The document discusses database normalization and its goals. It explains the different normal forms from 1st normal form (1NF) to Boyce-Codd normal form (BCNF) and describes the conditions for a relation to be in each normal form. Functional dependencies and how they relate to normalization are also covered. Specific examples are provided to illustrate functional dependencies, partial dependencies, and how to decompose relations to higher normal forms through lossless joins.
Object oriented programming using BCA 209cpjcollege
This document discusses object oriented programming (OOP) and C++. It provides an overview of procedure oriented programming versus OOP, highlighting that OOP emphasizes data over procedures and uses objects and classes. Characteristics of OOP like encapsulation, inheritance, and polymorphism are covered. The document then discusses C++ features like classes, objects, constructors, destructors, static class members, friend functions, and inline functions. Finally, it introduces templates in C++ as a way to write generic functions and classes that can work with multiple data types.
This document discusses registers in computer architecture. It defines a register as a very fast memory used to store data or instructions being executed. A register consists of a group of flip-flops that can each store one bit. The document also discusses register transfer language, which uses symbolic notation to describe operations between registers, and different types of register transfers and micro-operations that can be performed. It provides examples of shift operations and how an arithmetic logical unit is used to perform logic and arithmetic operations on data from registers.
The document discusses various topics related to web servers and web development including:
- The difference between local and remote servers, with local servers hosting files on the user's own machine and remote servers hosting files on another computer accessed over the internet.
- Popular web server software like Internet Information Services (IIS) which is used to host ASP.NET and ASP web applications, and Personal Web Server (PWS) which allows individuals to publish and share content.
- The difference between static websites with fixed HTML pages and dynamic websites whose content changes based on a database or CMS.
- Other topics covered include installing web servers, client-side vs server-side scripting, and introducing HTML.
OVERVIEW OF CODD’s RULE
• A relational database management system (RDBMS) is a database management system (DBMS) that is based on the relational model as introduced by E. F. Codd.
• A short definition of an RDBMS may be a DBMS in which data is stored in the form of tables and the relationship among the data is also stored in the form of tables.
• E.F. Codd, the famous mathematician has introduced 12 rules (0-12)for the relational model for databases commonly known as Codd's rules. The rules mainly define what is required for a DBMS for it to be considered relational, i.e., an RDBMS.
The document discusses various topics related to computer networks including:
- Networking concepts such as computer networks being collections of devices connected to communicate and share resources, with connections made via physical wires or wireless connections.
- Types of networks including local area networks (LANs), wide area networks (WANs) and metropolitan area networks (MANs).
- Network protocols such as TCP/IP and how they function.
- Multiplexing techniques used in networks such as frequency division multiplexing (FDM), wavelength division multiplexing (WDM), and time division multiplexing (TDM).
This document contains lecture notes from a class on VB.NET programming and the .NET architecture. It discusses the .NET infrastructure including the common language runtime and portable executable files. It also covers topics like .NET project types, designing applications for .NET, variable scope, arrays and collections, object passing and parameters, inheritance control, threading, delegates, exception handling, object-oriented features in .NET, and ADO.NET concepts like data connections, adapters, datasets and data readers.
The document proposes a method for automatically generating questions from sentences by performing sentence simplification. It involves two main steps - identifying potential answer phrases in the sentence, and generating simplified versions of the sentence focused around each answer phrase. A classifier is trained to identify answer phrases using syntactic and semantic features. Sentence simplification is done by pruning dependencies from the sentence's parse tree in a way that preserves the identified answer phrases, resulting in multiple simplified statements from the original sentence that can be transformed into questions. Evaluation shows the classifier achieves over 70% accuracy in identifying answer phrases.
The document discusses digital electronics and logic gates. It begins with an overview of binary logic, logic gates, and truth tables. It then covers combinational logic circuits and how to design circuits from logic functions. It discusses various logic gates like AND, OR, NOT, NAND and NOR gates. It also covers arithmetic circuits like half adders, full adders, adders, and multipliers. It concludes with an introduction to flip-flops.
Object oriented programming using BCA 209cpjcollege
This document discusses object oriented programming (OOP) and C++. It provides an overview of procedure oriented programming versus OOP, highlighting that OOP emphasizes data over procedures and uses objects and classes. Characteristics of OOP like encapsulation, inheritance, and polymorphism are covered. The document then discusses C++ features like classes, objects, constructors, destructors, static class members, friend functions, and inline functions. Finally, it introduces templates in C++ as a way to write generic functions and classes that can work with multiple data types.
This document discusses registers in computer architecture. It defines a register as a very fast memory used to store data or instructions being executed. A register consists of a group of flip-flops that can each store one bit. The document also discusses register transfer language, which uses symbolic notation to describe operations between registers, and different types of register transfers and micro-operations that can be performed. It provides examples of shift operations and how an arithmetic logical unit is used to perform logic and arithmetic operations on data from registers.
The document discusses various topics related to web servers and web development including:
- The difference between local and remote servers, with local servers hosting files on the user's own machine and remote servers hosting files on another computer accessed over the internet.
- Popular web server software like Internet Information Services (IIS) which is used to host ASP.NET and ASP web applications, and Personal Web Server (PWS) which allows individuals to publish and share content.
- The difference between static websites with fixed HTML pages and dynamic websites whose content changes based on a database or CMS.
- Other topics covered include installing web servers, client-side vs server-side scripting, and introducing HTML.
OVERVIEW OF CODD’s RULE
• A relational database management system (RDBMS) is a database management system (DBMS) that is based on the relational model as introduced by E. F. Codd.
• A short definition of an RDBMS may be a DBMS in which data is stored in the form of tables and the relationship among the data is also stored in the form of tables.
• E.F. Codd, the famous mathematician has introduced 12 rules (0-12)for the relational model for databases commonly known as Codd's rules. The rules mainly define what is required for a DBMS for it to be considered relational, i.e., an RDBMS.
The document discusses various topics related to computer networks including:
- Networking concepts such as computer networks being collections of devices connected to communicate and share resources, with connections made via physical wires or wireless connections.
- Types of networks including local area networks (LANs), wide area networks (WANs) and metropolitan area networks (MANs).
- Network protocols such as TCP/IP and how they function.
- Multiplexing techniques used in networks such as frequency division multiplexing (FDM), wavelength division multiplexing (WDM), and time division multiplexing (TDM).
This document contains lecture notes from a class on VB.NET programming and the .NET architecture. It discusses the .NET infrastructure including the common language runtime and portable executable files. It also covers topics like .NET project types, designing applications for .NET, variable scope, arrays and collections, object passing and parameters, inheritance control, threading, delegates, exception handling, object-oriented features in .NET, and ADO.NET concepts like data connections, adapters, datasets and data readers.
The document proposes a method for automatically generating questions from sentences by performing sentence simplification. It involves two main steps - identifying potential answer phrases in the sentence, and generating simplified versions of the sentence focused around each answer phrase. A classifier is trained to identify answer phrases using syntactic and semantic features. Sentence simplification is done by pruning dependencies from the sentence's parse tree in a way that preserves the identified answer phrases, resulting in multiple simplified statements from the original sentence that can be transformed into questions. Evaluation shows the classifier achieves over 70% accuracy in identifying answer phrases.
The document discusses digital electronics and logic gates. It begins with an overview of binary logic, logic gates, and truth tables. It then covers combinational logic circuits and how to design circuits from logic functions. It discusses various logic gates like AND, OR, NOT, NAND and NOR gates. It also covers arithmetic circuits like half adders, full adders, adders, and multipliers. It concludes with an introduction to flip-flops.
Business communication is information sharing between people
within and outside an organization that is performed for the
commercial benefit of the organization. It can also be defined as
relaying of information within a business by its people.
The document discusses paragraph and report writing. It provides guidelines for designing effective paragraphs, including keeping paragraphs short, maintaining unity around a single topic or idea, and using topic sentences. It also discusses the key features of reports, such as being concise documents written for a specific purpose and audience that often include recommendations. The document outlines different types of reports, including informal versus formal reports and statutory versus non-statutory reports. It concludes with characteristics of good reports, such as simplicity, clarity, accuracy, and relevance.
This document contains lecture materials from Chanderprabhu Jain College of Higher Studies & School of Law related to the Trade Unions Act of 1926. It covers several topics like collective bargaining, standing orders, resolution of industrial disputes, and instruments of economic coercion. The learning outcomes, concepts, definitions, and processes related to these topics are discussed over multiple pages in point form along with headings and sub-headings.
The Minimum Wages Act 1948 is an Act of Parliament concerning Indian labour law that sets the minimum wages that must be paid to skilled and unskilled labour.
This document contains Mohammed Feroz's curriculum vitae. It includes his contact information, personal details like date of birth and marital status, education history from intermediate school through his M.Tech degree, work experience as a fresher, technical skills including AutoCAD and programming languages, strengths like problem solving and creativity, and a description of an analytical project on fuzzy PI and PD controllers done during his B.Tech studies. Feroz declares that all information provided is true to the best of his knowledge.
Rohit Agrawal is seeking a position where he can contribute his knowledge and skills. He has a Master's degree in VLSI from NIT Hamirpur and a Bachelor's degree in Electronics and Communication Engineering. He has experience with projects involving home automation, frequency transmission, fire alarms, and more. Rohit has skills in PCB design and fabrication, VLSI technology, programming languages like C and C++, and has achieved high percentiles on the GATE exam. He considers himself a hard worker with strengths in creativity, dedication, and adapting to changes.
Novum insights client deck december 2016Bokyung Park
Novum's software and services help drive corporate innovation through data insights for strategic partnerships. Their solution provides real-time alerts on market trends and best practices for lead generation to help corporations identify valuable partnership opportunities that are currently fragmented across industries. The management team previously developed an analytics product with a significant Fortune 500 client base, and an advisory board includes experts from IBM, Silicon Valley Bank, and elsewhere.
El documento compara la anatomía de dos especies de simios, mostrando las similitudes y diferencias entre la especie más evolucionada y la menos evolucionada. Al hacer clic en los enlaces, se muestran las características anatómicas de cada especie y cómo han cambiado entre ellas.
Este documento solicita información personal como fecha de nacimiento, signo zodiacal, sexo y edad para supuestamente calcular el coeficiente intelectual (QI) de una persona. Promete procesar los datos en menos de un minuto y revelar los resultados, insinuando de manera absurda que el QI calculado podría exceder la escala de medición.
The Globalsat Group is a Pan-American mobile satellite services provider founded in 1999. It is comprised of seven affiliates located across the USA, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Mexico, and Peru that provide sales, customer service, and technical support. The group focuses on voice and data satellite communication solutions for industries across Latin America like oil & gas, mining, media, and others.
Sarah Daley is a student at UC Davis expected to graduate in March 2017 with a B.S. degree. She has extensive experience in veterinary clinics and animal shelters, including as a veterinary technician. She has also worked as a research assistant at UC Davis studying equine health and as a volunteer in the Krubitzer Laboratory. Sarah is interested in neuroscience and has interned in the neurology and rehabilitation departments at the UC Davis Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital.
Chetan M. Barhate is a senior test engineer with over 7 years of experience in software testing. He has expertise in functional, regression, integration, GUI, and other types of testing. He has worked extensively on telecom projects, including for BSS systems. Chetan is proficient in test planning, documentation, defect management, and working in agile methodologies. He has experience leading a team of 12 testers and has worked on both domestic and international projects.
1) Sound is produced by vibrations traveling through a medium as a longitudinal wave. When an object vibrates, it disturbs the surrounding air molecules which then transfer the sound energy through compressions and rarefactions.
2) Sound propagates through solids, liquids, and gases by particles transferring energy to adjacent particles. It travels fastest in solids where particles are close together, slower in liquids, and slowest in gases where particles are farther apart.
3) Sound needs a medium like air, water or solid material to travel through. It cannot travel through a vacuum. The speed of sound varies depending on the density of the medium, being highest in solids at around 5,960 m/s
This document provides an overview of script-writing techniques for films. It discusses key elements like developing a story around characters or ideas, establishing characters' wants and needs, using "hooks" to create suspense, and following a typical three-act structure. The document also covers script formatting, describing scenes, shots, and the writing and editing process from initial ideas to final draft. Main goals in script-writing are showing rather than telling events through images and ensuring dialogue sounds natural.
El documento compara cómo es el desayuno típico en diferentes países como Estados Unidos, Inglaterra, Italia y España. En Estados Unidos y Inglaterra la gente suele desayunar huevos y beicon o té respectivamente antes de ir a trabajar. En Italia incluyen también panceta, chorizos y café. Mientras que en España a menudo no hay comida en la nevera y la persona se vuelve a dormir porque no tiene trabajo.
best and complete presentation on the times newspaper. print media presentation.
outline intro slogan history and timeline sites apps controversies
best ppt if u get assimnt on any newspaper
La Unión Europea ha propuesto un nuevo paquete de sanciones contra Rusia que incluye un embargo al petróleo ruso. El embargo se aplicaría gradualmente durante seis meses para el petróleo crudo y ocho meses para los productos refinados. Los líderes de la UE esperan que estas medidas adicionales aumenten la presión sobre Rusia para poner fin a su invasión de Ucrania.
This document describes research into developing a genetic system for controlling mosquito populations by releasing genetically modified female mosquitoes. The system uses a female-specific genetic promoter from the AeAct-4 gene to drive expression of a repressible lethal gene, causing a flightless phenotype in females. When tested in transgenic mosquitoes, this genetic system achieved over 90% penetrance of a flightless phenotype in females when not repressed, demonstrating its potential for controlling wild mosquito populations by reducing females' ability to breed or disperse. The document discusses advantages like species-specificity but also potential disadvantages of a program using such genetically modified mosquitoes.
The document discusses the planning and production process for creating an educational booklet on the vegan lifestyle. To plan the booklet, the author researched the benefits and disadvantages of veganism, created a survey to understand people's opinions, and developed a mood board. During production, the author selected color schemes and layouts. The content aims to educate readers on health aspects of vegan and non-vegan diets in an engaging, easy to understand way. Time management and file organization were areas for improvement. The final product compiled the booklet pages into a PowerPoint presentation.
Kadir Can Kirkoyun is a mobile developer who works with technologies like Android, iOS, HTML, CSS, AngularJS, XAML, C#, JSX, and React Native. He discusses his experience with different platforms like Windows Phone and cross-platform development. He shares links to documentation and tutorials for React Native, Redux, Exponent, and NativeBase.
Business communication is information sharing between people
within and outside an organization that is performed for the
commercial benefit of the organization. It can also be defined as
relaying of information within a business by its people.
The document discusses paragraph and report writing. It provides guidelines for designing effective paragraphs, including keeping paragraphs short, maintaining unity around a single topic or idea, and using topic sentences. It also discusses the key features of reports, such as being concise documents written for a specific purpose and audience that often include recommendations. The document outlines different types of reports, including informal versus formal reports and statutory versus non-statutory reports. It concludes with characteristics of good reports, such as simplicity, clarity, accuracy, and relevance.
This document contains lecture materials from Chanderprabhu Jain College of Higher Studies & School of Law related to the Trade Unions Act of 1926. It covers several topics like collective bargaining, standing orders, resolution of industrial disputes, and instruments of economic coercion. The learning outcomes, concepts, definitions, and processes related to these topics are discussed over multiple pages in point form along with headings and sub-headings.
The Minimum Wages Act 1948 is an Act of Parliament concerning Indian labour law that sets the minimum wages that must be paid to skilled and unskilled labour.
This document contains Mohammed Feroz's curriculum vitae. It includes his contact information, personal details like date of birth and marital status, education history from intermediate school through his M.Tech degree, work experience as a fresher, technical skills including AutoCAD and programming languages, strengths like problem solving and creativity, and a description of an analytical project on fuzzy PI and PD controllers done during his B.Tech studies. Feroz declares that all information provided is true to the best of his knowledge.
Rohit Agrawal is seeking a position where he can contribute his knowledge and skills. He has a Master's degree in VLSI from NIT Hamirpur and a Bachelor's degree in Electronics and Communication Engineering. He has experience with projects involving home automation, frequency transmission, fire alarms, and more. Rohit has skills in PCB design and fabrication, VLSI technology, programming languages like C and C++, and has achieved high percentiles on the GATE exam. He considers himself a hard worker with strengths in creativity, dedication, and adapting to changes.
Novum insights client deck december 2016Bokyung Park
Novum's software and services help drive corporate innovation through data insights for strategic partnerships. Their solution provides real-time alerts on market trends and best practices for lead generation to help corporations identify valuable partnership opportunities that are currently fragmented across industries. The management team previously developed an analytics product with a significant Fortune 500 client base, and an advisory board includes experts from IBM, Silicon Valley Bank, and elsewhere.
El documento compara la anatomía de dos especies de simios, mostrando las similitudes y diferencias entre la especie más evolucionada y la menos evolucionada. Al hacer clic en los enlaces, se muestran las características anatómicas de cada especie y cómo han cambiado entre ellas.
Este documento solicita información personal como fecha de nacimiento, signo zodiacal, sexo y edad para supuestamente calcular el coeficiente intelectual (QI) de una persona. Promete procesar los datos en menos de un minuto y revelar los resultados, insinuando de manera absurda que el QI calculado podría exceder la escala de medición.
The Globalsat Group is a Pan-American mobile satellite services provider founded in 1999. It is comprised of seven affiliates located across the USA, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Mexico, and Peru that provide sales, customer service, and technical support. The group focuses on voice and data satellite communication solutions for industries across Latin America like oil & gas, mining, media, and others.
Sarah Daley is a student at UC Davis expected to graduate in March 2017 with a B.S. degree. She has extensive experience in veterinary clinics and animal shelters, including as a veterinary technician. She has also worked as a research assistant at UC Davis studying equine health and as a volunteer in the Krubitzer Laboratory. Sarah is interested in neuroscience and has interned in the neurology and rehabilitation departments at the UC Davis Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital.
Chetan M. Barhate is a senior test engineer with over 7 years of experience in software testing. He has expertise in functional, regression, integration, GUI, and other types of testing. He has worked extensively on telecom projects, including for BSS systems. Chetan is proficient in test planning, documentation, defect management, and working in agile methodologies. He has experience leading a team of 12 testers and has worked on both domestic and international projects.
1) Sound is produced by vibrations traveling through a medium as a longitudinal wave. When an object vibrates, it disturbs the surrounding air molecules which then transfer the sound energy through compressions and rarefactions.
2) Sound propagates through solids, liquids, and gases by particles transferring energy to adjacent particles. It travels fastest in solids where particles are close together, slower in liquids, and slowest in gases where particles are farther apart.
3) Sound needs a medium like air, water or solid material to travel through. It cannot travel through a vacuum. The speed of sound varies depending on the density of the medium, being highest in solids at around 5,960 m/s
This document provides an overview of script-writing techniques for films. It discusses key elements like developing a story around characters or ideas, establishing characters' wants and needs, using "hooks" to create suspense, and following a typical three-act structure. The document also covers script formatting, describing scenes, shots, and the writing and editing process from initial ideas to final draft. Main goals in script-writing are showing rather than telling events through images and ensuring dialogue sounds natural.
El documento compara cómo es el desayuno típico en diferentes países como Estados Unidos, Inglaterra, Italia y España. En Estados Unidos y Inglaterra la gente suele desayunar huevos y beicon o té respectivamente antes de ir a trabajar. En Italia incluyen también panceta, chorizos y café. Mientras que en España a menudo no hay comida en la nevera y la persona se vuelve a dormir porque no tiene trabajo.
best and complete presentation on the times newspaper. print media presentation.
outline intro slogan history and timeline sites apps controversies
best ppt if u get assimnt on any newspaper
La Unión Europea ha propuesto un nuevo paquete de sanciones contra Rusia que incluye un embargo al petróleo ruso. El embargo se aplicaría gradualmente durante seis meses para el petróleo crudo y ocho meses para los productos refinados. Los líderes de la UE esperan que estas medidas adicionales aumenten la presión sobre Rusia para poner fin a su invasión de Ucrania.
This document describes research into developing a genetic system for controlling mosquito populations by releasing genetically modified female mosquitoes. The system uses a female-specific genetic promoter from the AeAct-4 gene to drive expression of a repressible lethal gene, causing a flightless phenotype in females. When tested in transgenic mosquitoes, this genetic system achieved over 90% penetrance of a flightless phenotype in females when not repressed, demonstrating its potential for controlling wild mosquito populations by reducing females' ability to breed or disperse. The document discusses advantages like species-specificity but also potential disadvantages of a program using such genetically modified mosquitoes.
The document discusses the planning and production process for creating an educational booklet on the vegan lifestyle. To plan the booklet, the author researched the benefits and disadvantages of veganism, created a survey to understand people's opinions, and developed a mood board. During production, the author selected color schemes and layouts. The content aims to educate readers on health aspects of vegan and non-vegan diets in an engaging, easy to understand way. Time management and file organization were areas for improvement. The final product compiled the booklet pages into a PowerPoint presentation.
Kadir Can Kirkoyun is a mobile developer who works with technologies like Android, iOS, HTML, CSS, AngularJS, XAML, C#, JSX, and React Native. He discusses his experience with different platforms like Windows Phone and cross-platform development. He shares links to documentation and tutorials for React Native, Redux, Exponent, and NativeBase.
Business Economics
• According to Mc Nair and Meriam, Business economic consists of the use of economic modes of thought to analyse business situations. • Siegel man has defined business economic (or business economic) as the integration of economic theory with business practice for the purpose of facilitating decision-making and forward planning by management.
The document discusses key concepts in business economics including definitions of business economics, the scope of business economics, applications of business economics, economic concepts used, consumer behavior theory, demand analysis, production theory, costs, and market structures. It provides definitions and explanations of concepts such as utility, indifference curves, demand elasticity, production functions, laws of returns, and perfect competition. The document is serving as a reference material for a business economics course covering these fundamental topics.
The document discusses various techniques for software testing, including:
- White-box testing techniques like control flow-based testing which aims to cover all statements, branches, and paths in the code. Data flow-based testing which aims to cover all def-use pairs to test variable definitions and uses.
- Black-box testing techniques like equivalence partitioning which partitions input/output domains into equivalence classes and tests using values from different classes.
- The benefits of testing include finding bugs, improving quality, and ensuring software meets specifications despite inevitable faults. Thorough testing can help reduce risks even if perfect testing is impossible.
Business is influenced not only by what decisions are taken within the firm but also by the general business environment. General decisions are based on two factors : • External Factors : This includes all those factors which are outside the control of business. The firm can only make timely adjustment to these external factors. • Internal Factors : This includes all those factors which are within the control.
The document discusses organizational behavior (OB) and related concepts. It defines OB as a field that investigates how individuals and groups impact organizational effectiveness and goal achievement. Key contributing disciplines are identified as psychology, sociology, social psychology, and anthropology. Models of OB described include the autocratic, custodial, supportive, and collegial models. The document also covers organizational culture and climate, attitudes, values, and challenges and opportunities in OB like globalization and workforce diversity.
Organizational behavior (OB) A field of study that investigates the impact of individuals, groups in the organizational setting for the purpose of applying such knowledge toward improving an organization’s effectiveness and achieving organizational goal.
Planning and Designing for .NET – Programming Language Hierarchy – The .NET Infrastructure – .NET ProjectTypes – Designing for .NET – Application Design Issues
The document discusses key concepts in business economics and consumer behavior. It defines business economics as the integration of economic theory with business practice to facilitate management decision-making. Consumer behavior is analyzed using utility theory and indifference curve analysis. The law of demand, elasticity, and demand forecasting are also covered. Production factors, the production function, laws of returns to scale and variable proportions are explained in the context of the theory of the firm. Cost concepts like fixed vs variable costs are also introduced.
Object oriented programming
• Object Oriented Programming (OOP) is an approach to program organization and development that attempts to eliminate some of the pitfalls of conventional programming methods by incorporating the best of structured programming features with several powerful new concepts.
Data Transformation
Programs transform data from one form to another ◦ Input data → Output data ◦ Stimulus → Response Programming languages store and process data in various ways depending on the type of the data; consequently, all data read, processed, or written by a program must have a type Two distinguishing characteristics of a programming language are the data types it supports and the operations on those data types
Production Management & Total Quality Managementcpjcollege
The document discusses various forecasting and inventory management techniques. It begins by explaining qualitative and quantitative forecasting methods, including time series models like moving averages and exponential smoothing. It then covers topics like independent and dependent demand for inventory, functions of inventory, and tools for inventory management including ABC analysis, economic order quantity models, reorder points, and classification systems like VED, HML, and FSN.
COST ACCOUNTING – MEANING
Cost accounting is concerned with recording, classifying and summarizing costs for determination of costs of products or services, planning, controlling and reducing such costs and furnishing of information to management for decision making.
Cost and management accounting• Provides management with costs for products, inventories, operations or functions and compares actual to predetermined data • It also provides a variety of data for many day-to-day decision as well as essential information for long-range decisions
The document provides information about human resource management (HRM) including definitions of HRM, its components, nature, scope, importance, evolution, policies, challenges, and trends. It also discusses the differences between personnel management and HRM as well as HRM and strategic HRM. Additionally, it covers topics related to human resource planning such as meaning, importance, job analysis, and future personnel needs. The document appears to be lecture notes on an introduction to HRM course provided by Ms. Pallavi Sharma.
Business Environment and Ethical Practices (BBA LLB 213 )cpjcollege
The objective of the course is to familiarize students with the different aspects of business environment and ethical practices to be adopted by organizations in conducting their business.
Cost accounting is concerned with recording, classifying and summarizing costs for determination of costs of products or services, planning, controlling and reducing such costs and furnishing of information to management for decision making.
Strategic Management
A set of managerial decisions and actions that determines the long-run performance of a corporation. Includes: Internal and external environment scanning Strategy formulation Strategy implementation Evaluation and control.
VB is not..
• Vendor independent • Platform independent • Based on a constant language definition • Separated definition and IDE implementation • Well documented • (IMO) suitable for very large projects which must be maintained over a long period of time.
The document is a lecture note on basic concepts of taxation from Chanderprabhu Jain College of Higher Studies & School of Law. It defines key terms like taxes, direct and indirect taxes, income, assessment year, financial year. It distinguishes between capital and revenue receipts and discusses the differences between direct and indirect taxes. It also explains the concepts of application of income versus diversion of income and gives examples. Finally, it provides an overview of the different sections related to assessment under the Income Tax Act.
Socio-Legal Dimensions of Gender (LLB-507 & 509 )cpjcollege
This paper intends to sensitize the students about the changing
dimensions of gender and also familiarizes them with the subtle manifestations of inequality rooted in our society.
The objective of the paper is to apprise the students with the laws relating to marriage, dissolution, matrimonial remedies, adoption, contemporary trends in family institutions in India, in particular the Hindus and Muslims.
Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR) [LLB -309] cpjcollege
Alternative Dispute Resolution has become the primary means by which cases are resolved now days, especially commercial, business disputes. It has emerged as the preferred method for resolving civil cases, with litigation as a last resort. Alternative Dispute Resolution provides an overview of the statutory, procedural, and case law underlining these processes and their interplay with litigation. A significant theme is the evolving role of
professional ethics for attorneys operating in non-adversarial settings. Clients and courts increasingly express a preference for attorneys who are skilled not only in litigation but in problem-solving, which costs the clients less in terms of time, money and relationship. The law of ADR also provides an introduction to negotiation and mediation theory.
Environmental Studies and Environmental Laws (: LLB -301)cpjcollege
The objective of this paper is to acquaint the students with the environmental issues and the measures taken for its protection along with the norms prevailing at international and national
level
The paper will focus on the civil procedures followed in instituting a suit. The students will be familiarised with certain important concepts and practical skill development activity will provide insights into the actual working of the court procedures.
The objective of this paper is to provide an understanding of basic concepts of Indian Constitution and various organs created by the Constitution and their functions.
The document discusses various topics related to corporate law including types of companies, forms of business organization, shares, debentures, and securities. It provides information on sole proprietorships, partnerships, corporations, limited liability companies (LLCs), and different types of companies such as private companies and public companies. The document also defines key terms like shares, share capital, debentures, debenture bonds, and classifications of company securities.
It is an indispensable complementary part of our legal system without the study of which no advocate is suitably equipped with the basic requisites required to go to the court.
This document provides an overview of key concepts in international relations discussed in a political science class, including:
- Democracy and its key principles such as majority rule, protection of minority rights, and consent of the governed.
- Federalism and its features such as division of powers between central and state/provincial governments.
- The parliamentary system in India and features such as a ceremonial head of state, executive drawn from the legislature, and collective responsibility of ministers.
- Concepts in international relations like power, sovereignty, and the elements and limitations of national power, including international law, morality, and world public opinion.
This paper focuses on various aspects of health care law including the constitutional perspective, obligations, and negligence of medical professionals and remedies available to
consumers of health care.
The object of this paper is to focus on land reforms in India, Constitutional provisions related to land reforms, Land Acquisition, Rehabilitation, and Resettlement Act,2013, Urban Real Estate Development Laws and the Provisions of the Rent Laws under the
Delhi Rent Control Act, 1958.
The objective of the seminar paper is to introduce the students to a holistic understanding of crime. PSDA in this seminar paper will include seminar presentation, debates and group discussions, critical review of existing laws in India and a comparison with
other countries. The paper seeks to explore the possible practical applications of the various theories that have been formulated so far. It will also require the students to look up the international cases where these theories have been applied. The students who opt for this paper will also visit the prisons/ juvenile homes/ juvenile courts / rehabilitation centre etc. and make an assessment of the current situation.
Physiology and chemistry of skin and pigmentation, hairs, scalp, lips and nail, Cleansing cream, Lotions, Face powders, Face packs, Lipsticks, Bath products, soaps and baby product,
Preparation and standardization of the following : Tonic, Bleaches, Dentifrices and Mouth washes & Tooth Pastes, Cosmetics for Nails.
A workshop hosted by the South African Journal of Science aimed at postgraduate students and early career researchers with little or no experience in writing and publishing journal articles.
Strategies for Effective Upskilling is a presentation by Chinwendu Peace in a Your Skill Boost Masterclass organisation by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan on 08th and 09th June 2024 from 1 PM to 3 PM on each day.
This presentation includes basic of PCOS their pathology and treatment and also Ayurveda correlation of PCOS and Ayurvedic line of treatment mentioned in classics.
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty, In...Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty,
International FDP on Fundamentals of Research in Social Sciences
at Integral University, Lucknow, 06.06.2024
By Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
How to Build a Module in Odoo 17 Using the Scaffold MethodCeline George
Odoo provides an option for creating a module by using a single line command. By using this command the user can make a whole structure of a module. It is very easy for a beginner to make a module. There is no need to make each file manually. This slide will show how to create a module using the scaffold method.
বাংলাদেশের অর্থনৈতিক সমীক্ষা ২০২৪ [Bangladesh Economic Review 2024 Bangla.pdf] কম্পিউটার , ট্যাব ও স্মার্ট ফোন ভার্সন সহ সম্পূর্ণ বাংলা ই-বুক বা pdf বই " সুচিপত্র ...বুকমার্ক মেনু 🔖 ও হাইপার লিংক মেনু 📝👆 যুক্ত ..
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The simplified electron and muon model, Oscillating Spacetime: The Foundation...RitikBhardwaj56
Discover the Simplified Electron and Muon Model: A New Wave-Based Approach to Understanding Particles delves into a groundbreaking theory that presents electrons and muons as rotating soliton waves within oscillating spacetime. Geared towards students, researchers, and science buffs, this book breaks down complex ideas into simple explanations. It covers topics such as electron waves, temporal dynamics, and the implications of this model on particle physics. With clear illustrations and easy-to-follow explanations, readers will gain a new outlook on the universe's fundamental nature.
How to Fix the Import Error in the Odoo 17Celine George
An import error occurs when a program fails to import a module or library, disrupting its execution. In languages like Python, this issue arises when the specified module cannot be found or accessed, hindering the program's functionality. Resolving import errors is crucial for maintaining smooth software operation and uninterrupted development processes.
Assessment and Planning in Educational technology.pptxKavitha Krishnan
In an education system, it is understood that assessment is only for the students, but on the other hand, the Assessment of teachers is also an important aspect of the education system that ensures teachers are providing high-quality instruction to students. The assessment process can be used to provide feedback and support for professional development, to inform decisions about teacher retention or promotion, or to evaluate teacher effectiveness for accountability purposes.
Introduction to AI for Nonprofits with Tapp NetworkTechSoup
Dive into the world of AI! Experts Jon Hill and Tareq Monaur will guide you through AI's role in enhancing nonprofit websites and basic marketing strategies, making it easy to understand and apply.
1. Chanderprabhu Jain College of Higher Studies & School of Law
Plot No. OCF, Sector A-8, Narela, New Delhi – 110040
(Affiliated to Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University and Approved by Govt of NCT of Delhi & Bar Council of India)
BBA(G)
(Second Semester)
Database Management System
Paper Id 017108
Normalization
By: Ms.Hema Kataria
AP(IT)
2. Chanderprabhu Jain College of Higher Studies & School of Law
Plot No. OCF, Sector A-8, Narela, New Delhi – 110040
(Affiliated to Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University and Approved by Govt of NCT of Delhi & Bar Council of India)
Normalization
» Normalization is a process that “improves” a database design by
generating relations that are of higher normal forms.
» 1NF, 2NF, 3NF, and BCNF
» The objective of normalization:
» “to create relations where every dependency is on the key, the whole
key, and nothing but the key”.
3. Chanderprabhu Jain College of Higher Studies & School of Law
Plot No. OCF, Sector A-8, Narela, New Delhi – 110040
(Affiliated to Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University and Approved by Govt of NCT of Delhi & Bar Council of India)
There is a sequence to normal forms:
1NF is considered the weakest,
2NF is stronger than 1NF,
3NF is stronger than 2NF, and
BCNF is considered the strongest
Also,
any relation that is in BCNF, is in 3NF;
any relation in 3NF is in 2NF; and
any relation in 2NF is in 1NF.
Normalization
4. Chanderprabhu Jain College of Higher Studies & School of Law
Plot No. OCF, Sector A-8, Narela, New Delhi – 110040
(Affiliated to Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University and Approved by Govt of NCT of Delhi & Bar Council of India)
Normalization
BCNF
3NF
2NF
1NF a relation in BCNF, is also
in 3NF
a relation in 3NF is also in
2NF
a relation in 2NF is also in
1NF
5. Chanderprabhu Jain College of Higher Studies & School of Law
Plot No. OCF, Sector A-8, Narela, New Delhi – 110040
(Affiliated to Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University and Approved by Govt of NCT of Delhi & Bar Council of India)
Normalization
We consider a relation in BCNF to be fully normalized.
The benefit of higher normal forms is that update semantics for the affected
data are simplified.
This means that applications required to maintain the database are simpler.
A design that has a lower normal form than another design has more
redundancy. Uncontrolled redundancy can lead to data integrity problems.
First we introduce the concept of functional dependency
6. Chanderprabhu Jain College of Higher Studies & School of Law
Plot No. OCF, Sector A-8, Narela, New Delhi – 110040
(Affiliated to Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University and Approved by Govt of NCT of Delhi & Bar Council of India)
Functional Dependencies
Functional Dependencies
We say an attribute, B, has a functional dependency on another attribute, A, if for any
two records, which have
the same value for A, then the values for B in these two records must be the same. We
illustrate this as:
A B
Example: Suppose we keep track of employee email addresses, and we only
track one email address for each employee. Suppose each employee is identified
by their unique employee number. We say there is a functional dependency of
email address on employee number:
employee number email address
7. Chanderprabhu Jain College of Higher Studies & School of Law
Plot No. OCF, Sector A-8, Narela, New Delhi – 110040
(Affiliated to Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University and Approved by Govt of NCT of Delhi & Bar Council of India)
Functional Dependencies
EmpNum EmpEmail EmpFname EmpLname
123 jdoe@abc.com John Doe
456 psmith@abc.com Peter Smith
555 alee1@abc.com Alan Lee
633 pdoe@abc.com Peter Doe
787 alee2@abc.com Alan Lee
If EmpNum is the PK then the FDs:
EmpNum EmpEmail
EmpNum EmpFname
EmpNum EmpLname
must exist.
8. Chanderprabhu Jain College of Higher Studies & School of Law
Plot No. OCF, Sector A-8, Narela, New Delhi – 110040
(Affiliated to Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University and Approved by Govt of NCT of Delhi & Bar Council of India)
Functional Dependencies
EmpNum EmpEmail
EmpNum EmpFname
EmpNum EmpLname
EmpNum
EmpEmail
EmpFname
EmpLname
EmpNum EmpEmail EmpFname EmpLname
3 different ways you
might see FDs depicted
9. Chanderprabhu Jain College of Higher Studies & School of Law
Plot No. OCF, Sector A-8, Narela, New Delhi – 110040
(Affiliated to Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University and Approved by Govt of NCT of Delhi & Bar Council of India)
Determinant
Functional Dependency
EmpNum EmpEmail
Attribute on the LHS is known as the determinant
• EmpNum is a determinant of EmpEmail
10. Chanderprabhu Jain College of Higher Studies & School of Law
Plot No. OCF, Sector A-8, Narela, New Delhi – 110040
(Affiliated to Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University and Approved by Govt of NCT of Delhi & Bar Council of India)
Transitive dependency
Transitive dependency
Consider attributes A, B, and C, and where
A B and B C.
Functional dependencies are transitive, which means that we also
have the functional dependency A C
We say that C is transitively dependent on A through B.
11. Chanderprabhu Jain College of Higher Studies & School of Law
Plot No. OCF, Sector A-8, Narela, New Delhi – 110040
(Affiliated to Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University and Approved by Govt of NCT of Delhi & Bar Council of India)
Transitive dependency
EmpNum EmpEmail DeptNum DeptNname
EmpNum EmpEmail DeptNum DeptNname
DeptName is transitively dependent on EmpNum via DeptNum
EmpNum DeptName
EmpNum DeptNum
DeptNum DeptName
12. Chanderprabhu Jain College of Higher Studies & School of Law
Plot No. OCF, Sector A-8, Narela, New Delhi – 110040
(Affiliated to Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University and Approved by Govt of NCT of Delhi & Bar Council of India)
Partial dependency
A partial dependency exists when an attribute B is functionally dependent on
an attribute A, and A is a component of a multipart candidate key.
InvNum LineNum Qty InvDate
Candidate keys: {InvNum, LineNum} InvDate is partially dependent on
{InvNum, LineNum} as InvNum is a determinant of InvDate and InvNum
is part of a candidate key
13. Chanderprabhu Jain College of Higher Studies & School of Law
Plot No. OCF, Sector A-8, Narela, New Delhi – 110040
(Affiliated to Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University and Approved by Govt of NCT of Delhi & Bar Council of India)
First Normal Form
We say a relation is in 1NF if all values stored in the relation are
single-valued and atomic.
1NF places restrictions on the structure of relations. Values must be
simple.
14. Chanderprabhu Jain College of Higher Studies & School of Law
Plot No. OCF, Sector A-8, Narela, New Delhi – 110040
(Affiliated to Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University and Approved by Govt of NCT of Delhi & Bar Council of India)
First Normal Form
The following in not in 1NF
EmpNum EmpPhone EmpDegrees
123 233-9876
333 233-1231 BA, BSc, PhD
679 233-1231 BSc, MSc
EmpDegrees is a multi-valued field:
employee 679 has two degrees: BSc and MSc
employee 333 has three degrees: BA, BSc, PhD
15. Chanderprabhu Jain College of Higher Studies & School of Law
Plot No. OCF, Sector A-8, Narela, New Delhi – 110040
(Affiliated to Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University and Approved by Govt of NCT of Delhi & Bar Council of India)
First Normal Form
To obtain 1NF relations we must, without loss of information, replace
the above with two relations - see next slide
EmpNum EmpPhone EmpDegrees
123 233-9876
333 233-1231 BA, BSc, PhD
679 233-1231 BSc, MSc
16. Chanderprabhu Jain College of Higher Studies & School of Law
Plot No. OCF, Sector A-8, Narela, New Delhi – 110040
(Affiliated to Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University and Approved by Govt of NCT of Delhi & Bar Council of India)
First Normal Form
EmpNum EmpDegree
333 BA
333 BSc
333 PhD
679 BSc
MSc679
EmpNum EmpPhone
123 233-9876
333 233-1231
679 233-1231
An outer join between Employee and EmployeeDegree will produce the
information we saw before
Employee
EmployeeDegree
17. Chanderprabhu Jain College of Higher Studies & School of Law
Plot No. OCF, Sector A-8, Narela, New Delhi – 110040
(Affiliated to Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University and Approved by Govt of NCT of Delhi & Bar Council of India)
Boyce-Codd Normal Form
Boyce-Codd Normal Form
BCNF is defined very simply:
a relation is in BCNF if it is in 1NF and if every determinant is a
candidate key.
If our database will be used for OLTP (on line transaction processing), then BCNF
is our target. Usually, we meet this objective. However, we might denormalize
(3NF, 2NF, or 1NF) for performance reasons.
18. Chanderprabhu Jain College of Higher Studies & School of Law
Plot No. OCF, Sector A-8, Narela, New Delhi – 110040
(Affiliated to Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University and Approved by Govt of NCT of Delhi & Bar Council of India)
Second Normal Form
A relation is in 2NF if it is in 1NF, and every non-key attribute is fully
dependent on each candidate key. (That is, we don’t have any partial
functional dependency.)
• 2NF (and 3NF) both involve the concepts of key and non-key attributes.
• A key attribute is any attribute that is part of a key; any attribute that is
not a key attribute, is a non-key attribute.
• Relations that are not in BCNF have data redundancies
• A relation in 2NF will not have any partial dependencies
19. Chanderprabhu Jain College of Higher Studies & School of Law
Plot No. OCF, Sector A-8, Narela, New Delhi – 110040
(Affiliated to Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University and Approved by Govt of NCT of Delhi & Bar Council of India)
Second Normal Form
LineNum ProdNum QtyInvNum
InvNum, LineNum ProdNum, Qty
Since there is a determinant that is not a candidate key,
InvLine is not BCNF
InvLine is not 2NF since there is a partial dependency of
InvDate on InvNum
InvDate
InvDateInvNum
There are two candidate
keys.
Qty is the only non-key
attribute, and it is dependent
on InvNum
InvLine is only in
1NF
Consider this InvLine table (in 1NF):
20. Chanderprabhu Jain College of Higher Studies & School of Law
Plot No. OCF, Sector A-8, Narela, New Delhi – 110040
(Affiliated to Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University and Approved by Govt of NCT of Delhi & Bar Council of India)
Second Normal Form
LineNum ProdNum QtyInvNum InvDate
InvLine
The above relation has redundancies: the invoice date is repeated on each
invoice line.
We can improve the database by decomposing the relation into two relations:
LineNum ProdNum QtyInvNum
InvDateInvNum
21. Chanderprabhu Jain College of Higher Studies & School of Law
Plot No. OCF, Sector A-8, Narela, New Delhi – 110040
(Affiliated to Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University and Approved by Govt of NCT of Delhi & Bar Council of India)
Is the following relation in 2NF?
inv_no line_no prod_no prod_desc qty
22. Chanderprabhu Jain College of Higher Studies & School of Law
Plot No. OCF, Sector A-8, Narela, New Delhi – 110040
(Affiliated to Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University and Approved by Govt of NCT of Delhi & Bar Council of India)
2NF, but not in 3NF, nor in BCNF:
since dnumber is not a candidate key and we have:
dnumber dname.
EmployeeDept
ename ssn bdate address dnumber dname
23. Chanderprabhu Jain College of Higher Studies & School of Law
Plot No. OCF, Sector A-8, Narela, New Delhi – 110040
(Affiliated to Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University and Approved by Govt of NCT of Delhi & Bar Council of India)
Third Normal Form
• A relation is in 3NF if the relation is in 1NF and all determinants of
non-key attributes are candidate keys
That is, for any functional dependency: X Y, where Y is a non-key
attribute (or a set of non-key attributes), X is a candidate key.
• This definition of 3NF differs from BCNF only in the specification of
non-key attributes - 3NF is weaker than BCNF. (BCNF requires all
determinants to be candidate keys.)
• A relation in 3NF will not have any transitive dependencies
of non-key attribute on a candidate key through another non-key
attribute.
24. Chanderprabhu Jain College of Higher Studies & School of Law
Plot No. OCF, Sector A-8, Narela, New Delhi – 110040
(Affiliated to Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University and Approved by Govt of NCT of Delhi & Bar Council of India)
Third Normal Form
EmpNum EmpName DeptNum DeptName
EmpName, DeptNum, and DeptName are non-key attributes.
DeptNum determines DeptName, a non-key attribute, and DeptNum is not a
candidate key.
Consider this Employee relation
Is the relation in 3NF? … no
Is the relation in 2NF? … yes
Is the relation in BCNF? … no
Candidate keys
are? …
25. Chanderprabhu Jain College of Higher Studies & School of Law
Plot No. OCF, Sector A-8, Narela, New Delhi – 110040
(Affiliated to Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University and Approved by Govt of NCT of Delhi & Bar Council of India)
Third Normal Form
EmpNum EmpName DeptNum DeptName
We correct the situation by decomposing the original relation into two 3NF
relations. Note the decomposition is lossless.
EmpNum EmpName DeptNum DeptNameDeptNum
Verify these two relations are in 3NF.
26. Chanderprabhu Jain College of Higher Studies & School of Law
Plot No. OCF, Sector A-8, Narela, New Delhi – 110040
(Affiliated to Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University and Approved by Govt of NCT of Delhi & Bar Council of India)
student_no course_no instr_no
Instructor teaches one
course only.
Student takes a course
and has one instructor.
In 3NF, but not in BCNF:
{student_no, course_no} instr_no
instr_no course_no
since we have instr_no course-no, but instr_no is not a
Candidate key.
27. Chanderprabhu Jain College of Higher Studies & School of Law
Plot No. OCF, Sector A-8, Narela, New Delhi – 110040
(Affiliated to Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University and Approved by Govt of NCT of Delhi & Bar Council of India)
course_no instr_no
student_no instr_no
student_no course_no instr_no
{student_no, instr_no} student_no
{student_no, instr_no} instr_no
instr_no course_no