Rising ocean temperatures, interfering with kelp reproduction, development and growth, have already devastating effects on natural kelp forests that have vanished in multiple regions after extreme summer heat waves. Moreover, increasing temperatures are likely to decrease biomass production and, thus, to reduce production security of farmed kelp. For
the kelp Alaria esculenta it has been shown that lethal thermal lmits of gametophytes, and the overall growth of sporophytes can be enhanced via thermal acclimation/priming. The
main objective of our study was to identify the importance of the methylome of the kelp Saccharina latissima for temperature acclimation. Methylation marks have been shown to be partly stable across generations, and, thus, are good epigenetic candidates in providing long-term acclimation to environmental challenges. While the first methylome of brown macroalgae has been recently described in Saccharina japonica, its functional relevance and contribution to environmental acclimation is currently unknown. We characterized the methylome in sporophyte cultures of S. latissima from Germany and Norway
(Labsamples), raised at 5°C, 10°C, and 15°C, and in adult ‘wild’ sporophytes from the same locations (Fieldsamples) using a methylation-sensitive restriction enzyme followed by Next Generation Sequencing of the digested fragments. Based on a Principal Component Analysis, the samples separated into distinct Lab- and Field-clusters, independent of their origin or treatment. This suggests that laboratory conditions have
strong effects on the methylome and, thus, putatively, on the epigenetically controlled characteristics of the kelp sporophytes. Methylation levels increased with increasing temperature. A more detailed analysis on the genomic regions affected by methylome the different methylome patterns will reveal potential functional consequences at the level of gene-regulation. This is a first step to understand whether DNA methylation marks may be used as biological regulators (via their effect on gene regulation) that allow to enhance production security and kelp restoration success under rising temperatures.
Stephen A. Boyd, University Distinguished Professor, Crop and Soil Sciences; Hui Li, associate professor, Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences; Brian J. Teppen, professor, Crop and Soil Sciences; Wei Zhang, assistant professor, Plant Soil and Microbial Sciences;
Plants do not have a brain or neuronal network, but reactions within signalling pathways may provide a biochemical basis for learning and memory in addition to computation and problem solving.
It Possessing the fitness of plants in response to different environmental stimuli and stress
Higher stability of ecosystems than previously expected may be ecological stress memory at the single plant level.
Stress induced protein, metabolite and epigenetic modification regulates the short term and trans generation stress memory
Identifying molecular mechanism , signaling and plant behavior toward various abiotic and biotic stress is necessary to produce stable crop under climate change.
During III semester of Ph.D. program, I presented on a topic- Signal Transduction – Salicylic Acid Pathway. The Salicylic acid plays the role in induction of flowering, in disease resistance (HR, SAR activation). In this presentation, I have tried to explain complex pathway of salicylic acid production during the signal tranduction.
Stephen A. Boyd, University Distinguished Professor, Crop and Soil Sciences; Hui Li, associate professor, Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences; Brian J. Teppen, professor, Crop and Soil Sciences; Wei Zhang, assistant professor, Plant Soil and Microbial Sciences;
Plants do not have a brain or neuronal network, but reactions within signalling pathways may provide a biochemical basis for learning and memory in addition to computation and problem solving.
It Possessing the fitness of plants in response to different environmental stimuli and stress
Higher stability of ecosystems than previously expected may be ecological stress memory at the single plant level.
Stress induced protein, metabolite and epigenetic modification regulates the short term and trans generation stress memory
Identifying molecular mechanism , signaling and plant behavior toward various abiotic and biotic stress is necessary to produce stable crop under climate change.
During III semester of Ph.D. program, I presented on a topic- Signal Transduction – Salicylic Acid Pathway. The Salicylic acid plays the role in induction of flowering, in disease resistance (HR, SAR activation). In this presentation, I have tried to explain complex pathway of salicylic acid production during the signal tranduction.
Understanding the molecular differences in plant genotypes contrasting for heat sensitivity can provide useful insights into the mechanisms that confer heat tolerance in plants. This study focuses on comparative physiological and proteomic analyses of heat-sensitive (ICC16374) and heat-tolerant (JG14) genotypes of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) under heat stress impositions at anthesis. Under the current scenario of climate change, this study is important to enhance our understanding of the adaptation strategies in chickpea genotypes.
Thermal stability of two xylanases from Macrotermes subhyalinus little soldie...INNS PUBNET
The knowledge on thermal inactivation kinetics of enzymes is necessary to allow their adequate utilization as natural biopreservatives in the food industry and technology applications. In this work, the kinetics of thermal inactivation was studied for the previously purified and characterized xylanases Xyl1 and Xyl2 from Macrotermes subhyalinus little soldier. Samples of xylanases were treated at different time-temperature combinations in the range of 5-60 min at 50-65°C and the kinetic and thermodynamic parameters for xylanases were calculated. The inactivation kinetic follows a first-order reaction with k-values between 0.0192 ± 0.0002 to 0.0405 ± 0.0003 and 0.0119 ± 0.0005 to 0.0418 ± 0.0004 min-1 for Xyl1 and Xyl2, respectively. Activation energy (Ea) and Z-values were estimated to 48.08 ± 1.84 kJ mol-1 and 43.47 ± 3.02°C for Xyl1, 75.52 ± 3.52 kJ.mol-1 and 27.77 ± 1.87°C for Xyl2. The catalytic reactions of both xylanases are endothermic due to positive enthalpy. The high value obtained for the variation in enthalpy of activation indicates that a high amount of energy is required to initiate denaturation, probably due to the molecular conformation of xylanases. All results suggest that both xylanases are relatively resistant to long heat treatments up to 50°C.
Being sessile, plants are constantly exposed to changes in temperature and other abiotic stress factors. The temperature stress experienced by plants can be classified into three types: those occurring at (a) temperature below freezing (b) low temperature above freezing and (c) high temperature. The plants must adapt to them in other ways. The biological substances that are deeply related to these stresses, such as heat shock proteins, glycine betaine as a compatible solute, membrane lipids etc.and also detoxifiers of active oxygen species, contribute to temperature stress tolerance in plants. Rapid advances in Molecular Genetic approaches have enabled genes to be cloned, both from prokaryotes and directly from plants themselves, that are thought to provide the key to the mechanism of temperature adaptation (Iba et al., 2002).
The accumulation of heat shock proteins under the control of heat stress transcription factors is assumed to play a central role in the heat stress response and in acquired thermotolerance in plants (Kotak et al., 2007). The pattern of protein synthesis during cold acclimation is very dissimilar to the heat shock proteins in many ways. Different low temperature stress proteins, such as Anti-freeze proteins or thermal hysteresis proteins (THPs) and cold shock domain proteins etc. are accumulated in plant cell and are frequently correlated with enhanced cold tolerance ( Guy, 1999).
The heat stress-induced dehydrin proteins (DHNs) expression and their relationship with the water relations of sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.) leaves were studied to investigate the adaptation to heat stress in plants (Wahid and Close, 2007). In order to get an in vitro evidence of Hsc70 functioning as a molecular chaperone during cold stress, a cold-inducible spinach cytosolic Hsc70 was subcloned into a protein expression vector and the recombinant protein was expressed in bacterial cells. Results suggest that the molecular chaperone Hsc70 may have a functional role in plants during low temperature stress (Zhang and Guy, 2006). To analyze the least and most strongly interacting stress with Hsps and Hsfs, a transcriptional profiling of Arabidopsis Hsps and Hsfs has been done (Swindell et al., 2007).
As plants receive complex of stress factors together, therefore in future research, emphasis should be placed on such cases where tolerance is attempted to different stress factors simultaneously by employing sophisticated techniques.
Cold treatment had significant effect on specific process of plant photosynthesis.
significant degree of overlapping exists between metabolic alterations induced by, and/or in response to cold and heat short-term challenge.
chloroplast and also plasma membrane/cytoskeleton were confirmed as early targets for temperature injury.
Cold and heat influenced photosynthesis in opposition.
major components of the early response to temperature stress are HSPs
detoxification of ROS relied preferentially on the induction of GST under both cold or heat stress.
Understanding the molecular differences in plant genotypes contrasting for heat sensitivity can provide useful insights into the mechanisms that confer heat tolerance in plants. This study focuses on comparative physiological and proteomic analyses of heat-sensitive (ICC16374) and heat-tolerant (JG14) genotypes of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) under heat stress impositions at anthesis. Under the current scenario of climate change, this study is important to enhance our understanding of the adaptation strategies in chickpea genotypes.
Thermal stability of two xylanases from Macrotermes subhyalinus little soldie...INNS PUBNET
The knowledge on thermal inactivation kinetics of enzymes is necessary to allow their adequate utilization as natural biopreservatives in the food industry and technology applications. In this work, the kinetics of thermal inactivation was studied for the previously purified and characterized xylanases Xyl1 and Xyl2 from Macrotermes subhyalinus little soldier. Samples of xylanases were treated at different time-temperature combinations in the range of 5-60 min at 50-65°C and the kinetic and thermodynamic parameters for xylanases were calculated. The inactivation kinetic follows a first-order reaction with k-values between 0.0192 ± 0.0002 to 0.0405 ± 0.0003 and 0.0119 ± 0.0005 to 0.0418 ± 0.0004 min-1 for Xyl1 and Xyl2, respectively. Activation energy (Ea) and Z-values were estimated to 48.08 ± 1.84 kJ mol-1 and 43.47 ± 3.02°C for Xyl1, 75.52 ± 3.52 kJ.mol-1 and 27.77 ± 1.87°C for Xyl2. The catalytic reactions of both xylanases are endothermic due to positive enthalpy. The high value obtained for the variation in enthalpy of activation indicates that a high amount of energy is required to initiate denaturation, probably due to the molecular conformation of xylanases. All results suggest that both xylanases are relatively resistant to long heat treatments up to 50°C.
Being sessile, plants are constantly exposed to changes in temperature and other abiotic stress factors. The temperature stress experienced by plants can be classified into three types: those occurring at (a) temperature below freezing (b) low temperature above freezing and (c) high temperature. The plants must adapt to them in other ways. The biological substances that are deeply related to these stresses, such as heat shock proteins, glycine betaine as a compatible solute, membrane lipids etc.and also detoxifiers of active oxygen species, contribute to temperature stress tolerance in plants. Rapid advances in Molecular Genetic approaches have enabled genes to be cloned, both from prokaryotes and directly from plants themselves, that are thought to provide the key to the mechanism of temperature adaptation (Iba et al., 2002).
The accumulation of heat shock proteins under the control of heat stress transcription factors is assumed to play a central role in the heat stress response and in acquired thermotolerance in plants (Kotak et al., 2007). The pattern of protein synthesis during cold acclimation is very dissimilar to the heat shock proteins in many ways. Different low temperature stress proteins, such as Anti-freeze proteins or thermal hysteresis proteins (THPs) and cold shock domain proteins etc. are accumulated in plant cell and are frequently correlated with enhanced cold tolerance ( Guy, 1999).
The heat stress-induced dehydrin proteins (DHNs) expression and their relationship with the water relations of sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.) leaves were studied to investigate the adaptation to heat stress in plants (Wahid and Close, 2007). In order to get an in vitro evidence of Hsc70 functioning as a molecular chaperone during cold stress, a cold-inducible spinach cytosolic Hsc70 was subcloned into a protein expression vector and the recombinant protein was expressed in bacterial cells. Results suggest that the molecular chaperone Hsc70 may have a functional role in plants during low temperature stress (Zhang and Guy, 2006). To analyze the least and most strongly interacting stress with Hsps and Hsfs, a transcriptional profiling of Arabidopsis Hsps and Hsfs has been done (Swindell et al., 2007).
As plants receive complex of stress factors together, therefore in future research, emphasis should be placed on such cases where tolerance is attempted to different stress factors simultaneously by employing sophisticated techniques.
Cold treatment had significant effect on specific process of plant photosynthesis.
significant degree of overlapping exists between metabolic alterations induced by, and/or in response to cold and heat short-term challenge.
chloroplast and also plasma membrane/cytoskeleton were confirmed as early targets for temperature injury.
Cold and heat influenced photosynthesis in opposition.
major components of the early response to temperature stress are HSPs
detoxification of ROS relied preferentially on the induction of GST under both cold or heat stress.
(May 29th, 2024) Advancements in Intravital Microscopy- Insights for Preclini...Scintica Instrumentation
Intravital microscopy (IVM) is a powerful tool utilized to study cellular behavior over time and space in vivo. Much of our understanding of cell biology has been accomplished using various in vitro and ex vivo methods; however, these studies do not necessarily reflect the natural dynamics of biological processes. Unlike traditional cell culture or fixed tissue imaging, IVM allows for the ultra-fast high-resolution imaging of cellular processes over time and space and were studied in its natural environment. Real-time visualization of biological processes in the context of an intact organism helps maintain physiological relevance and provide insights into the progression of disease, response to treatments or developmental processes.
In this webinar we give an overview of advanced applications of the IVM system in preclinical research. IVIM technology is a provider of all-in-one intravital microscopy systems and solutions optimized for in vivo imaging of live animal models at sub-micron resolution. The system’s unique features and user-friendly software enables researchers to probe fast dynamic biological processes such as immune cell tracking, cell-cell interaction as well as vascularization and tumor metastasis with exceptional detail. This webinar will also give an overview of IVM being utilized in drug development, offering a view into the intricate interaction between drugs/nanoparticles and tissues in vivo and allows for the evaluation of therapeutic intervention in a variety of tissues and organs. This interdisciplinary collaboration continues to drive the advancements of novel therapeutic strategies.
Comparing Evolved Extractive Text Summary Scores of Bidirectional Encoder Rep...University of Maribor
Slides from:
11th International Conference on Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering (IcETRAN), Niš, 3-6 June 2024
Track: Artificial Intelligence
https://www.etran.rs/2024/en/home-english/
Deep Behavioral Phenotyping in Systems Neuroscience for Functional Atlasing a...Ana Luísa Pinho
Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) provides means to characterize brain activations in response to behavior. However, cognitive neuroscience has been limited to group-level effects referring to the performance of specific tasks. To obtain the functional profile of elementary cognitive mechanisms, the combination of brain responses to many tasks is required. Yet, to date, both structural atlases and parcellation-based activations do not fully account for cognitive function and still present several limitations. Further, they do not adapt overall to individual characteristics. In this talk, I will give an account of deep-behavioral phenotyping strategies, namely data-driven methods in large task-fMRI datasets, to optimize functional brain-data collection and improve inference of effects-of-interest related to mental processes. Key to this approach is the employment of fast multi-functional paradigms rich on features that can be well parametrized and, consequently, facilitate the creation of psycho-physiological constructs to be modelled with imaging data. Particular emphasis will be given to music stimuli when studying high-order cognitive mechanisms, due to their ecological nature and quality to enable complex behavior compounded by discrete entities. I will also discuss how deep-behavioral phenotyping and individualized models applied to neuroimaging data can better account for the subject-specific organization of domain-general cognitive systems in the human brain. Finally, the accumulation of functional brain signatures brings the possibility to clarify relationships among tasks and create a univocal link between brain systems and mental functions through: (1) the development of ontologies proposing an organization of cognitive processes; and (2) brain-network taxonomies describing functional specialization. To this end, tools to improve commensurability in cognitive science are necessary, such as public repositories, ontology-based platforms and automated meta-analysis tools. I will thus discuss some brain-atlasing resources currently under development, and their applicability in cognitive as well as clinical neuroscience.
Salas, V. (2024) "John of St. Thomas (Poinsot) on the Science of Sacred Theol...Studia Poinsotiana
I Introduction
II Subalternation and Theology
III Theology and Dogmatic Declarations
IV The Mixed Principles of Theology
V Virtual Revelation: The Unity of Theology
VI Theology as a Natural Science
VII Theology’s Certitude
VIII Conclusion
Notes
Bibliography
All the contents are fully attributable to the author, Doctor Victor Salas. Should you wish to get this text republished, get in touch with the author or the editorial committee of the Studia Poinsotiana. Insofar as possible, we will be happy to broker your contact.
What is greenhouse gasses and how many gasses are there to affect the Earth.moosaasad1975
What are greenhouse gasses how they affect the earth and its environment what is the future of the environment and earth how the weather and the climate effects.
DERIVATION OF MODIFIED BERNOULLI EQUATION WITH VISCOUS EFFECTS AND TERMINAL V...Wasswaderrick3
In this book, we use conservation of energy techniques on a fluid element to derive the Modified Bernoulli equation of flow with viscous or friction effects. We derive the general equation of flow/ velocity and then from this we derive the Pouiselle flow equation, the transition flow equation and the turbulent flow equation. In the situations where there are no viscous effects , the equation reduces to the Bernoulli equation. From experimental results, we are able to include other terms in the Bernoulli equation. We also look at cases where pressure gradients exist. We use the Modified Bernoulli equation to derive equations of flow rate for pipes of different cross sectional areas connected together. We also extend our techniques of energy conservation to a sphere falling in a viscous medium under the effect of gravity. We demonstrate Stokes equation of terminal velocity and turbulent flow equation. We look at a way of calculating the time taken for a body to fall in a viscous medium. We also look at the general equation of terminal velocity.
This presentation explores a brief idea about the structural and functional attributes of nucleotides, the structure and function of genetic materials along with the impact of UV rays and pH upon them.
THE IMPORTANCE OF MARTIAN ATMOSPHERE SAMPLE RETURN.Sérgio Sacani
The return of a sample of near-surface atmosphere from Mars would facilitate answers to several first-order science questions surrounding the formation and evolution of the planet. One of the important aspects of terrestrial planet formation in general is the role that primary atmospheres played in influencing the chemistry and structure of the planets and their antecedents. Studies of the martian atmosphere can be used to investigate the role of a primary atmosphere in its history. Atmosphere samples would also inform our understanding of the near-surface chemistry of the planet, and ultimately the prospects for life. High-precision isotopic analyses of constituent gases are needed to address these questions, requiring that the analyses are made on returned samples rather than in situ.
Flexibility of the methylome of Saccharina latissima
1. Flexibility of the Methylome
of
Saccharina latissima
Seagriculture 2020
Lydia Scheschonk1
, Kai Bischof1
, Alexander Jueterbock2
1: 2:
Foto: Aldona
Griskeviciene
2. Background and Objective
How important is the methylome of S. latissima for temperature acclimation?
Allis et al. (2015) Epigenetics
5. Work in Progress / Discussion
⚫ Functional consequences of the strong methylome
separation between Lab- and Field-samples
⚫ Relies on an annotated genome
⚫ Effect on characteristics of farmed kelp sporophytes?
⚫ Functional effects and stability of temperature-specific
methylome?
⚫ Potential for epigenetic bio-engineering?
