This document discusses how climate change is affecting North Atlantic fucoid seaweeds. Ecological niche modeling predicts their distribution ranges will shift northward by 2100 due to rising sea temperatures. This will cause the biggest ecological changes in Arctic and warm temperate areas, including increased diversity and potential for hybridization. While some seaweeds may be able to adapt, others may lose habitat. Integrative modeling is needed to understand the seaweeds' response by considering their niche shifts, plasticity, adaptation, dispersal, and biotic interactions.
Report of IPBES/ IPCC working group- reviewing overlap and actions needed, in order to both combat Climate Change and restore and protect Biodiversity.
June 2012 work
impactos del cambio climatico en ecosistemas costerosXin San
Anthropogenically induced global climate change has profound implications for marine
ecosystems and the economic and social systems that depend upon them. The
relationship between temperature and individual performance is reasonably well
understood, and much climate-related research has focused on potential shifts in
distribution and abundance driven directly by temperature. However, recent work has
revealed that both abiotic changes and biological responses in the ocean will be
substantially more complex. For example, changes in ocean chemistry may be more
important than changes in temperature for the performance and survival of many
organisms. Ocean circulation, which drives larval transport, will also change, with
important consequences for population dynamics. Furthermore, climatic impacts on one
or a few leverage species may result in sweeping community-level changes. Finally,
synergistic effects between climate and other anthropogenic variables, particularly fishing
pressure, will likely exacerbate climate-induced changes. Efforts to manage and conserve
living marine systems in the face of climate change will require improvements to the
existing predictive framework. Key directions for future research include identifying key
demographic transitions that influence population dynamics, predicting changes in the
community-level impacts of ecologically dominant species, incorporating populations
ability to evolve (adapt), and understanding the scales over which climate will change and
living systems will respond.
Global Climate Change: Drought Assessment + ImpactsJenkins Macedo
This presentation outlined the purposes, methods, data analyses, results and conclusions of four selected articles in remotely sensed regional and global drought assessments and impacts for global environmental change. This presentation was developed and presented by Richard Maclean, doctoral student in Geography at Clark University and Jenkins Macedo, Master of Science candidate in Envrionmental Science and Policy at Clark University.
Growing Season Extension & its Impact on Terrestrial Carbon; Gardening Guidebook www.scribd.com/doc/239851313, For more information, Please see Organic Edible Schoolyards & Gardening with Children www.scribd.com/doc/239851214 - Double Food Production from your School Garden with Organic Tech www.scribd.com/doc/239851079 - Free School Gardening Art Posters www.scribd.com/doc/239851159 - Increase Food Production with Companion Planting in your School Garden www.scribd.com/doc/239851159 - Healthy Foods Dramatically Improves Student Academic Success www.scribd.com/doc/239851348 - City Chickens for your Organic School Garden www.scribd.com/doc/239850440 - Huerto Ecológico, Tecnologías Sostenibles, Agricultura Organica www.scribd.com/doc/239850233 - Simple Square Foot Gardening for Schools, Teacher Guide www.scribd.com/doc/23985111 ~
Impacts of large-scale drought and deluge on phenology and vegetation product...Richard Ma
Results revealed dramatic impacts of drought and wet extremes on vegetation dynamics, with abrupt between year changes in phenology. Drought resulted in widespread reductions or collapse in the normal patterns of seasonality such that in many cases there was no detectable phenological cycle during drought years.
Presentation delivered by Dr. Graham Farquhar (The Australian National University, Australia) at Borlaug Summit on Wheat for Food Security. March 25 - 28, 2014, Ciudad Obregon, Mexico.
http://www.borlaug100.org
Environmental effects on fish populations: Some principles, some examples, and comparisons between large ecosystems from the Mediterranean to the Barents Sea
Welcome to the Anthropocene: the geology of humanity Owen Gaffney
ICT and Life Sciences Forum lecture, 6 December, 2012, University of Melbourne.
Short introduction to the concept of the Anthropocene. The Anthropocene concept proposes Earth is moving out of its current geological epoch and into a new epoch dominated by humankind. ICT, in particular social networking may be a "keystone innovation" on the path to global sustainability.
Ecological Marine Units: A New Public-Private Partnership for the Global OceanDawn Wright
Invited keynote for the 2017 Marine GIS User Group meeting held Thursday, May 25th at Stanford’s Hopkins Marine Station, 120 Ocean View Blvd., Pacific Grove, CA. The main web site for this user group is walrus.wr.usgs.gov/MontereyBayMarineGIS. The event page for the talk: https://hopkinsmarinestation.stanford.edu/events/dawn-wright-oregon-state-university-new-public-private-partnership-global-ocean
Report of IPBES/ IPCC working group- reviewing overlap and actions needed, in order to both combat Climate Change and restore and protect Biodiversity.
June 2012 work
impactos del cambio climatico en ecosistemas costerosXin San
Anthropogenically induced global climate change has profound implications for marine
ecosystems and the economic and social systems that depend upon them. The
relationship between temperature and individual performance is reasonably well
understood, and much climate-related research has focused on potential shifts in
distribution and abundance driven directly by temperature. However, recent work has
revealed that both abiotic changes and biological responses in the ocean will be
substantially more complex. For example, changes in ocean chemistry may be more
important than changes in temperature for the performance and survival of many
organisms. Ocean circulation, which drives larval transport, will also change, with
important consequences for population dynamics. Furthermore, climatic impacts on one
or a few leverage species may result in sweeping community-level changes. Finally,
synergistic effects between climate and other anthropogenic variables, particularly fishing
pressure, will likely exacerbate climate-induced changes. Efforts to manage and conserve
living marine systems in the face of climate change will require improvements to the
existing predictive framework. Key directions for future research include identifying key
demographic transitions that influence population dynamics, predicting changes in the
community-level impacts of ecologically dominant species, incorporating populations
ability to evolve (adapt), and understanding the scales over which climate will change and
living systems will respond.
Global Climate Change: Drought Assessment + ImpactsJenkins Macedo
This presentation outlined the purposes, methods, data analyses, results and conclusions of four selected articles in remotely sensed regional and global drought assessments and impacts for global environmental change. This presentation was developed and presented by Richard Maclean, doctoral student in Geography at Clark University and Jenkins Macedo, Master of Science candidate in Envrionmental Science and Policy at Clark University.
Growing Season Extension & its Impact on Terrestrial Carbon; Gardening Guidebook www.scribd.com/doc/239851313, For more information, Please see Organic Edible Schoolyards & Gardening with Children www.scribd.com/doc/239851214 - Double Food Production from your School Garden with Organic Tech www.scribd.com/doc/239851079 - Free School Gardening Art Posters www.scribd.com/doc/239851159 - Increase Food Production with Companion Planting in your School Garden www.scribd.com/doc/239851159 - Healthy Foods Dramatically Improves Student Academic Success www.scribd.com/doc/239851348 - City Chickens for your Organic School Garden www.scribd.com/doc/239850440 - Huerto Ecológico, Tecnologías Sostenibles, Agricultura Organica www.scribd.com/doc/239850233 - Simple Square Foot Gardening for Schools, Teacher Guide www.scribd.com/doc/23985111 ~
Impacts of large-scale drought and deluge on phenology and vegetation product...Richard Ma
Results revealed dramatic impacts of drought and wet extremes on vegetation dynamics, with abrupt between year changes in phenology. Drought resulted in widespread reductions or collapse in the normal patterns of seasonality such that in many cases there was no detectable phenological cycle during drought years.
Presentation delivered by Dr. Graham Farquhar (The Australian National University, Australia) at Borlaug Summit on Wheat for Food Security. March 25 - 28, 2014, Ciudad Obregon, Mexico.
http://www.borlaug100.org
Environmental effects on fish populations: Some principles, some examples, and comparisons between large ecosystems from the Mediterranean to the Barents Sea
Welcome to the Anthropocene: the geology of humanity Owen Gaffney
ICT and Life Sciences Forum lecture, 6 December, 2012, University of Melbourne.
Short introduction to the concept of the Anthropocene. The Anthropocene concept proposes Earth is moving out of its current geological epoch and into a new epoch dominated by humankind. ICT, in particular social networking may be a "keystone innovation" on the path to global sustainability.
Ecological Marine Units: A New Public-Private Partnership for the Global OceanDawn Wright
Invited keynote for the 2017 Marine GIS User Group meeting held Thursday, May 25th at Stanford’s Hopkins Marine Station, 120 Ocean View Blvd., Pacific Grove, CA. The main web site for this user group is walrus.wr.usgs.gov/MontereyBayMarineGIS. The event page for the talk: https://hopkinsmarinestation.stanford.edu/events/dawn-wright-oregon-state-university-new-public-private-partnership-global-ocean
IMPACT OF GLOBAL WARMING ON AQUATIC FLORA AND FAUNAMahendra Pal
A rise in temperature as small as 1° C could have important and rapid effects on the geographical distributions and mortality of some organisms. The more mobile species should be able to adjust their ranges over time, but less mobile and sedentary species may not.There are many factors that can cause a warming of our climate; for example, more energy from the sun, large natural events such as El Nino or an increased greenhouse effect. Rising temperatures can directly affect the metabolism, life cycle, and behaviour of marine species. For many species, temperature serves as a cue for reproduction. Clearly, changes in sea temperature could affect their successful breeding. The number of male and female offspring is determined by temperature for marine turtles, as well as some fish and copepods (tiny shrimp-like animals on which many other marine animals feed). Changing climate could therefore skew sex ratios and threaten population survival.
Talk on
Responses of fish populations to climate forcing across the North Atlantic
in the session
Comparative studies of North Atlantic ecosystems
at the conference
2nd GLOBEC Open Science Meeting Comparative Ecosystems and Climate Change 15-18 October 2002, Qingdao, P. R. China
Climate change is one of the primary factors contributing to the loss of biodiversity worldwide. The purpose of this review paper was to give serious thought about the present and future impacts of climate change on biodiversity, even though we are not aware of its synergistic effects on biological populations. In order to fully understand the biota's reactions to these climatic
changes, we also concentrated on how these changes impact their phenology and physiology. This review article's subjects are
covered in a non-random order to make it easier for readers to understand the connections between biodiversity and climate
change. We also discussed about how 1.1°C of global warming brought about by human activity has altered the Earth's climate
in ways never seen before and negatively impacted human health. We covered how to safeguard our biota by implementing practical conservation strategies at the end of this review article in order to reduce the effects of climate change on it. We hope that one day, because research on climate change and biodiversity protection is interdisciplinary and spans many different scientific areas, we will be able to address all these concerns and preserve our biota from their terrible consequences.
Rising ocean temperatures, interfering with kelp reproduction, development and growth, have already devastating effects on natural kelp forests that have vanished in multiple regions after extreme summer heat waves. Moreover, increasing temperatures are likely to decrease biomass production and, thus, to reduce production security of farmed kelp. For
the kelp Alaria esculenta it has been shown that lethal thermal lmits of gametophytes, and the overall growth of sporophytes can be enhanced via thermal acclimation/priming. The
main objective of our study was to identify the importance of the methylome of the kelp Saccharina latissima for temperature acclimation. Methylation marks have been shown to be partly stable across generations, and, thus, are good epigenetic candidates in providing long-term acclimation to environmental challenges. While the first methylome of brown macroalgae has been recently described in Saccharina japonica, its functional relevance and contribution to environmental acclimation is currently unknown. We characterized the methylome in sporophyte cultures of S. latissima from Germany and Norway
(Labsamples), raised at 5°C, 10°C, and 15°C, and in adult ‘wild’ sporophytes from the same locations (Fieldsamples) using a methylation-sensitive restriction enzyme followed by Next Generation Sequencing of the digested fragments. Based on a Principal Component Analysis, the samples separated into distinct Lab- and Field-clusters, independent of their origin or treatment. This suggests that laboratory conditions have
strong effects on the methylome and, thus, putatively, on the epigenetically controlled characteristics of the kelp sporophytes. Methylation levels increased with increasing temperature. A more detailed analysis on the genomic regions affected by methylome the different methylome patterns will reveal potential functional consequences at the level of gene-regulation. This is a first step to understand whether DNA methylation marks may be used as biological regulators (via their effect on gene regulation) that allow to enhance production security and kelp restoration success under rising temperatures.
Deep Behavioral Phenotyping in Systems Neuroscience for Functional Atlasing a...Ana Luísa Pinho
Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) provides means to characterize brain activations in response to behavior. However, cognitive neuroscience has been limited to group-level effects referring to the performance of specific tasks. To obtain the functional profile of elementary cognitive mechanisms, the combination of brain responses to many tasks is required. Yet, to date, both structural atlases and parcellation-based activations do not fully account for cognitive function and still present several limitations. Further, they do not adapt overall to individual characteristics. In this talk, I will give an account of deep-behavioral phenotyping strategies, namely data-driven methods in large task-fMRI datasets, to optimize functional brain-data collection and improve inference of effects-of-interest related to mental processes. Key to this approach is the employment of fast multi-functional paradigms rich on features that can be well parametrized and, consequently, facilitate the creation of psycho-physiological constructs to be modelled with imaging data. Particular emphasis will be given to music stimuli when studying high-order cognitive mechanisms, due to their ecological nature and quality to enable complex behavior compounded by discrete entities. I will also discuss how deep-behavioral phenotyping and individualized models applied to neuroimaging data can better account for the subject-specific organization of domain-general cognitive systems in the human brain. Finally, the accumulation of functional brain signatures brings the possibility to clarify relationships among tasks and create a univocal link between brain systems and mental functions through: (1) the development of ontologies proposing an organization of cognitive processes; and (2) brain-network taxonomies describing functional specialization. To this end, tools to improve commensurability in cognitive science are necessary, such as public repositories, ontology-based platforms and automated meta-analysis tools. I will thus discuss some brain-atlasing resources currently under development, and their applicability in cognitive as well as clinical neuroscience.
Nutraceutical market, scope and growth: Herbal drug technologyLokesh Patil
As consumer awareness of health and wellness rises, the nutraceutical market—which includes goods like functional meals, drinks, and dietary supplements that provide health advantages beyond basic nutrition—is growing significantly. As healthcare expenses rise, the population ages, and people want natural and preventative health solutions more and more, this industry is increasing quickly. Further driving market expansion are product formulation innovations and the use of cutting-edge technology for customized nutrition. With its worldwide reach, the nutraceutical industry is expected to keep growing and provide significant chances for research and investment in a number of categories, including vitamins, minerals, probiotics, and herbal supplements.
Observation of Io’s Resurfacing via Plume Deposition Using Ground-based Adapt...Sérgio Sacani
Since volcanic activity was first discovered on Io from Voyager images in 1979, changes
on Io’s surface have been monitored from both spacecraft and ground-based telescopes.
Here, we present the highest spatial resolution images of Io ever obtained from a groundbased telescope. These images, acquired by the SHARK-VIS instrument on the Large
Binocular Telescope, show evidence of a major resurfacing event on Io’s trailing hemisphere. When compared to the most recent spacecraft images, the SHARK-VIS images
show that a plume deposit from a powerful eruption at Pillan Patera has covered part
of the long-lived Pele plume deposit. Although this type of resurfacing event may be common on Io, few have been detected due to the rarity of spacecraft visits and the previously low spatial resolution available from Earth-based telescopes. The SHARK-VIS instrument ushers in a new era of high resolution imaging of Io’s surface using adaptive
optics at visible wavelengths.
Comparing Evolved Extractive Text Summary Scores of Bidirectional Encoder Rep...University of Maribor
Slides from:
11th International Conference on Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering (IcETRAN), Niš, 3-6 June 2024
Track: Artificial Intelligence
https://www.etran.rs/2024/en/home-english/
DERIVATION OF MODIFIED BERNOULLI EQUATION WITH VISCOUS EFFECTS AND TERMINAL V...Wasswaderrick3
In this book, we use conservation of energy techniques on a fluid element to derive the Modified Bernoulli equation of flow with viscous or friction effects. We derive the general equation of flow/ velocity and then from this we derive the Pouiselle flow equation, the transition flow equation and the turbulent flow equation. In the situations where there are no viscous effects , the equation reduces to the Bernoulli equation. From experimental results, we are able to include other terms in the Bernoulli equation. We also look at cases where pressure gradients exist. We use the Modified Bernoulli equation to derive equations of flow rate for pipes of different cross sectional areas connected together. We also extend our techniques of energy conservation to a sphere falling in a viscous medium under the effect of gravity. We demonstrate Stokes equation of terminal velocity and turbulent flow equation. We look at a way of calculating the time taken for a body to fall in a viscous medium. We also look at the general equation of terminal velocity.
Salas, V. (2024) "John of St. Thomas (Poinsot) on the Science of Sacred Theol...Studia Poinsotiana
I Introduction
II Subalternation and Theology
III Theology and Dogmatic Declarations
IV The Mixed Principles of Theology
V Virtual Revelation: The Unity of Theology
VI Theology as a Natural Science
VII Theology’s Certitude
VIII Conclusion
Notes
Bibliography
All the contents are fully attributable to the author, Doctor Victor Salas. Should you wish to get this text republished, get in touch with the author or the editorial committee of the Studia Poinsotiana. Insofar as possible, we will be happy to broker your contact.
Professional air quality monitoring systems provide immediate, on-site data for analysis, compliance, and decision-making.
Monitor common gases, weather parameters, particulates.
(May 29th, 2024) Advancements in Intravital Microscopy- Insights for Preclini...Scintica Instrumentation
Intravital microscopy (IVM) is a powerful tool utilized to study cellular behavior over time and space in vivo. Much of our understanding of cell biology has been accomplished using various in vitro and ex vivo methods; however, these studies do not necessarily reflect the natural dynamics of biological processes. Unlike traditional cell culture or fixed tissue imaging, IVM allows for the ultra-fast high-resolution imaging of cellular processes over time and space and were studied in its natural environment. Real-time visualization of biological processes in the context of an intact organism helps maintain physiological relevance and provide insights into the progression of disease, response to treatments or developmental processes.
In this webinar we give an overview of advanced applications of the IVM system in preclinical research. IVIM technology is a provider of all-in-one intravital microscopy systems and solutions optimized for in vivo imaging of live animal models at sub-micron resolution. The system’s unique features and user-friendly software enables researchers to probe fast dynamic biological processes such as immune cell tracking, cell-cell interaction as well as vascularization and tumor metastasis with exceptional detail. This webinar will also give an overview of IVM being utilized in drug development, offering a view into the intricate interaction between drugs/nanoparticles and tissues in vivo and allows for the evaluation of therapeutic intervention in a variety of tissues and organs. This interdisciplinary collaboration continues to drive the advancements of novel therapeutic strategies.
North Atlantic fucoids in the light of global warming
1. Introduction Distributional changes Acclimation Adaptation Conclusions
North Atlantic fucoids in the light of global
warming
Alexander Jueterbock
Alexander-Jueterbock@web.de
Marine Ecology Research Group
Nord University
Norway
65th Annual meeting of the
British Phycological Society
11-13 Jan 2017
@AJueterbock North Atlantic fucoids in the light of global warming 1 / 57
2. Introduction Distributional changes Acclimation Adaptation Conclusions
Contributors
Galice Hoarau
Irina Smolina
Jorge Fernandes
James A. Coyer
Spyros Kollias
Jeanine L. Olsen
Heroen Verbruggen Lennert Tyberghein
Havkyst projects: 196505, 203839, 216484
@AJueterbock North Atlantic fucoids in the light of global warming 2 / 57
3. Introduction Distributional changes Acclimation Adaptation Conclusions
CO2 increase since the industrial revolution
@AJueterbock North Atlantic fucoids in the light of global warming 3 / 57
4. Introduction Distributional changes Acclimation Adaptation Conclusions
Recent land and ocean warming
Christiansen, J., 2013, Scientific American
@AJueterbock North Atlantic fucoids in the light of global warming 4 / 57
5. Introduction Distributional changes Acclimation Adaptation Conclusions
Climate change responses
..
Temperature
rise
.
Heat waves
.
Seasonality
shi
.
Ocean
acidifica on
.
Migra on
.
Acclima on
.
Adapta on
.
Species
@AJueterbock North Atlantic fucoids in the light of global warming 5 / 57
6. Introduction Distributional changes Acclimation Adaptation Conclusions
High sensitivity of intertidal species
@AJueterbock North Atlantic fucoids in the light of global warming 6 / 57
8. Introduction Distributional changes Acclimation Adaptation Conclusions
Carbon sequestration of 173 TgC yr-1
@AJueterbock North Atlantic fucoids in the light of global warming 7 / 57
9. Introduction Distributional changes Acclimation Adaptation Conclusions
Carbon sequestration of 173 TgC yr-1
Krause-Jensen and Duarte, 2016, Nature Geoscience
@AJueterbock North Atlantic fucoids in the light of global warming 7 / 57
10. Introduction Distributional changes Acclimation Adaptation Conclusions
Temperate seaweed distribution limited by the
10 summer and the 20 winter isotherm
@AJueterbock North Atlantic fucoids in the light of global warming 8 / 57
11. Introduction Distributional changes Acclimation Adaptation Conclusions
Predicting seaweed range shifts under climate change
..
Migra on
.
Acclima on
.
Adapta on
.Inter dal
seaweed
Predominant seaweeds in the North-Atlantic
Temperate Arctic
Fucus serratus Fucus
vesiculosus
Ascophyllum
nodosum
Fucus distichus
Shores with biggest ecological change?
@AJueterbock North Atlantic fucoids in the light of global warming 9 / 57
12. Introduction Distributional changes Acclimation Adaptation Conclusions
Ecological Niche Modeling
Present-day conditions
Bio-ORACLE database
Tyberghein et al., 2012, Global Ecology and Biogeography.
Georeferenced Occurrences
DA (m−1)
SST ( )
SAT ( )
Ecological Niche Model (Maxent Phillips et al., 2006, Ecological Modelling)
2000 2100 ? 2200 ?
@AJueterbock North Atlantic fucoids in the light of global warming 10 / 57
13. Introduction Distributional changes Acclimation Adaptation Conclusions
Range-limiting factors
Species Range-limiting factors
TEMPERATEREGIONARCTICREGION
Fucus serratus
Fucus vesiculosus
Ascophyllum nodosum
Fucus distichus
MinimumSST(°C)MeanSST(°C)MaximumSST(°C)MeanSAT(°C)
Min.Diff.Atten.(m−1
)MeanSalinity(PSU)MeanNitrate(µmoll−1
)Min.Chlorophyll(mg/m3
)MeanCalcite(mol/m3
)@AJueterbock North Atlantic fucoids in the light of global warming 11 / 57
14. Introduction Distributional changes Acclimation Adaptation Conclusions
Ecological Niche Modeling
Present-day conditions
Bio-ORACLE database
Tyberghein et al., 2012, Global Ecology and Biogeography.
Georeferenced Occurrences
DA (m−1)
SST ( )
SAT ( )
Ecological Niche Model (Maxent Phillips et al., 2006, Ecological Modelling)
2000 2100 ? 2200 ?
CO2 emission scenario changes
SST ( )
SAT ( )
SST ( )
SAT ( )
@AJueterbock North Atlantic fucoids in the light of global warming 12 / 57
15. Introduction Distributional changes Acclimation Adaptation Conclusions
Predicted Niche Shifts until 2200
Based on the intermediate IPCC scenario A1B
Fucus serratus Fucus vesiculosus Ascophyllum nodosum
Fucus distichus
Jueterbock et al., 2013, Ecology and Evolution; Jueterbock et al., 2016, Ecology and Evolution
@AJueterbock North Atlantic fucoids in the light of global warming 13 / 57
16. Introduction Distributional changes Acclimation Adaptation Conclusions
Conclusions from prediced niche shifts
..
Migra on
.
Acclima on
.
Adapta on
.Inter dal
seaweed
Biggest ecological change in
Arctic and warm temperate areas
@AJueterbock North Atlantic fucoids in the light of global warming 14 / 57
17. Introduction Distributional changes Acclimation Adaptation Conclusions
Conclusions from prediced niche shifts
..
Migra on
.
Acclima on
.
Adapta on
.Inter dal
seaweed
Biggest ecological change in
Arctic and warm temperate areas
Increasing diversity of intertidal
fucoids
Hybridization
@AJueterbock North Atlantic fucoids in the light of global warming 14 / 57
18. Introduction Distributional changes Acclimation Adaptation Conclusions
Hybrid zones of Fucus serratus and Fucus distichus
Hybridization and introgression decreased with increasing duration
of sympatry due to gametic incompatibility
Hoarau et al., 2015, Royal Society Open Science
@AJueterbock North Atlantic fucoids in the light of global warming 15 / 57
19. Introduction Distributional changes Acclimation Adaptation Conclusions
Conclusions from prediced niche shifts
..
Migra on
.
Acclima on
.
Adapta on
.Inter dal
seaweed
Biggest ecological change in
Arctic and warm temperate areas
Habitat loss predicted also for subtidal
kelp species
Laminaria digitata and L. hyperborea
Assis et al., 2016, Marine Environmental Research;
Raybaud et al., 2013, PLOS ONE
@AJueterbock North Atlantic fucoids in the light of global warming 16 / 57
20. Introduction Distributional changes Acclimation Adaptation Conclusions
Loss of canopy-forming seaweeds in
warm-temperate regions
Brodie et al., 2014, Ecology and Evolution
@AJueterbock North Atlantic fucoids in the light of global warming 17 / 57
21. Introduction Distributional changes Acclimation Adaptation Conclusions
Integrative niche modeling
Future
distribution
Niche modeling
Phenotypic
plasticity
Adaptation
Dispersal
Biotic
interactions
Eco- evolutionary responding potential
Present-day occurrence
Heat shock response Outlier loci
Occurrence records Environmental conditions
Stable realized niche
Niche shift/evolution
Mitigation of habitat-loss
Increased invasive potential
@AJueterbock North Atlantic fucoids in the light of global warming 18 / 57
22. Introduction Distributional changes Acclimation Adaptation Conclusions
Integrative niche modeling
Future
distribution
Niche modeling
Phenotypic
plasticity
Adaptation
Dispersal
Biotic
interactions
Eco- evolutionary responding potential
Present-day occurrence
Heat shock response Outlier loci
Occurrence records Environmental conditions
Stable realized niche
Niche shift/evolution
Mitigation of habitat-loss
Increased invasive potential
@AJueterbock North Atlantic fucoids in the light of global warming 18 / 57
23. Introduction Distributional changes Acclimation Adaptation Conclusions
Model resolution too low to identify upwelling regions
Lourenço et al., 2016, Journal of Biogeography
Upwelling regions along shores of
SW-Iberia and NW-Africa are
climate change refugia for
F. guiryi
Lourenço et al., 2016, Journal of Biogeography.
@AJueterbock North Atlantic fucoids in the light of global warming 19 / 57
24. Introduction Distributional changes Acclimation Adaptation Conclusions
Integrative niche modeling
Future
distribution
Niche modeling
Phenotypic
plasticity
Adaptation
Dispersal
Biotic
interactions
Eco- evolutionary responding potential
Present-day occurrence
Heat shock response Outlier loci
Occurrence records Environmental conditions
Stable realized niche
Niche shift/evolution
Mitigation of habitat-loss
Increased invasive potential
@AJueterbock North Atlantic fucoids in the light of global warming 20 / 57
25. Introduction Distributional changes Acclimation Adaptation Conclusions
Biotic interactions
Increasing mussel recruitment due to rising sea temperatures
replaces rockweed (A. nodosum) beds in Canada
Ugarte et al., 2009, Journal of Applied Phycology
@AJueterbock North Atlantic fucoids in the light of global warming 21 / 57
26. Introduction Distributional changes Acclimation Adaptation Conclusions
Integrative niche modeling
Future
distribution
Niche modeling
Phenotypic
plasticity
Adaptation
Dispersal
Biotic
interactions
Eco- evolutionary responding potential
Present-day occurrence
Heat shock response Outlier loci
Occurrence records Environmental conditions
Stable realized niche
Niche shift/evolution
Mitigation of habitat-loss
Increased invasive potential
@AJueterbock North Atlantic fucoids in the light of global warming 22 / 57
27. Introduction Distributional changes Acclimation Adaptation Conclusions
Dispersal and invasive potential
Zygote dispersal: <10m
Flotation vesicles
Fucus vesiculosus
Ascophyllum nodosum
low invasive potential
Shipping transport
Fucus serratus
@AJueterbock North Atlantic fucoids in the light of global warming 23 / 57
28. Introduction Distributional changes Acclimation Adaptation Conclusions
Integrative niche modeling
Future
distribution
Niche modeling
Phenotypic
plasticity
Adaptation
Dispersal
Biotic
interactions
Eco- evolutionary responding potential
Present-day occurrence
Heat shock response Outlier loci
Occurrence records Environmental conditions
Stable realized niche
Niche shift/evolution
Mitigation of habitat-loss
Increased invasive potential
@AJueterbock North Atlantic fucoids in the light of global warming 24 / 57
29. Introduction Distributional changes Acclimation Adaptation Conclusions
Dark period
Poleward shift of Laminaria hyperborea in progress
Müller et al., 2009, Botanica Marina
Recent records
Hiscock, K.
@AJueterbock North Atlantic fucoids in the light of global warming 25 / 57
30. Introduction Distributional changes Acclimation Adaptation Conclusions
Integrative niche modeling
Future
distribution
Niche modeling
Phenotypic
plasticity
Adaptation
Dispersal
Biotic
interactions
Eco- evolutionary responding potential
Present-day occurrence
Heat shock response Outlier loci
Occurrence records Environmental conditions
Stable realized niche
Niche shift/evolution
Mitigation of habitat-loss
Increased invasive potential
@AJueterbock North Atlantic fucoids in the light of global warming 26 / 57
31. Introduction Distributional changes Acclimation Adaptation Conclusions
Acclimation potential of Fucus serratus
..
Migra on
.
Acclima on
.
Adapta on
.Fucus
serratus
Local thermal adaptation?
Areas under highest extinction risk?
@AJueterbock North Atlantic fucoids in the light of global warming 27 / 57
32. Introduction Distributional changes Acclimation Adaptation Conclusions
Common-garden heat stress experiments
Norway
Denmark
Brittany
Spain
@AJueterbock North Atlantic fucoids in the light of global warming 28 / 57
33. Introduction Distributional changes Acclimation Adaptation Conclusions
Common-garden heat stress experiments
Norway
Denmark
Brittany
Spain
Bodø
@AJueterbock North Atlantic fucoids in the light of global warming 28 / 57
34. Introduction Distributional changes Acclimation Adaptation Conclusions
Common-garden heat stress experiments
Norway
Denmark
Brittany
Spain
Bodø
Acclimation at 9
@AJueterbock North Atlantic fucoids in the light of global warming 28 / 57
35. Introduction Distributional changes Acclimation Adaptation Conclusions
Common garden heat stress experiments
Heat stress, 6 ind./pop
Measurements
Photosynthetic performance
hsp gene expression (hsp70, hsp90, shsp)
1h Stress 24h Recovery
9
20
24
28
32
36
T ()
Time
@AJueterbock North Atlantic fucoids in the light of global warming 29 / 57
36. Introduction Distributional changes Acclimation Adaptation Conclusions
Photosynthetic performance
0 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32 36
Norway
Denmark
Brittany
Spain
Thermal range in year 2200
Measured response
Jueterbock et al., 2014, Marine Genomics
@AJueterbock North Atlantic fucoids in the light of global warming 30 / 57
37. Introduction Distributional changes Acclimation Adaptation Conclusions
Photosynthetic performance
0 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32 36
Norway
Denmark
Brittany
Spain
Thermal range in year 2200
Measured response
1
Jueterbock et al., 2014, Marine Genomics
@AJueterbock North Atlantic fucoids in the light of global warming 30 / 57
38. Introduction Distributional changes Acclimation Adaptation Conclusions
Photosynthetic performance
0 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32 36
Norway
Denmark
Brittany
Spain
Thermal range in year 2200
Measured response
1
1. Performance
in 2200
Jueterbock et al., 2014, Marine Genomics
@AJueterbock North Atlantic fucoids in the light of global warming 30 / 57
39. Introduction Distributional changes Acclimation Adaptation Conclusions
Photosynthetic performance
0 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32 36
Norway
Denmark
Brittany
Spain
Thermal range in year 2200
Measured response
1
1. Performance
in 2200
2
2. Resilience
Jueterbock et al., 2014, Marine Genomics
@AJueterbock North Atlantic fucoids in the light of global warming 30 / 57
40. Introduction Distributional changes Acclimation Adaptation Conclusions
Heat shock response
Constitutive shsp gene expression before heat shock
23 weeks acclimation
7 weeks acclimation
Normalizedexpression
High constitutive
stress
Norway
Denmark
Brittany
Spain
Jueterbock et al., 2014, Marine Genomics
@AJueterbock North Atlantic fucoids in the light of global warming 31 / 57
41. Introduction Distributional changes Acclimation Adaptation Conclusions
Heat shock response
Constitutive shsp gene expression before heat shock
23 weeks acclimation
7 weeks acclimation
Normalizedexpression
High constitutive
stress
Norway
Denmark
Brittany
Spain
Heat shock response of shsp gene expression after 24h recovery
Foldchange
Reduced
responsiveness
Norway
Denmark
Brittany
Spain
Jueterbock et al., 2014, Marine Genomics
@AJueterbock North Atlantic fucoids in the light of global warming 31 / 57
42. Introduction Distributional changes Acclimation Adaptation Conclusions
Conclusions
Acclimation
..
Migra on
.
Acclima on
.
Adapta on
.Fucus
serratus
Local thermal adaptation
@AJueterbock North Atlantic fucoids in the light of global warming 32 / 57
43. Introduction Distributional changes Acclimation Adaptation Conclusions
Acclimation potential of Fucus distichus
Responsiveness also reduced towards the south
Smolina et al., 2016, Royal Society Open Science
@AJueterbock North Atlantic fucoids in the light of global warming 33 / 57
44. Introduction Distributional changes Acclimation Adaptation Conclusions
Conclusions
Acclimation
..
Migra on
.
Acclima on
.
Adapta on
.Fucus
serratus
Areas under highest extinction risk?
Brittany and Spain
Confirms predicted habitat loss
Jueterbock et al., 2013, Ecology
@AJueterbock North Atlantic fucoids in the light of global warming 34 / 57
47. Introduction Distributional changes Acclimation Adaptation Conclusions
Threatened refugial populations
Ice cover during the Last Glacial Maximum (18-20 kya)
@AJueterbock North Atlantic fucoids in the light of global warming 36 / 57
48. Introduction Distributional changes Acclimation Adaptation Conclusions
Genetically diverse refugia under threat
Fucus serratus
Glacial refugia identified by mtDNA haplotype diversity
Hoarau et al., 2007, Molecular Ecology Notes
@AJueterbock North Atlantic fucoids in the light of global warming 37 / 57
49. Introduction Distributional changes Acclimation Adaptation Conclusions
1,250 km northward shift of Fucus vesiculosus
and loss of distinct genetic variation
Nicastro et al., 2013, BMC Biology
Loss of southern lineages means
loss of increased heat stress
tolerance
Saada et al., 2016, Diversity and Distributions
@AJueterbock North Atlantic fucoids in the light of global warming 38 / 57
50. Introduction Distributional changes Acclimation Adaptation Conclusions
Genetic diversity increases stress tolerance
Low diversity decreases survival in Fucus vesiculosus offspring
adjusted from Al-Janabi et al., 2016, Marine Biology
@AJueterbock North Atlantic fucoids in the light of global warming 39 / 57
51. Introduction Distributional changes Acclimation Adaptation Conclusions
Remaining key question
Can ancient refugial populations
adapt to climate change
or
will temperate seaweeds
lose their centers of genetic diversity?
@AJueterbock North Atlantic fucoids in the light of global warming 40 / 57
52. Introduction Distributional changes Acclimation Adaptation Conclusions
Adaptation
..
Migra on
.
Acclima on
.
Adapta on
.Fucus
serratus
Effective population size Ne? Genetic changes (past 10 yrs)?
@AJueterbock North Atlantic fucoids in the light of global warming 41 / 57
53. Introduction Distributional changes Acclimation Adaptation Conclusions
Sampling scheme (50–75 ind./pop)
∼ 2000 ∼ 2010
Spatial(environmental)effects
Temporal changes
1 decade
of selection
@AJueterbock North Atlantic fucoids in the light of global warming 42 / 57
54. Introduction Distributional changes Acclimation Adaptation Conclusions
Methods and analysis
∼ 2000 ∼ 2010
Spatial(environmental)effects
Temporal changes
1 decade
of selection
Genotyping
31 microsatellite markers (20 EST-linked)
Analysis
Effective population size (Ne)
Allelic richness (α)
Temporal outlier loci
@AJueterbock North Atlantic fucoids in the light of global warming 43 / 57
55. Introduction Distributional changes Acclimation Adaptation Conclusions
Methods and analysis
∼ 2000 ∼ 2010
Spatial(environmental)effects
Temporal changes
1 decade
of selection
Genotyping
31 microsatellite markers (20 EST-linked)
Analysis
Effective population size (Ne)
Allelic richness (α)
Temporal outlier loci
@AJueterbock North Atlantic fucoids in the light of global warming 44 / 57
56. Introduction Distributional changes Acclimation Adaptation Conclusions
Effective population size Ne
Reflecting adaptive capacity
∼ 2000 ∼ 2010
18
63
207
23
Norway
Denmark
Brittany
Spain
32
61
210
26
Estimates excluding outlier loci
Jueterbock, 2013
@AJueterbock North Atlantic fucoids in the light of global warming 45 / 57
57. Introduction Distributional changes Acclimation Adaptation Conclusions
Methods
∼ 2000 ∼ 2010
Spatial(environmental)effects
Temporal changes
1 decade
of selection
Genotyping
31 microsatellite markers (20 EST-linked)
Analysis
Effective population size (Ne)
Allelic richness (α)
Temporal outlier loci
@AJueterbock North Atlantic fucoids in the light of global warming 46 / 57
58. Introduction Distributional changes Acclimation Adaptation Conclusions
Changes in allelic richness
∼ 2000 ∼ 2010
3.1
4.6
8.0
4.0
Norway
Denmark
Brittany
Spain
3.3
4.8
7.9
4.6
Significant
decline
Jueterbock, 2013
@AJueterbock North Atlantic fucoids in the light of global warming 47 / 57
59. Introduction Distributional changes Acclimation Adaptation Conclusions
Methods
∼ 2000 ∼ 2010
Spatial(environmental)effects
Temporal changes
1 decade
of selection
Genotyping
31 microsatellite markers (20 EST-linked)
Analysis
Effective population size (Ne)
Allelic richness (α)
Genetic differentiation (Dest)
Temporal outlier loci
@AJueterbock North Atlantic fucoids in the light of global warming 48 / 57
60. Introduction Distributional changes Acclimation Adaptation Conclusions
Outlier loci
Temporal outlier loci
0%
6%
23%
13%
Norway
Denmark
Brittany
Spain
Strongest selection pressure in the South
Adaptive to climate change?
Jueterbock, 2013
@AJueterbock North Atlantic fucoids in the light of global warming 49 / 57
61. Introduction Distributional changes Acclimation Adaptation Conclusions
Conclusions
Adaptation
..
Migra on
.
Acclima on
.
Adapta on
.Fucus
serratus
Adaptive responsiveness
highest in Brittany
and likely insufficient in Spain
@AJueterbock North Atlantic fucoids in the light of global warming 50 / 57
62. Introduction Distributional changes Acclimation Adaptation Conclusions
Brown algal genome sequencing projects
De novo Fucus vesiculosus genome, part of IMAGO Marine
Genome project (University of Gothenburg, Sweden)
Sequencing of some 30 brown algal genomes, including Fucus
spp. (Roscoff Research Station, France)
@AJueterbock North Atlantic fucoids in the light of global warming 51 / 57
63. Introduction Distributional changes Acclimation Adaptation Conclusions
Remaining questions and future directions
Can microbiome and epigenetic variation contribute to rapid
adaptation?
@AJueterbock North Atlantic fucoids in the light of global warming 52 / 57
64. Introduction Distributional changes Acclimation Adaptation Conclusions
Adaptive role of the seaweed microbiome
Microorganisms
provide functions related to host health and defense
facilitated acclimation of Ectocarpus to fresh water (Dittami
et al., 2015)
Egan et al., 2013, FEMS microbiology reviews
@AJueterbock North Atlantic fucoids in the light of global warming 53 / 57
65. Introduction Distributional changes Acclimation Adaptation Conclusions
Epigenetic modifications add
a level of variation to the genome
Allis et al., 2015
@AJueterbock North Atlantic fucoids in the light of global warming 54 / 57
66. Introduction Distributional changes Acclimation Adaptation Conclusions
Compensation for absence of genetic variation
DNA-methylation variation increased productivity and stability in
Arabidoposis thaliana
Latzel et al., 2013, Nature communications
Unclear if DNA-methylation exists in brown algae
@AJueterbock North Atlantic fucoids in the light of global warming 55 / 57
67. Introduction Distributional changes Acclimation Adaptation Conclusions
Summary
..
Migra on
.
Acclima on
.
Adapta on
.Fucus
serratus
Highest responsiveness
in Brittany
Adaptive value remains unknown
Seaweed meadows:
Loss in warm-
temperate regions
Arctic invasion?
Ancient refugia
under threat:
stress in Brittany
Extinction risk in Spain
@AJueterbock North Atlantic fucoids in the light of global warming 56 / 57
68. Introduction Distributional changes Acclimation Adaptation Conclusions
Remaining key questions
Adaptation or acclimation to Arctic dark periods?
Adaptation or extinction in genetically diverse ancient glacial
refugia?
Role of epigenetics and microbiome for rapid adaptation?
@AJueterbock North Atlantic fucoids in the light of global warming 57 / 57
69. References
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70. References
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71. References
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JL Olsen, et al. (2014). “Thermal stress resistance of the brown
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Smolina, I, S Kollias, A Jueterbock, JA Coyer, and G Hoarau
(2016). “Variation in thermal stress response in two populations
of the brown seaweed, Fucus distichus, from the Arctic and
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Viejo, RM, B Mart’inez, J Arrontes, C Astudillo, and
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79. References
Temporal outlier loci indicate selective sweeps
Before Selection After Selection
Selective Sweep
based on Vitti et al., 2012, Trends in Genetics
@AJueterbock North Atlantic fucoids in the light of global warming 11 / 11