CBT skills usage after receiving internet-delivered cognitive behavioral therapy (iCBT) was assessed to understand its role in maintaining treatment effects. 77 participants completed measures of depression, anxiety and functioning before, immediately after, and 3 months after iCBT. Symptoms significantly improved post-treatment and were maintained at follow-up. At follow-up, participants reported frequently using cognitive and behavioral CBT skills. While CBT skills usage predicted immediate outcomes, it did not predict maintenance of effects at 3-month follow-up, suggesting other factors may be involved in long-term outcomes.
There are many examples of evidence-informed decision making (EIDM) among public health professionals and organizations in Canada. However, there are limited mechanisms in place to facilitate the sharing of these stories within the public health community. The National Collaborating Centre for Methods and Tools (NCCMT) seeks to address this gap with an interactive, peer-led webinar series featuring a collection of EIDM success stories in public health.
These success stories will illustrate what EIDM in public health practice, programs and policy looks like across the country.
Join us to engage with public health practitioners across Canada as they share their success stories of using or implementing EIDM in the real world. Learn about the strategies and tools used by presenters to improve the use of evidence. Each webinar will feature two presentations. This series will feature authors from the NCCMT’s EIDM Casebook as well as other presenters.
Effective Psychological and Psychosocial Interventions to Prevent Perinatal Depression and Anxiety Disorders: A Rapid Review and Applicability Assessment
Becky Blair, Louise Azzara, John Barbaro, and Amy Faulkner, Simcoe-Muskoka District Health Unit
A higher-than-provincial-average rate of mental health concerns during pregnancy in the SMDHU catchment area prompted a review of the evidence for interventions to prevent perinatal mood disorders. Learn more about how this team synthesized available evidence and shared it with decision makers.
Building a Best Practice Tool to Address the Needs of Clients with Hepatitis C
Mary Guyton and Heidi Parker, Sherbourne Health Centre Site
Following Hepatitis C care integration within primary care settings, there was a lack of resources tailored to primary care nurses caring for Hep C patients. Learn more about how a best practice resource tool was developed to fill a resource gap.
What is the future of personal brain health? SharpBrains
Accelerating innovation is poised to enable systematic brain health self-monitoring and self-care, which in turn can transform what it means to live healthy and fulfilling lives. What concrete steps can individuals take to manage and enhance brain health and heal illness throughout the various stages of life?
- Chair: Alvaro Fernandez, CEO of SharpBrains, YGL Class of 2012
- Barbara Arrowsmith Young, author of The Woman Who Changed Her Brain
- Alexandra Morehouse, VP Brand Management at Kaiser Permanente
This session took place at the 2013 SharpBrains Virtual Summit: http://sharpbrains.com/summit-2013/agenda/
Psychological depression prevention programs for 5-10 year olds: What’s the e...Health Evidence™
Health Evidence hosted a 90 minute webinar on Workplace Wellness. This work received support from KT Canada funding from the Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR). Key messages and implications for practice were presented on Tuesday November 05, 2013 at 1:00 pm EST.
This webinar focused on interpreting the evidence in the following review:
Bergerman, L., Corabian, P., and Harstall, C. (2009). Effectiveness of organizational interventions for the prevention of workplace stress (Report). Alberta, Canada: Institute of Health Economics. Retrieved from: http://www.ihe.ca/documents/Interventions_for_prevention_of_workplace_stress.pdf
Lori Greco, Knowledge Broker with Health Evidence, lead the webinar.
Dr Geoff Waghorn is from the Queensland Center for Mental Health Research, Australia and spent 8 days based at Sainsbury Centre as part of an International Initiative for Mental Health Leadership event.
He presented an Australian perspective on IPS to a group of colleagues in London.
Originally uploaded on 28 May 2010.
There are many examples of evidence-informed decision making (EIDM) among public health professionals and organizations in Canada. However, there are limited mechanisms in place to facilitate the sharing of these stories within the public health community. The National Collaborating Centre for Methods and Tools (NCCMT) seeks to address this gap with an interactive, peer-led webinar series featuring a collection of EIDM success stories in public health.
These success stories will illustrate what EIDM in public health practice, programs and policy looks like across the country.
Join us to engage with public health practitioners across Canada as they share their success stories of using or implementing EIDM in the real world. Learn about the strategies and tools used by presenters to improve the use of evidence. Each webinar will feature two presentations. This series will feature authors from the NCCMT’s EIDM Casebook as well as other presenters.
Effective Psychological and Psychosocial Interventions to Prevent Perinatal Depression and Anxiety Disorders: A Rapid Review and Applicability Assessment
Becky Blair, Louise Azzara, John Barbaro, and Amy Faulkner, Simcoe-Muskoka District Health Unit
A higher-than-provincial-average rate of mental health concerns during pregnancy in the SMDHU catchment area prompted a review of the evidence for interventions to prevent perinatal mood disorders. Learn more about how this team synthesized available evidence and shared it with decision makers.
Building a Best Practice Tool to Address the Needs of Clients with Hepatitis C
Mary Guyton and Heidi Parker, Sherbourne Health Centre Site
Following Hepatitis C care integration within primary care settings, there was a lack of resources tailored to primary care nurses caring for Hep C patients. Learn more about how a best practice resource tool was developed to fill a resource gap.
What is the future of personal brain health? SharpBrains
Accelerating innovation is poised to enable systematic brain health self-monitoring and self-care, which in turn can transform what it means to live healthy and fulfilling lives. What concrete steps can individuals take to manage and enhance brain health and heal illness throughout the various stages of life?
- Chair: Alvaro Fernandez, CEO of SharpBrains, YGL Class of 2012
- Barbara Arrowsmith Young, author of The Woman Who Changed Her Brain
- Alexandra Morehouse, VP Brand Management at Kaiser Permanente
This session took place at the 2013 SharpBrains Virtual Summit: http://sharpbrains.com/summit-2013/agenda/
Psychological depression prevention programs for 5-10 year olds: What’s the e...Health Evidence™
Health Evidence hosted a 90 minute webinar on Workplace Wellness. This work received support from KT Canada funding from the Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR). Key messages and implications for practice were presented on Tuesday November 05, 2013 at 1:00 pm EST.
This webinar focused on interpreting the evidence in the following review:
Bergerman, L., Corabian, P., and Harstall, C. (2009). Effectiveness of organizational interventions for the prevention of workplace stress (Report). Alberta, Canada: Institute of Health Economics. Retrieved from: http://www.ihe.ca/documents/Interventions_for_prevention_of_workplace_stress.pdf
Lori Greco, Knowledge Broker with Health Evidence, lead the webinar.
Dr Geoff Waghorn is from the Queensland Center for Mental Health Research, Australia and spent 8 days based at Sainsbury Centre as part of an International Initiative for Mental Health Leadership event.
He presented an Australian perspective on IPS to a group of colleagues in London.
Originally uploaded on 28 May 2010.
coQoL: co-calibrating physical and psychological outcomes and consumer wearab...Vlad Manea
Thank You for referencing this work, if you find it useful!
Citation of a related scientific paper:
Manea, V., & Wac, K. (2020). Co-Calibrating Physical and Psychological Outcomes and Consumer Wearable Activity Outcomes in Older Adults: An Evaluation of the coQoL Method. Journal of Personalized Medicine, 10(4), 203. DOI https://doi.org/10.3390/jpm10040203
A Call to Action: Improving brain & mental health via digital platforms,...SharpBrains
(Session held at the 2014 SharpBrains Virtual Summit; October 28-30th, 2014)
8:15–9:45am. A Call to Action: Improving brain & mental health via digital platforms, neuroplasticity research and the White House BRAIN initiative
- Dr. Thomas Insel, Director of the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH)
- Dr. Adam Gazzaley, Director of UCSF Neuroscience Imaging Center and Co-founder of Akili Interactive Labs
- Dr. Daphne Bavelier, Head of the Brain & Learning Lab at the University of Geneva & U. of Rochester
- Jack Young, Head of Qualcomm Life Fund
- Chair: Alvaro Fernandez, CEO of SharpBrains
Learn more here:
http://sharpbrains.com/summit-2014/agenda/
Summary of current research on routine outcome measurement, feedback, the validity, reliability, and effectiveness of the ORS and SRS (or PCOMS Outcome Management System)
Previous research shows deficits in Executive Function (EF) in patients with anxiety and depression. Recent studies have shown that EF measured by neuro-imaging and Neuro-psychological tests predicts treatment outcomes for depression, but it is unclear whether they predict outcomes for anxiety. Neuro-imaging and
Neuro-psychological tests are effective but intensive procedures that may not always be accessible to clinicians. Previous research has explored the viability of questionnaire measures of EF. A previous study suggests that the Revised by executive Questionnaire (DEX-R) predicts concurrent depression and anxiety; however, it is unclear how comorbidity influenced these results. The purpose of the current study was to investigate whether a questionnaire measure of EF could predict concurrent depression and anxiety and well as outcomes following treatment. A total of 206 psychiatric outpatients with major depression or anxiety disorders completed the DEX-R prior to Group Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (GCBT). They also completed anxiety and depression scales at pre-and post-treatment. Executive dysfunction predicted symptom severity for pre-treatment anxiety after controlling for comorbid depression, and for pre-treatment depression after controlling for comorbid anxiety. Symptom severity in anxiety was predicted by specific executive deficits in inhibition; symptom severity in depression was predicted by executive problems with volition and social regulation.
DEX-R significantly predicted post-treatment symptoms of anxiety but not depression following treatment in GCBT. It was concluded that EF deficits are associated with both anxiety and depressive disorders and predict responsiveness to treatment for anxiety patients. Screening of psychiatric patients for EF and, where indicated, incorporation of neurocognitive training strategies into therapy, may improve treatment outcomes.
This presentation aims to summarise and simplify the EBP process and features suggestions and tips to create an EBP project. It also shows several completed EBP projects.
Summary of SAMHSA's review of and listing of feedback Informed Treatment as an evidence-based practice. The International Center for Clinical Excellence received perfect scores for readiness for dissemination materials
Exercise programs for people with dementia: What's the evidence?Health Evidence™
Health Evidence hosted a 90 minute webinar examining the effectiveness of exercise programs for people with dementia. Click here for access to the audio recording: https://youtu.be/jC8HhC2XFrE
Dorothy Forbes, Professor, Faculty of Nursing, University of Alberta, Edmonton led the session and presented findings from her latest Cochrane review:
Forbes, D., Forbes, S. C., Blake, C. M., Thiessen, E. J., & Forbes, S. (2015). Exercise programs for people with dementia. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 2015(4), CD006489.
As the population ages, the number of people suffering with dementia will also rise. Not only will this affect quality of life of people with dementia but will also increase the burden of family caregivers, community care, and residential care services. Exercise interventions have been identified as a potential way of reducing or delaying the progression of dementia and its symptoms. This review examines two questions: do exercise programs for older people with dementia improve cognition, activities of daily living (ADLs), challenging behaviour, depression, and mortality in older people with dementia? and; do exercise programs for older people with dementia have an indirect impact on family caregivers' burden, quality of life, and mortality?
REVIEW ARTICLE
Internet-based cognitive behaviour therapy for symptoms
of depression and anxiety: a meta-analysis
VIOLA SPEK1 ,2*, PIM CUIJPERS 3, IVAN NYKLÍČEK1, HELEEN RIPER4,
JULES KEYZER 2 A N D VICTOR POP 1,2
1 Department of Psychology and Health, Tilburg University, The Netherlands; 2 Diagnostic Centre Eindhoven,
The Netherlands; 3 Department of Clinical Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, The Netherlands;
4 Trimbos-instituut, Netherlands Institute of Mental Health and Addiction, The Netherlands
ABSTRACT
Background. We studied to what extent internet-based cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT)
programs for symptoms of depression and anxiety are effective.
Method. A meta-analysis of 12 randomized controlled trials.
Results. The effects of internet-based CBT were compared to control conditions in 13 contrast
groups with a total number of 2334 participants. A meta-analysis on treatment contrasts resulted in
a moderate to large mean effect size [fixed effects analysis (FEA) d=0.40, mixed effects analysis
(MEA) d=0.60] and significant heterogeneity. Therefore, two sets of post hoc subgroup analyses
were carried out. Analyses on the type of symptoms revealed that interventions for symptoms of
depression had a small mean effect size (FEA d=0.27, MEA d=0.32) and significant heterogeneity.
Further analyses showed that one study could be regarded as an outlier. Analyses without this study
showed a small mean effect size and moderate, non-significant heterogeneity. Interventions for
anxiety had a large mean effect size (FEA and MEA d=0.96) and very low heterogeneity. When
examining the second set of subgroups, based on therapist assistance, no significant heterogeneity
was found. Interventions with therapist support (n=5) had a large mean effect size, while inter-
ventions without therapist support (n=6) had a small mean effect size (FEA d=0.24, MEA
d=0.26).
Conclusions. In general, effect sizes of internet-based interventions for symptoms of anxiety were
larger than effect sizes for depressive symptoms; however, this might be explained by differences
in the amount of therapist support.
INTRODUCTION
Cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT) is a widely
used and effective form of therapy for a wide
range of psychological disorders, including
depression and anxiety disorders (Hollon et al.
2006). In the industrialized societies, the internet
has become integrated into the daily lives of
a large part of the population. The number of
people using the internet is still rising. Internet
use has even spread among the groups that
are not usually the first to use a new technology,
namely women, elderly people and minority
groups (Lamerichs, 2003). The expansion of the
internet offers new treatment opportunities.
CBT is very suitable for adaptation to a com-
puter format. It is a structured treatment ap-
proach with the aim of developing new types of
behaviour and cognition.
Internet-based CBT has advantages over tra-
ditional CBT for both clients ...
Achieving behaviour change for patient safety, Judith Dyson, Lecturer, Mental Health - University of Hull
Presentation from the Patient Safety Collaborative launch event held in London on 14 October 2014
More information at http://www.nhsiq.nhs.uk/improvement-programmes/patient-safety/patient-safety-collaboratives.aspx
Comparison of registered and published intervention fidelity assessment in cl...valéry ridde
A methodologically oriented systematic review was conducted to study current practices concerning the assessment of intervention fidelity in CRTs of public health interventions conducted in LMICs.
coQoL: co-calibrating physical and psychological outcomes and consumer wearab...Vlad Manea
Thank You for referencing this work, if you find it useful!
Citation of a related scientific paper:
Manea, V., & Wac, K. (2020). Co-Calibrating Physical and Psychological Outcomes and Consumer Wearable Activity Outcomes in Older Adults: An Evaluation of the coQoL Method. Journal of Personalized Medicine, 10(4), 203. DOI https://doi.org/10.3390/jpm10040203
A Call to Action: Improving brain & mental health via digital platforms,...SharpBrains
(Session held at the 2014 SharpBrains Virtual Summit; October 28-30th, 2014)
8:15–9:45am. A Call to Action: Improving brain & mental health via digital platforms, neuroplasticity research and the White House BRAIN initiative
- Dr. Thomas Insel, Director of the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH)
- Dr. Adam Gazzaley, Director of UCSF Neuroscience Imaging Center and Co-founder of Akili Interactive Labs
- Dr. Daphne Bavelier, Head of the Brain & Learning Lab at the University of Geneva & U. of Rochester
- Jack Young, Head of Qualcomm Life Fund
- Chair: Alvaro Fernandez, CEO of SharpBrains
Learn more here:
http://sharpbrains.com/summit-2014/agenda/
Summary of current research on routine outcome measurement, feedback, the validity, reliability, and effectiveness of the ORS and SRS (or PCOMS Outcome Management System)
Previous research shows deficits in Executive Function (EF) in patients with anxiety and depression. Recent studies have shown that EF measured by neuro-imaging and Neuro-psychological tests predicts treatment outcomes for depression, but it is unclear whether they predict outcomes for anxiety. Neuro-imaging and
Neuro-psychological tests are effective but intensive procedures that may not always be accessible to clinicians. Previous research has explored the viability of questionnaire measures of EF. A previous study suggests that the Revised by executive Questionnaire (DEX-R) predicts concurrent depression and anxiety; however, it is unclear how comorbidity influenced these results. The purpose of the current study was to investigate whether a questionnaire measure of EF could predict concurrent depression and anxiety and well as outcomes following treatment. A total of 206 psychiatric outpatients with major depression or anxiety disorders completed the DEX-R prior to Group Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (GCBT). They also completed anxiety and depression scales at pre-and post-treatment. Executive dysfunction predicted symptom severity for pre-treatment anxiety after controlling for comorbid depression, and for pre-treatment depression after controlling for comorbid anxiety. Symptom severity in anxiety was predicted by specific executive deficits in inhibition; symptom severity in depression was predicted by executive problems with volition and social regulation.
DEX-R significantly predicted post-treatment symptoms of anxiety but not depression following treatment in GCBT. It was concluded that EF deficits are associated with both anxiety and depressive disorders and predict responsiveness to treatment for anxiety patients. Screening of psychiatric patients for EF and, where indicated, incorporation of neurocognitive training strategies into therapy, may improve treatment outcomes.
This presentation aims to summarise and simplify the EBP process and features suggestions and tips to create an EBP project. It also shows several completed EBP projects.
Summary of SAMHSA's review of and listing of feedback Informed Treatment as an evidence-based practice. The International Center for Clinical Excellence received perfect scores for readiness for dissemination materials
Exercise programs for people with dementia: What's the evidence?Health Evidence™
Health Evidence hosted a 90 minute webinar examining the effectiveness of exercise programs for people with dementia. Click here for access to the audio recording: https://youtu.be/jC8HhC2XFrE
Dorothy Forbes, Professor, Faculty of Nursing, University of Alberta, Edmonton led the session and presented findings from her latest Cochrane review:
Forbes, D., Forbes, S. C., Blake, C. M., Thiessen, E. J., & Forbes, S. (2015). Exercise programs for people with dementia. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 2015(4), CD006489.
As the population ages, the number of people suffering with dementia will also rise. Not only will this affect quality of life of people with dementia but will also increase the burden of family caregivers, community care, and residential care services. Exercise interventions have been identified as a potential way of reducing or delaying the progression of dementia and its symptoms. This review examines two questions: do exercise programs for older people with dementia improve cognition, activities of daily living (ADLs), challenging behaviour, depression, and mortality in older people with dementia? and; do exercise programs for older people with dementia have an indirect impact on family caregivers' burden, quality of life, and mortality?
REVIEW ARTICLE
Internet-based cognitive behaviour therapy for symptoms
of depression and anxiety: a meta-analysis
VIOLA SPEK1 ,2*, PIM CUIJPERS 3, IVAN NYKLÍČEK1, HELEEN RIPER4,
JULES KEYZER 2 A N D VICTOR POP 1,2
1 Department of Psychology and Health, Tilburg University, The Netherlands; 2 Diagnostic Centre Eindhoven,
The Netherlands; 3 Department of Clinical Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, The Netherlands;
4 Trimbos-instituut, Netherlands Institute of Mental Health and Addiction, The Netherlands
ABSTRACT
Background. We studied to what extent internet-based cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT)
programs for symptoms of depression and anxiety are effective.
Method. A meta-analysis of 12 randomized controlled trials.
Results. The effects of internet-based CBT were compared to control conditions in 13 contrast
groups with a total number of 2334 participants. A meta-analysis on treatment contrasts resulted in
a moderate to large mean effect size [fixed effects analysis (FEA) d=0.40, mixed effects analysis
(MEA) d=0.60] and significant heterogeneity. Therefore, two sets of post hoc subgroup analyses
were carried out. Analyses on the type of symptoms revealed that interventions for symptoms of
depression had a small mean effect size (FEA d=0.27, MEA d=0.32) and significant heterogeneity.
Further analyses showed that one study could be regarded as an outlier. Analyses without this study
showed a small mean effect size and moderate, non-significant heterogeneity. Interventions for
anxiety had a large mean effect size (FEA and MEA d=0.96) and very low heterogeneity. When
examining the second set of subgroups, based on therapist assistance, no significant heterogeneity
was found. Interventions with therapist support (n=5) had a large mean effect size, while inter-
ventions without therapist support (n=6) had a small mean effect size (FEA d=0.24, MEA
d=0.26).
Conclusions. In general, effect sizes of internet-based interventions for symptoms of anxiety were
larger than effect sizes for depressive symptoms; however, this might be explained by differences
in the amount of therapist support.
INTRODUCTION
Cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT) is a widely
used and effective form of therapy for a wide
range of psychological disorders, including
depression and anxiety disorders (Hollon et al.
2006). In the industrialized societies, the internet
has become integrated into the daily lives of
a large part of the population. The number of
people using the internet is still rising. Internet
use has even spread among the groups that
are not usually the first to use a new technology,
namely women, elderly people and minority
groups (Lamerichs, 2003). The expansion of the
internet offers new treatment opportunities.
CBT is very suitable for adaptation to a com-
puter format. It is a structured treatment ap-
proach with the aim of developing new types of
behaviour and cognition.
Internet-based CBT has advantages over tra-
ditional CBT for both clients ...
Achieving behaviour change for patient safety, Judith Dyson, Lecturer, Mental Health - University of Hull
Presentation from the Patient Safety Collaborative launch event held in London on 14 October 2014
More information at http://www.nhsiq.nhs.uk/improvement-programmes/patient-safety/patient-safety-collaboratives.aspx
Comparison of registered and published intervention fidelity assessment in cl...valéry ridde
A methodologically oriented systematic review was conducted to study current practices concerning the assessment of intervention fidelity in CRTs of public health interventions conducted in LMICs.
Information interventions for injury recovery: a reviewAlex Collie
This presentation reports the results of a systematic review of information based interventions for injury recovery. It was presented at the Canadian Association for Research on Work and Health (CARWH) conference in 2012. The study has since been published in the Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine. A link to the study is here:
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22674232
To Chart a Course: How to Improve Our Adventure Therapy Practice Will Dobud
Presented at the 8th International International Adventure Therapy Conference in Sydney 2018.
In the most comprehensive adventure therapy study published to date, Bowen and Neill (2013) argued that “a small percentage of adventure therapy programs undergo empirical program evaluation” (p. 41), that being less than 1%. With about three decades of research supporting the efficacy of adventure therapy, though we still have questions about dose-effect and for who adventure therapy is most effective (Gass, Gillis, & Russell, 2012; Gillis & Speelman, 2008; Norton et al., 2014) and adventure therapy performing on par with other therapeutic modalities (Dobud & Harper, 2018), there is little question that adventure therapy stands as a bonafide option as a therapeutic treatment. That is the good news.
With the publication of the first meta-analysis of psychotherapy outcomes, Smith and Glass (1977) found that participants engaging in some type of therapy were bever off than 70-80% of those that received no therapy at all. These encouraging effect sizes were on par with or outperformed many common medical treatments, such as taking an ibuprofen for a headache (Miller, Hubble, Chow, & Seidel, 2013). The psychotherapy clinical trials were conducted with research participants randomly receiving either some type of therapeutic interventions or no treatment at all (Smith & Glass, 1977). The researchers further acknowledged that when participants were randomly selected to receive one of
two different therapies, such as Cogni`ve-Behavioural or Psychodynamic Therapy, no difference in outcomes could be
found despite the theoretical differences of the two. Despite the limited publications and dissertations where adventure therapy was compared to a therapeutic intervention containing no adventurous components, we have a similar issue that adventure therapy tends to perform on par, no greater and no worse, than its counterparts (Dobud & Harper, 2018; Harper, 2010). The specific differences that suggest certain therapies are unique hold little to no variance in outcomes (Ahn & Wampold, 2001). Since Smith and Glass' (1977) pinnacle study, outcomes across psychotherapy have flatlined. Despite a ballooning of new diagnostic criteria and mushrooming of empirically supported treatments, there has been no improvement in outcomes (Asay & Lambert, 1999; Miller et al., 2013; Wampold, 2001). This presentation will attempt to untangle some of the factors put forward by researchers over the last two decades to illustrate those factors most likely to lead to improved therapeutic outcomes, such as establishing goal consensus with clients, improving the therapeutic relationship, and monitoring outcomes (Lambert, 2010; Wampold, 2001). Though this workshop will present some of these important findings, the presentation will stage my experiential journey in reaching out to coaches, researchers, and supervisors in trying to improve my outcomes as a therapist, one client at a time.
The role of individual education plans (IEPs) in post-primary schools in the transition planning process into post-secondary education (PSE) for individuals with an autism spectrum disorder
Professional air quality monitoring systems provide immediate, on-site data for analysis, compliance, and decision-making.
Monitor common gases, weather parameters, particulates.
Salas, V. (2024) "John of St. Thomas (Poinsot) on the Science of Sacred Theol...Studia Poinsotiana
I Introduction
II Subalternation and Theology
III Theology and Dogmatic Declarations
IV The Mixed Principles of Theology
V Virtual Revelation: The Unity of Theology
VI Theology as a Natural Science
VII Theology’s Certitude
VIII Conclusion
Notes
Bibliography
All the contents are fully attributable to the author, Doctor Victor Salas. Should you wish to get this text republished, get in touch with the author or the editorial committee of the Studia Poinsotiana. Insofar as possible, we will be happy to broker your contact.
(May 29th, 2024) Advancements in Intravital Microscopy- Insights for Preclini...Scintica Instrumentation
Intravital microscopy (IVM) is a powerful tool utilized to study cellular behavior over time and space in vivo. Much of our understanding of cell biology has been accomplished using various in vitro and ex vivo methods; however, these studies do not necessarily reflect the natural dynamics of biological processes. Unlike traditional cell culture or fixed tissue imaging, IVM allows for the ultra-fast high-resolution imaging of cellular processes over time and space and were studied in its natural environment. Real-time visualization of biological processes in the context of an intact organism helps maintain physiological relevance and provide insights into the progression of disease, response to treatments or developmental processes.
In this webinar we give an overview of advanced applications of the IVM system in preclinical research. IVIM technology is a provider of all-in-one intravital microscopy systems and solutions optimized for in vivo imaging of live animal models at sub-micron resolution. The system’s unique features and user-friendly software enables researchers to probe fast dynamic biological processes such as immune cell tracking, cell-cell interaction as well as vascularization and tumor metastasis with exceptional detail. This webinar will also give an overview of IVM being utilized in drug development, offering a view into the intricate interaction between drugs/nanoparticles and tissues in vivo and allows for the evaluation of therapeutic intervention in a variety of tissues and organs. This interdisciplinary collaboration continues to drive the advancements of novel therapeutic strategies.
The ability to recreate computational results with minimal effort and actionable metrics provides a solid foundation for scientific research and software development. When people can replicate an analysis at the touch of a button using open-source software, open data, and methods to assess and compare proposals, it significantly eases verification of results, engagement with a diverse range of contributors, and progress. However, we have yet to fully achieve this; there are still many sociotechnical frictions.
Inspired by David Donoho's vision, this talk aims to revisit the three crucial pillars of frictionless reproducibility (data sharing, code sharing, and competitive challenges) with the perspective of deep software variability.
Our observation is that multiple layers — hardware, operating systems, third-party libraries, software versions, input data, compile-time options, and parameters — are subject to variability that exacerbates frictions but is also essential for achieving robust, generalizable results and fostering innovation. I will first review the literature, providing evidence of how the complex variability interactions across these layers affect qualitative and quantitative software properties, thereby complicating the reproduction and replication of scientific studies in various fields.
I will then present some software engineering and AI techniques that can support the strategic exploration of variability spaces. These include the use of abstractions and models (e.g., feature models), sampling strategies (e.g., uniform, random), cost-effective measurements (e.g., incremental build of software configurations), and dimensionality reduction methods (e.g., transfer learning, feature selection, software debloating).
I will finally argue that deep variability is both the problem and solution of frictionless reproducibility, calling the software science community to develop new methods and tools to manage variability and foster reproducibility in software systems.
Exposé invité Journées Nationales du GDR GPL 2024
THE IMPORTANCE OF MARTIAN ATMOSPHERE SAMPLE RETURN.Sérgio Sacani
The return of a sample of near-surface atmosphere from Mars would facilitate answers to several first-order science questions surrounding the formation and evolution of the planet. One of the important aspects of terrestrial planet formation in general is the role that primary atmospheres played in influencing the chemistry and structure of the planets and their antecedents. Studies of the martian atmosphere can be used to investigate the role of a primary atmosphere in its history. Atmosphere samples would also inform our understanding of the near-surface chemistry of the planet, and ultimately the prospects for life. High-precision isotopic analyses of constituent gases are needed to address these questions, requiring that the analyses are made on returned samples rather than in situ.
Deep Behavioral Phenotyping in Systems Neuroscience for Functional Atlasing a...Ana Luísa Pinho
Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) provides means to characterize brain activations in response to behavior. However, cognitive neuroscience has been limited to group-level effects referring to the performance of specific tasks. To obtain the functional profile of elementary cognitive mechanisms, the combination of brain responses to many tasks is required. Yet, to date, both structural atlases and parcellation-based activations do not fully account for cognitive function and still present several limitations. Further, they do not adapt overall to individual characteristics. In this talk, I will give an account of deep-behavioral phenotyping strategies, namely data-driven methods in large task-fMRI datasets, to optimize functional brain-data collection and improve inference of effects-of-interest related to mental processes. Key to this approach is the employment of fast multi-functional paradigms rich on features that can be well parametrized and, consequently, facilitate the creation of psycho-physiological constructs to be modelled with imaging data. Particular emphasis will be given to music stimuli when studying high-order cognitive mechanisms, due to their ecological nature and quality to enable complex behavior compounded by discrete entities. I will also discuss how deep-behavioral phenotyping and individualized models applied to neuroimaging data can better account for the subject-specific organization of domain-general cognitive systems in the human brain. Finally, the accumulation of functional brain signatures brings the possibility to clarify relationships among tasks and create a univocal link between brain systems and mental functions through: (1) the development of ontologies proposing an organization of cognitive processes; and (2) brain-network taxonomies describing functional specialization. To this end, tools to improve commensurability in cognitive science are necessary, such as public repositories, ontology-based platforms and automated meta-analysis tools. I will thus discuss some brain-atlasing resources currently under development, and their applicability in cognitive as well as clinical neuroscience.
DERIVATION OF MODIFIED BERNOULLI EQUATION WITH VISCOUS EFFECTS AND TERMINAL V...Wasswaderrick3
In this book, we use conservation of energy techniques on a fluid element to derive the Modified Bernoulli equation of flow with viscous or friction effects. We derive the general equation of flow/ velocity and then from this we derive the Pouiselle flow equation, the transition flow equation and the turbulent flow equation. In the situations where there are no viscous effects , the equation reduces to the Bernoulli equation. From experimental results, we are able to include other terms in the Bernoulli equation. We also look at cases where pressure gradients exist. We use the Modified Bernoulli equation to derive equations of flow rate for pipes of different cross sectional areas connected together. We also extend our techniques of energy conservation to a sphere falling in a viscous medium under the effect of gravity. We demonstrate Stokes equation of terminal velocity and turbulent flow equation. We look at a way of calculating the time taken for a body to fall in a viscous medium. We also look at the general equation of terminal velocity.
Seminar of U.V. Spectroscopy by SAMIR PANDASAMIR PANDA
Spectroscopy is a branch of science dealing the study of interaction of electromagnetic radiation with matter.
Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy refers to absorption spectroscopy or reflect spectroscopy in the UV-VIS spectral region.
Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy is an analytical method that can measure the amount of light received by the analyte.
Toxic effects of heavy metals : Lead and Arsenicsanjana502982
Heavy metals are naturally occuring metallic chemical elements that have relatively high density, and are toxic at even low concentrations. All toxic metals are termed as heavy metals irrespective of their atomic mass and density, eg. arsenic, lead, mercury, cadmium, thallium, chromium, etc.
Slide 1: Title Slide
Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Slide 2: Introduction to Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Definition: Extrachromosomal inheritance refers to the transmission of genetic material that is not found within the nucleus.
Key Components: Involves genes located in mitochondria, chloroplasts, and plasmids.
Slide 3: Mitochondrial Inheritance
Mitochondria: Organelles responsible for energy production.
Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA): Circular DNA molecule found in mitochondria.
Inheritance Pattern: Maternally inherited, meaning it is passed from mothers to all their offspring.
Diseases: Examples include Leber’s hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON) and mitochondrial myopathy.
Slide 4: Chloroplast Inheritance
Chloroplasts: Organelles responsible for photosynthesis in plants.
Chloroplast DNA (cpDNA): Circular DNA molecule found in chloroplasts.
Inheritance Pattern: Often maternally inherited in most plants, but can vary in some species.
Examples: Variegation in plants, where leaf color patterns are determined by chloroplast DNA.
Slide 5: Plasmid Inheritance
Plasmids: Small, circular DNA molecules found in bacteria and some eukaryotes.
Features: Can carry antibiotic resistance genes and can be transferred between cells through processes like conjugation.
Significance: Important in biotechnology for gene cloning and genetic engineering.
Slide 6: Mechanisms of Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Non-Mendelian Patterns: Do not follow Mendel’s laws of inheritance.
Cytoplasmic Segregation: During cell division, organelles like mitochondria and chloroplasts are randomly distributed to daughter cells.
Heteroplasmy: Presence of more than one type of organellar genome within a cell, leading to variation in expression.
Slide 7: Examples of Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Four O’clock Plant (Mirabilis jalapa): Shows variegated leaves due to different cpDNA in leaf cells.
Petite Mutants in Yeast: Result from mutations in mitochondrial DNA affecting respiration.
Slide 8: Importance of Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Evolution: Provides insight into the evolution of eukaryotic cells.
Medicine: Understanding mitochondrial inheritance helps in diagnosing and treating mitochondrial diseases.
Agriculture: Chloroplast inheritance can be used in plant breeding and genetic modification.
Slide 9: Recent Research and Advances
Gene Editing: Techniques like CRISPR-Cas9 are being used to edit mitochondrial and chloroplast DNA.
Therapies: Development of mitochondrial replacement therapy (MRT) for preventing mitochondrial diseases.
Slide 10: Conclusion
Summary: Extrachromosomal inheritance involves the transmission of genetic material outside the nucleus and plays a crucial role in genetics, medicine, and biotechnology.
Future Directions: Continued research and technological advancements hold promise for new treatments and applications.
Slide 11: Questions and Discussion
Invite Audience: Open the floor for any questions or further discussion on the topic.
1. Internet-Delivered Cognitive-
Behaviour Therapy for Anxiety and
Depression:
CBT Skills Usage and its Role in
Maintaining Outcomes
By Nora Eilert
Supervised by
Dr Ladislav Timulak
Dr Derek Richards
3. Introduction
Internet-delivered Cognitive Behaviour Therapy (iCBT)
has been found to be effective in treating various
psychological disorders (i.e. Hedman et al., 2013; Richards, Richardson,
Timulak & McElvaney, 2015; Tulbure et al., 2015; Wagner, Horn, & Maercker, 2014)
Gaps in the iCBT literature remain around long-term
effectiveness of iCBT & mechansims of change involved
(Andersson, 2016; Mogoașe, Cobeanu, David, Giosan & Szentagotai, 2016)
4. Introduction
iCBT follow-up outcome research is insufficient & little is
know about which factors promote lasting change
Understanding mechanisms of change involved in iCBT
will be essential in ruling out a lack of reliable change as
cause of inconsistent long-term effect findings
(Andersson, 2016; Mogoașe, Cobeanu,
David, Giosan & Szentagotai, 2016)
5. Introduction
Little research available into mediators of iCBT and CBT
follow-up outcomes
Currently most supported mediator of iCBT and CBT
follow-up outcomes is CBT skills usage
CBT skills usage refers to how much individuals use the
techniques and strategies they learned during CBT
(i.e. French et al., 2016; Halmetoja,
Malmquist, Carlbring & Andersson, 2014)
6. Aims
To further support the long-term effectiveness of iCBT for
anxiety and depression by exploring how effects are
maintained into follow-up
To assess CBT skills usages after receiving iCBT in general
and its role in maintenance of outcomes in particular
7. Research Questions &
Hypothesis
What does CBT skills usage after iCBT look like?
How often do participants use CBT skills?
What are participants experiences around using CBT skills?
Does CBT skills usage predict maintenance of effects
after iCBT?
In line with research on immediate iCBT outcomes (Forand et al.,
2017; Terides et al., 2017), CBT skills usage was hypothesised to predict
follow-up outcomes of iCBT as well
8. Method
The current study was nested in large Randomised
Controlled Trial (RCT) conducted by SilverCloud Health
and the Berkshire NHS Trust in the UK
Berkshire NHS Trust operates a stepped care model with
iCBT at step two
SilverCloud Health is a provider of online therapeutic
solutions widely used across UK primary mental health
services
9. The parent study
Single-blinded, parallel-groups RCT to test effectiveness
and cost-effectiveness of iCBT for anxiety & depression
against a wait-list control
Randomisation 2:1
Includes follow-up assessments of the experimental
group at 3-, 6-, 9- and 12-months from baseline
Trial registration on Clinicaltrials.gov under identifier
NCT03188575
(Richards et al., 2018)
10. The current study
Within-group design, measuring psychological symptoms
and functioning before and after 8 weeks of iCBT and at
3-month follow-up in the experimental group only
CBT skills usage measured through mixed methods at
3-month follow-up
11. Participants
All adult Berkshire NHS Trust service users at Step 2 were
eligible to participate
Inclusion & exclusion criteria
Anxiety and/or depression (as per Patient Health Questionnaire-
9 & Generalised Anxiety Disorder-7)
18+ & suitable for iCBT
No suicidal ideation, psychotic illness, current treatment,
alcohol/drug misuse or organic mental health disorder
12. Participants
Sample for the current study = 79 participants
Completed 3-month follow-up measures
79 by the end of the February 2018
Assigned 3-month follow-up measures
96 by mid-February 2018
Randomised to experimental group
197 by the end of February
Consented to RCT
325 by the end of February (=cut off for inclusion in current study)
13. Materials – iCBT programs
Space from Depression
Space from Anxiety
Space from Depression
and Anxiety
Interactive, media-rich
content
Content and structure is
based on CBT principles
Includes information, videos,
quizzes, interactive activities,
homework suggestion and
personal stories
Regular reviews from trained
clinicians
14. Measures
Measure Assessment Time of assessment
Patient Health Questionnaire 9-item scale
(PHQ-9; Kroenke, Spitzer, & Williams, 2001; Spitzer,
Kroenke, & Williams, 1999)
Depression Baseline, post-
treatment, follow-up
Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7-item scale
(GAD-7; Spitzer, Kroenke, Williams, & Löwe, 2006)
Anxiety Baseline, post-
treatment, follow-up
Work and Social Adjustment Scale (5-items)
(WSAS; Mundt, Marks, Shear, & Greist, 2002)
Impaired
functioning
Baseline, post-
treatment, follow-up
Frequency of Thoughts and Actions Scale
(FATS; Terides et al., 2016)
CBT skills usage Follow-up
15. Outcome measures
PHQ-9, GAD-7 & WSAS are part of minimum data set
routinely completed with clients in primary care in the UK
Exhibit good reliability and validity
Extensively used in research
(Department of Health, 2011)
16. FATS
Assesses frequency with which CBT-related skills have
been used during the previous week
Comprises four subscales
cognitive restructuring, social interaction, rewarding
behaviours, activity scheduling
Acceptable to high internal consistency of subscales &
full scale and sensitive to change during iCBT
(Terides et al., 2016)
17. FATS
(Terides et al., 2016)
In the past week how often did you: Not at
all
One or
two
days
Half the
days
Almost
every
day
Every
day
1 Change your thinking to be more realistic and helpful? 0 1 2 3 4
2 Reframe a negative situation into a more positive one? 0 1 2 3 4
3 Stop yourself from thinking unhelpful and unrealistic thoughts? 0 1 2 3 4
4 Talk about your day with a friend or family member? 0 1 2 3 4
5 Have a meaningful conversation with someone? 0 1 2 3 4
6 Talk with a friend or family member on the phone? 0 1 2 3 4
7 Work on a project that was meaningful to you? 0 1 2 3 4
8 Do something that was very satisfying to you? 0 1 2 3 4
9 Do a hoppy or personal interest on your own? 0 1 2 3 4
10 Aim to spend time with positive people? 0 1 2 3 4
11 Plan a pleasant activity to make you feel better? 0 1 2 3 4
12 Plan to do something to motivate yourself? 0 1 2 3 4
FATS total score
18. FATS – qualitative extension
“1. As part of your SilverCloud program you were presented
with techniques and strategies (i.e. relaxation, challenging
your thoughts etc.) designed to help you cope with your
mental health difficulties better and improve your mental
wellbeing. However, different people may have experienced
these techniques and strategies differently. Are there any
particular techniques or strategies you used recently? And if
so, how have you found using them?”
“2. Are there any techniques or strategies you were using but
have stopped using recently? If so can you tell us what kind
of techniques or strategies they were and why you stopped
using them?”
19. Data Analysis
Follow-up
outcomes
Repeated measures ANOVAs with time as independent and PHQ-9, GAD-7 and
WSAS as dependent variables
CBT skills
usage at
follow-up
Cronbach’s Alpha & descriptive statistics for the FATS
Descriptive and Interpretative analysis following Elliot and Timulak’s (2005) steps
1) data preparation
2) delineation of meaning units
3) development of organising structure of data (i.e. domains)
4) generation of categories within domains & categorisation of meaning units
5) abstracting of main findings
6) integration with quantitative results and validity checks
Mediation
analysis
Multiple regression with pre-symptom levels and CBT skills usage (i.e. FATS) as
predictors of maintenance of effect on the PHQ-9, GAD-7 & WSAS
Multiple regression with pre- and post-treatment symptom levels as predictors of
follow-up CBT skills usage to address issues around temporality in the mediation
analysis
20. Results
Age range 18 to 74 with mean age 34
54 female – 25 male
31.7% - Space from Anxiety, 12.7% Space from
Depression, 55.7% Space from Depression and Anxiety
Two participants did not log-on post-randomisation and
where therefore excluded from the study
21. Follow-up Outcomes
Friedman’s nonparametric ANOVA was conducted
Listwise deletion applied of two participants that did not
complete all measures N=75
Significant difference in depressive symptoms, anxiety and
functioning across the three time-points
Wilcoxon tests were used to follow-up this finding
Depressive symptoms, anxiety and functioning significantly
improved from pre- to post-treatment & remained stable at
follow-up
22. Follow-up Outcomes
Means and standard deviations across the three time-
points and effect sizes for within-group effects (N=75)
Pre-treatment
M(SD)
Post-treatment
M(SD)
Follow-up
M(SD)
Pre-treatment/
Post-treatment
effect size*
Pre-treatment/
Follow-up
effect size*
PHQ-9 12.67(5.36) 8.17(5.42) 8.03(5.84) r = -.50 r = -.50
GAD-7 11.96(5.16) 7.16(5.31) 7.16(5.30) r = -.51 r = -.51
WSAS 16.25(7.48) 11.80(8.04) 11.05(8.72) r = -.34 r = -.41
23. Follow-up Outcomes
Figure 1. Means
of PHQ-9, GAD-7
and WSAS across
three time-points
(N=75)
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
Pre-treatment Post-treatment 3-month follow-up
Meanscore
WSAS PHQ-9 GAD-7
24. CBT skills usage
FATS – quantitative analysis N=77
FATS extension – qualitative analysis N=35 as
completion of qualitative questions was not compulsory
There were no statistically significant differences
between the qualitative subsample and full sample
25. CBT skills usage
Reliability analysis and descriptive statistics for FATS full scale
and subscales (N=77)
Cronbach’s Alpha M(SD)
Full scale .84 22.67 (8.52)
Cognitive Restructuring .76 5.53 (2.33)
Social Interaction .74 6.77 (3.30)
Rewarding Behaviour .68 4.88 (2.71)
Activity Scheduling .80 5.49 (2.96)
26. CBT skills usage
Qualitative analysis followed Elliot & Timulak’s (2005) steps for
descriptive and interpretive analysis
Data was analysed within four domains
1. CBT-related techniques and strategies used
2. Experiences using techniques/strategies
3. Discontinued CBT-related techniques and strategies
4. Experiences around discontinued techniques/strategies
Several categories & subcategories emerged within domains
27. CBT skills usage
CBT related techniques and strategies used at 3-month follow-up and participants’
experiences using them (N=35)
Techniques and strategies used NO Experiences using techniques and strategies NO
Cognitive techniques/strategies
‘Worry tree’ exercise
‘Worry time’ strategy
Thought monitoring
Challenging/changing thoughts
Self-analysis and thought-feeling-behaviour
cycles
Behavioural techniques/strategies
Breathing exercises
Relaxation exercises
Mindfulness and mediation exercises
Taking "me time"
Social support
Activation and activities
Specific goal-oriented strategies (i.e. sleep
hygiene, goal setting, problem-solving)
23
7
8
8
12
6
24
6
5
6
3
4
8
3
Helpful experience of
fostered insight and flexibility
self-compassion and self-efficacy
letting go and reduced symptoms
coping and problem solving
calm and relaxation
Hindering experiences of
insufficient effectiveness of
techniques/strategies
issues in applying techniques/ strategies in
challenging life circumstances
Proactive and on-going engagement in
selecting, tailoring and practicing
techniques/strategies
12
3
3
3
5
2
7
6
2
9
28. CBT skills usage
Proactive and on-going engagement in selecting,
tailoring and practicing techniques/strategies:
“I have found that writing the worries down and putting
them away until later mostly works for me. Some of the
time this doesn't work and then I try distracting myself”
(Pp76)
“Those are the main two that I use and have integrated
into my daily routine. I may revisit some others but I feel
that the ones I use most appropriately address the issues
that were most prominent” (Pp51)
29. CBT skills usage
CBT related techniques and strategies participants had stopped
using at 3-month follow-up and their experiences discontinuing to
use them (N = 9)
Discontinued techniques and strategies NO Experiences around discontinued
techniques and strategies
NO
Techniques around worry (i.e. "worry
time")
Breathing and relaxation exercises
Meditation
Positive action strategy (i.e. exercise)
Mood board exercise
Ignoring thoughts
3
1
1
2
1
1
Difficulties keeping up application of
techniques/strategies
Experiences of techniques/strategies
as ineffective
Experiences of other
techniques/strategies as superior
3
2
3
30. Integration of quantitative
and qualitative findings
Data complemented each other in extreme cases
Discrepancies in relation to citing of cognitive
restructuring and social interaction as a CBT skills in
qualitative and quantitative accounts
Reasons for this may relate to proceduralization of skills or
varying types of social interaction (structural vs.
functional)
31. CBT skills usage &
maintenace of outcomes
Hierarchical multiple regression with pre-treatment
symptom levels & CBT skills usage as predictors of
maintenance of effects at follow-up
Maintenance of effect variables were calculated by
subtracting follow-up score from post-treatment score
+ denotes further improvement
0 denotes maintenance of effect
- denotes deterioration
32. PHQ-9 – mediation analysis
PHQ-9 multiple hierarchical regression coefficients
B SE B β
Step 1 (Constant) 1.41 1.03
PHQ-9 Pre-treatment -0.09 0.07 -0.14
Step 2 (Constant) 0.40 1.56
PHQ-9 Pre-treatment -0.08 0.07 -0.13
FATS full scale 0.04 0.05 0.10
Note R2 =.02 at step 1, R2 =.03 at step 2; p>.05 for step 1 & 2
33. GAD-7 – mediation analysis
GAD-7 multiple hierarchical regression coefficients
B SE B β
Step 1 (Constant) 1.83 1.17
GAD-7 Pre-treatment -0.07 0.09 -0.09
Step 2 (Constant) 1.79 1.74
GAD-7 Pre-treatment -0.07 0.09 -0.09
FATS full scale 0.00 0.05 0.00
Note R 2=.01 at step 1, R2 =.01 at step 2; p>.05 for step1 & 2
34. WSAS – mediation analysis
In line with Tabachnick and Fidell‘s (2013) outlier with
z-score of -3.44 excluded to improve normality &
goodness of fit
In hierarchical multiple regression only CBT skills usage
significantly predicted maintenance of effects
Final model was a simple regression model
35. WSAS – mediation analysis
WSAS simple regression coefficients
Note R2 =.08; *p<.05
B SE B β
(Constant) -2.70 1.47
FATS full scale 0.16 0.06 0.29*
Model predicted 8% (adjusted 7%)of variance in how well
functioning effects were maintained
36. WSAS – mediation analysis
Figure 2. Regression plot
illustrating a linear
relationship between CBT
skills usage (as measured
by the FATS) and
maintenance of
functioning effects of iCBT
(as measured by the WSAS)
i.e. greater usage of CBT
skills predicted greater
maintenance of functional
improvements
37. Temporality in mediation
model
In order to address issues around temporality in the
mediation model, another regression model was built to
assess potential predictors of CBT skills usage
PHQ-9, GAD-7 & WSAS pre- & post-treatment did not
predict CBT skills usage in stepwise (backwards) multiple
regression model
38. Discussion
In line with previous research, iCBT effective for depression &
anxiety in this study (i.e. Andersson et al., 2013; Fogliati et al., 2016; Hedman et
al., 2013)
CBT skills usage & experiences thereof varied between
participants at follow-up
Findings resemble helpful & hindering events users report during iCBT
(Richards & Timulak, 2012)
Hypothesis of the study partially supported
Contradicting previous findings of therapy-related skills predicting
depressive outcomes then (Powers, Thompson & Gallagher-Thompson, 2008)
39. Limitations
Issues around the measurement of CBT skills (timing,
single measurement, validity of FATS, perceived
helpfulness of skills not measured)
Issues around 8-week post-treatment measurement in a
naturalistic setting
40. Conclusion
Current study represents one building block on the road
to establishing how people change or maintain their
outcomes after iCBT
Main contribution lies in the hypotheses for future
research it has helped to generate
41. Future research may
explore/address…
1. the concept of social support/interaction as a CBT skill and
how it is best communicated as a CBT skill to iCBT users
2. the role of proceduralization of CBT skills vs self-responsible,
proactive use of skills
3. short-comings of the current study by including repeated
measures of CBT skills usage & perceived helpfulness thereof
4. CBT skills usage in high versus low functioning individuals as
well as whether one group benefits more from CBT skills
usage than the other
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