Nominative
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The document discusses the nominative case in Russian grammar. The nominative case is used for the subject of a sentence and for predicate nouns. It introduces the six main cases in Russian: nominative, accusative, genitive, dative, prepositional, and instrumental. It provides examples of sentences where the subject is in the nominative case and the predicate noun is also in the nominative case, as it identifies something about the subject.
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This document introduces Latin I and chapter 1 on nouns. It discusses the three declensions of nouns and how to determine a noun's declension based on its genitive form ending. It also introduces the five cases in Latin and their functions, such as the nominative case being used for subjects. Examples are provided to illustrate noun declensions, cases, and their uses.
pronouns-171016090704.pdf
This document defines and categorizes different types of pronouns in English grammar. It discusses personal pronouns, demonstrative pronouns, reflexive pronouns, interrogative pronouns, relative pronouns, and indefinite pronouns. For each type of pronoun, it provides definitions, examples of usage, and notes on number, person, gender, and case where applicable. The document serves as a reference for understanding the different classes of pronouns and their functions in English sentences.
Cases and its function in Latin ( Word )
There are 6 main cases in Latin: nominative, genitive, dative, accusative, ablative, and vocative. Each case indicates the grammatical function of nouns and adjectives within sentences. The nominative case indicates the subject of the sentence. The genitive case expresses possession or relationships denoted by the English preposition "of". The dative case denotes the indirect object, often translated as "to" or "for". The accusative case marks the direct object. The ablative case expresses concepts like means, manner, place, and time. The vocative case is used for direct address. Knowledge of Latin cases is essential for understanding how nouns and adjectives relate to verbs and each
Pronouns
The document discusses different types of pronouns including personal pronouns like subject and object pronouns, possessive pronouns, indefinite pronouns, reflexive pronouns, and intensive pronouns. It provides examples of how to use each type correctly and activities for the reader to practice identifying and using pronouns.
APIN_ADJECTIVAL PREPOSITIONAL PHRASES.pptx
This document discusses adjectival prepositional phrases and how they function in sentences. It notes that prepositional phrases can serve as post-nominal or pre-nominal adjectives. When used pre-nominally, they are typically hyphenated. Not all post-nominal prepositional phrases are adjectival - some can function as adverbials. The document provides examples and diagrams to illustrate adjectival prepositional phrases. It also discusses other forms that can function adjectivally, such as participles and infinitives.
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Dative
The document introduces the Russian dative case. The dative case expresses the indirect object of a sentence, or the thing that something is being given to. It distinguishes the indirect object from the direct object, which takes the accusative case. The dative case endings are -у/-ю for masculine or neuter nouns, and -е for feminine nouns. Examples are provided to demonstrate using the dative case to indicate the indirect object of a sentence.
Genitive
The document discusses the genitive case in Russian grammar. The genitive case indicates possession and answers the questions "of what?" or "of whom?". To decline nouns in the genitive case, masculine nouns take the ending -a or -я, feminine nouns take -ы or -и, and neuter nouns take -а or -я. Examples provided show how the genitive case is used to indicate possession, such as "Ivan the Terrible's son".
Second conjugation
This document discusses Russian verb conjugations. It explains that first conjugation verbs end in -ет in the third person singular and -ют in the plural. Examples given are читать and писать. Second conjugation verbs end in -ит and -ят in the same persons. Examples are говорить and стоять. It also covers using не to negate verbs, such as Я не знаю to say "I do not know".
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The document discusses adjectives and possessive pronouns in Russian. It notes that adjectives modify nouns and must agree with the noun in case, number, and gender. There are three genders - masculine, feminine, and neuter. Masculine adjectives end in -ый, feminine in -ая, and neuter in -ое. Possessive pronouns like "my" and "your" also must agree with the noun in case, number, and gender, like adjectives. Examples of singular nominative possessive pronouns and their uses are provided.
Instrumental
The document discusses the instrumental case in Russian. The instrumental case indicates the use of something to do something else, answering the questions "how?" or "by/with what?". It provides examples of how to use the instrumental case with different nouns, such as "by bus", "with a pen", and "with vodka". It also reviews how to change noun endings to the instrumental case, adding -ом for masculine nouns, -ой for feminine nouns, and -м for neuter nouns.
Grammatical gender
Russian has three grammatical genders: masculine, feminine, and neuter. Masculine nouns typically end in a consonant, feminine nouns end in "a", and neuter nouns end in "o". While grammatical gender sometimes relates to actual gender of people or animals, it is an arbitrary classification of all nouns. Knowing the grammatical gender of a noun is important because it determines what personal pronouns and what case endings the noun will take.
Nominative
The document discusses the nominative case in Russian grammar. The nominative case is used for the subject of a sentence and for predicate nouns. It introduces the six main cases in Russian: nominative, accusative, genitive, dative, prepositional, and instrumental. It then provides examples of sentences in Russian where the subject and predicate nouns are both in the nominative case according to these rules.
Structure of the Cyrillic Alphabet
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Nominative
- 4. Nominative
- 5. Accusative
- 6. Genitive
- 7. Dative
- 9. Instrumental
- 12. My source:
- 16. Ivan the Terrible is a murderer.
- 21. My source:
- 23. So in Russian...
- 24. Ив а н Гр о зный уб ий ца...
- 26. ...and “убийца” is in the nominative too, because it's the predicate.
- 27. But let's try a simpler sentence...
- 28. Ш у рик и Л и да студ е нты.
- 30. ...and “студенты” is in the nominative too, because it's said of Shurik and Lida, and is therefore the predicate.
- 31. And that's the nominative case КОНЕЦ (the end)