to harvest time.
Roots and pith
(the soft center
are of stems) are
generally not
affected by stem
canker.
White Mold (Sclerotinia Rot) Sclerotinia white mold is
favored by cooler night temperatures (50-60°F) and moist
conditions in the plant canopy. In addition to cool temper-
atures, the production of white mold apothecia(mushroom
like fruiting bodies) requires moist soil and a closed cano-
py. If surface soil moisture
is low or the soybean cano-
py is not closed during
flowering, the fungus would
not be able to produce apo-
theica. When scouting for
this disease, pay attention
to the fields that have a
history of white mold and
fields that have good soil
moisture and a closed can-
opy. The first evidence of
white mold is a chlorotic,
girdling lesion covered with
white, fluffy mycelium at
one of the middle nodes.
The evidence of the dis-
ease becomes conspicu-
ous in August when dead
tops start to show up in fields. It is most likely to show up
in low spots of the field where plant populations are high,
in narrow rows, in tightly closed canopies, where plants
become lodged and/or where less tolerant varieties are
planted.
Many corn fields in the region were planted mid to late
May or early June, this corn will likely need until early
October to reach maturity (black layer). As growers hope
for a late autumn to get field work done before the snow
flies, now is the time to weigh the cost of in-field grain
drydown versus using artificial drying at harvest.
There are three main factors that influence the rate at
which corn dries, physiological maturity, weather and the
corn hybrid. Corn that matures earlier typically dries fast-
er due to more favorable drying conditions earlier in the
harvest season. On the same note, later maturing corn
has fewer warm days to aid drying and will dry slower. In
a typical year, corn that matures on September 15 may
require only about 10-15 days to reach 20 percent mois-
ture, while corn that matures on September 25 may need
30 days to reach the same moisture level (D.R. Hicks,
2004). Drydown is linked to heat units (GDUs). Under
ideal weather conditions, corn may lose up to one point of
moisture per day. As the days get cooler, GDUs de-
crease and drying slows. A rule of thumb is that 30 GDUs
are required to lower the grain moisture each point from
30 percent to 25 percent. Forty-five GDUs per moisture
point are required from 25 percent to 20 percent. Also
consider that we typically expect no more than about 10
GDUs per day in late September, and only about 3-5
GDUs per day in late October. That means that field dry-
ing of corn may take two to three times longer for late
maturing fields. Drydown is also hybrid specific. The
amount, thickness and tightness of husks affect drydown;
the more insulated the ear, the longer it takes to dry. Up-
right ears are more prone to capture moisture in the
husks. Lastly, corn with moderate test weight dries faster
than hybrids with heavier test weights.
The ideal harvest moisture for corn is between 22-25 per-
cent. Waiting for corn to dry to 18 percent moisture in the
field certainly saves on the energy bill; but it also increas-
es the likelihood of excess harvest losses due to stalk
lodging, ear drop and detrimental weather all of which
can affect your bottom line. In addition, there may not be
enough heat units this fall for in-field drydown. Ohio State
University research indicated no additional in-field grain
drying occurred after early to mid-November (Minyo,
Geyer & Thomison, 2009).
“Phantom yield loss” may also encourage growers to har-
vest at slightly higher moistures this fall. Growers occa-
sionally report harvesting part of a field early and finishing
the field when it is dryer, only to discover the later har-
vested portion of the field is yielding several bushels less
per acre than the first harvested corn.
Purdue University confirmed these claims indicating that
grain corn dried in the field has the potential to yield one
percent less per point of moisture. For example, corn that
was 200 bushels/acre at 28 percent moisture would only
yield around 180 bushels/acre at 18 percent moisture if
left in the field too long. This research also confirmed
Figure 3. Northern stem canker.
Photo: L. Osborne, DuPont Pioneer
Figure 4. White Mold
Photo: DuPont Pioneer
Corn Drydown & Harvest Timing
Delaying harvest may increase risk of lodging, ear drop or kernel loss
and result in reduced yields. Photo: DuPont Pioneer
>>
3. that the ideal moisture level for corn grain harvest is 25
percent. Harvesting wetter than that can damage kernels
and of course significantly increase drying costs (Nielsen
et al., 1996).
Artificial drying costs will vary this season depending on
LP gas prices, which currently ranges from $1.25 - $1.40
per gallon across Minnesota. Nonetheless, harvesting at
a higher moisture level this year may increase grower
profitability, specifically when growers anticipate medium
to high harvest losses. The table below was developed by
Iowa State University, and customized by DuPont Pioneer
agronomists to illustrate different drying scenarios and
costs based on an average LP price of $1.35/gallon.
If you have questions about moisture levels, drydown and
harvest, contact your sales representative for assistance.
(Sources: Minyo, Geyer & Thomison. 2009. How will delaying corn har-
vest affect yield, grain quality and moisture? Ohio State University Ex-
tension. Nielsen et al. 1996. Kernel dry weight loss during post-maturity
drydown intervals in corn. Purdue University.)
What is the ideal harvest moisture for corn grain? Or,
to be more specific, what grain moisture will provide the
greatest economic return to the grower?
This is a question that has been studied and debated
over the years, with some growers favoring earlier har-
vesting, while others prefer drier grain to minimize artifi-
cial drying. While there is no definitive answer to this
question, limited research, and some reliable on-farm
anecdotes suggest grower’s yield may “disappear” after
physiological maturity due to respiring grain in the field.
Additionally, field and harvest loss due to ear drop and
shelling may also impact harvestable yield.
To address this question, DuPont Pioneer is looking for
growers to run a simple test in their field this fall, compar-
ing a “early harvest” vs. “late harvest.” The test is easy to
do, and can be done with any corn hybrid:
1. Select a uniform field near bins or buildings that allow
for multiple harvests over time.
2. Harvest a portion of the field early, with grain mois-
tures near 25%.
3. Harvest a second time (or more) a week or more lat-
er, with final grain moisture targeted less than 20%.
4. Record harvest data with a yield monitor or weigh
wagon.
5. Note visible yield loss (dropped ears, etc.)
6. Provide harvest dates, yield & moisture data and
notes to your Sales Rep or DuPont Pioneer Agrono-
mist.
Contact your local Pioneer Sales Representative if you
are willing to participate in this test and to answer any
questions you may have. Again, we are looking for lots of
grower participation to help us address this question.
Yield information from monitors and GPS is an
extremely important tool that you can use to make deci-
sions in your business. However, it is only as accurate as
the calibration and taking time to do this will help elimi-
nate poor information later. Here are some tips to remem-
ber when looking at yield monitor calibration:
Clear memory card and back up previous year’s data
Calibrate multiple times throughout the growing sea-
son to ensure consistent data
Make sure the load is enough weight (3,000-6,000
pounds)
Make sure you have multiple loads at different
speeds (3.5, 4.5, 5 etc.)
Calibration loads should be in a uniform area of the
field, a good representation will improve accuracy
Differences in moisture and grain quality will require a
new calibration to be accurate
In a year with variability, taking time to calibrate will pay big
dividends!
AGRONOMY RESOURCES, TOOLS & APPS
Pioneer.com and Pioneer mobile allow growers to have
extensive crop management resources and agronomy
information at their fingertips. Check out these apps: Pio-
neer®
Field360™ Notes and Pioneer®
Field360™ Tools!
Estimated Cost to Dry Corn to 15% Moisture
Harvest
Moisture
LP
gal/bu
LP
$/gal
LP
$/bu
Drying Cost
$/bu*
Drying cost
$/point*
35 0.472 1.35 0.637 0.645 0.032
30 0.337 1.35 0.455 0.461 0.031
25 0.219 1.35 0.296 0.299 0.030
20 0.109 1.35 0.147 0.149 0.030
Based on: NCH-51 Hybrid Maturity-Energy Relationships in Corn
Drying, Iowa State University; *assumes electrical cost of $0.115/kwh
Early Harvest Challenge
Calibrating Yield Monitors
4. DuPont Pioneer
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