NLP is a model of communication and personal change that focuses on the connection between neurology, language, and human behavior patterns that are learned through experience. It was developed in the 1970s in California by Richard Bandler and John Grinder. The core concepts of NLP include modeling subjective experiences, understanding unconscious beliefs and behaviors, and using language strategically to help achieve goals and change perspectives. NLP provides tools like the Meta Model for questioning assumptions and the Milton Model for indirect suggestion to help people develop awareness and flexibility.

1. NLP: NEURO-LINGUISTIC PROGRAMMING
WHAT IS NEURO- LINGUISTIC PROGRAMMING? (1)
The most useful wayof thinkingNLPisasa practical formappliedpsychology –as a ‘User’sManual for
the Brain’.The ‘neuro’ partrelatestoneurologyandthe waysinwhichwe processinformationwe
receive fromourfive senses. ‘Linguistic’relatestothe use of language systemstocode,organize and
attribute meaningstoourinternal representationsof the world. ‘Programming’isaboutthe wayin
whichour experience iscoded,storedandtransformedtocreate habitand ‘programmes’.
NLP wasdeveloped inCaliforniainthe 1970s by a mathematician,RichardBandler,andalinguist,John
Grinder.
NLP isa form of appliedpsychology.That’snotthe whole storybutitis how manypeople use it- asa
meansof achievingmore forthemselvesandbeingmore fulfilledintheirpersonal andprofessional lives.
NEURO relatestoneurology,tothe waysinwhichwe processinformationfromourfive sensesthrough
our brainand nervoussystem.
LINGUISTICrelatestothe use of language systems –notjustwordsbut all symbol includinggesturesand
postures- tocode,organize andattribute meaningstoourinternal representationsof the worldandto
communicate internallyandexternally.
PROGRAMMING comesfrominformationprocessingandcomputingscience,onthe premise thatthe
wayin whichexperience isstored,codedandtransformedissimilartohow software runsona PC.By
deleting,upgradingorinstallingourmental software,we canchange how we thinkand,as a result,how
we act.
Whenyoulinkall the wordsup you have Neuro-LinguisticProgramming,whichisessentiallyconcerned
withthe processesbywhichwe create an internal representation –ourexperience- of the external world
of ‘reality’throughlanguageandourneurology.
THE NLP MODEL

2. We experience the worldthroughourfive senses:sight,hearing,touch,smellandtaste.Because there
isso much informationwe consciouslyandunconsciouslydelete whatwe don’twanttopayattention
to. We filterthe remainingdatabasedonourpast experiences,valuesandbeliefs.The filtered
informationformsourinternal map,whichinfluencesourpsychologyand ‘state of being’. Thisinturn
affectsourbehavior.
THE PRESUPPOSITIONS OF NLP (2)
At the core of NLP are many presuppositionssuchas ‘youcannot communicate’and‘if one personcan
do something,anyonecanlearntodo it’.These presuppositionsformasemi-coherentphilosophythat
acts as a setof guidingprinciples.
NLP presuppositionsare useful waysof engagingwiththe world.Whenyoumindsetontackling
somethingnewis ‘there’snosuchthingas failure onlyfeedback’forinstance,youdon’tworryabout
makingmistakes.Yousee themasan opportunitytolearn,anddon’tfeel youhave todo itperfectlyfirst
time.
Whenwe presuppose somethingwe take itas given,acceptedwithoutproof,andthisisthe situation
here.Infact, itis notevenclaimedthatNLPpresuppositions are true.What isconsideredmore
importantisthat theyare useful,thatoperatingfromthemleadsyoutoachievingyouroutcomes.
• "the map isnot the territory":the map isyour brainownperception,internal mapwe create of
the world,andterritoryreality,the physical worlditself
• "everyone livesintheirownunique model of the world":variationthe wayindividual behave
and think
• "experience hasstructure":distinction,organizationandcoding we make throughoursenses.
• "choice isbetterthanno choice":the whole pointof NPLishavingour ownchoices.The more
choiceswe have the more freedomwe have inlife.
• one mainaimsis to provide amethodologyandattitude thatleavesbehindatrail of techniques:
attitude iscuriosity.Tosee inside otherpeopleandwonderwhythe behave the waytheydo:
challenge,question,search.
WELL FORMED OUTCOMES (5)
We all have goals:thingswe wantto have,thingswe wantto do.Some we achieve quicklyandeasily.
Otherstake longerandare more challenging.Some seemtobe impossible.
The NLP well-formedoutcomesoffersome stepsinordertoincrease the likelihood of achievevingthose
goals.

3. By creatingoutcomesthatmeeta seriesof ‘well-formedness’conditions,youtake intoaccountof the
waythe brainworkswhenconsideringoptions,pursuinggoalsandbeingmotivated,whichmeansyou
increase the likelihoodof achievingthem.
In NLP,it’sconsideredessential thatoutcomesbe ‘well-formed’ thatis,theymeetaseriesof rigorous
criteriaor ‘conditions’ designedtoincrease the likelihoodof theirsuccess.Theseare:
• Statethe outcomein positiveterms: itmeansnot to use negative language suchas ‘Idon’twant
to worryabout the future’because whenwe use negative language we endupfocusingonwhat
we don’twant,whichhas the opposite effectof whatwasintended.Forthatreason,NLPinsists
that all outcomesare statedinpositive terms.
• Ensurethe outcomeis within yourcontrol: It referstohave the outcome underour control.If it
requiresotherpeopletodocertainthings,ornot to do certainthingsitisnot an acceptable
outcome inNLP terms.The outcome shouldnotdependonotherpeople’sactions.
• Be as specific aspossible: ‘I want to dosomethinginteresting’isanexample of whatwe
shouldn’tsay.NLPrequiresthatoutcomesbe definedinsensoryspecificlanguage,thatisin
termsof whatcan be seen,heardandfelt.Whenwe refine anoutcome byclarifyingthe detail
the whole thingbecomesmore vividandreal.Beingclearisimportantinordertoavoidending
withsomethingwe don’twant.
• Have a sensory-based evidenceprocedure: havingdefinedyouroutcome asspecificallyas
possible,youneedtoputinplace a sensory-basedevidence procedure.If youare workingwith
someone andyouasksomethingaboutachievingthe goals,youexpectthe answertobe in
termsof whatsomeone wouldsee,hear,taste,feel orsmell.Thisisrequiredbecausepeople
oftenhave evidence proceduresthatare abstract.
• Considerthe context: Itisessential toconsiderwhere,whenandwithwhomthe outcome is
wanted.Anoutcome thatworkswell ina context maynot fitinanothercontext.
• Have accessto resources: One of the goalsof NLP isto supportpeople inmovingfromtheir
‘currentstate’ to a ‘desiredstate’.Toachieve thistheyusuallyneed ¡resources’.Thesemaybe
internal,suchasskills,knowledge orexternal,suchasmoney,equipment.Itisimportantto
thinkaboutthe resourceswe have andabout the lackingresources.
• Ensurethe outcomespreservesexisting benefits:
• Checkthe outcomeis ecological: NLPplacesgreat importance on ‘ecology’,ontakinginto
account the effectof anychange to the widersystemsof whichapersonispart. Each outcome
we setand achieve will have aneffectonthe worldaroundusand the people init.Ecologyis
aboutthe consequencesforthe systemasa whole.And thiswell-formednessconditioninvolves

4. thinkingcarefullyanddeeplyaboutthe advantagesanddisadvantagesinfollowinganycourse of
action.
• Define the firststep: turningan outcome intorealityrequiresaction.Definingthatfirststepisa
final andimportantpart of the well-formednessprocess.If youdon’ttake thatstep,you
probablywon’ttake the othersthatfollow afterwards.
RAPPORT (8)
‘Withoutrapport,nothingispossible.Withrapport,everythingispossible’.Whenyouare inrapport
withothersyouquicklybuildaconnectionthatenablesyoutoinfluence andleadthem.
Rapport isthe establishmentof trust,harmonyandco-operationinarelationship.The state orprocess
of beinginrapportwithsomeone isoftendescribedasbeing ‘intune’or‘onthe same wavelength’as
them.It isa natural phenomenon.Whenwe are gettingalongwithpeople we’re inrapportmostof the
time.Itis a fundamental partof effective communicationanda vital componenttobuildingand
maintainingsuccessful relationshipswithothers.
Because rapportis natural some people thinkitcan’tbe learnt,butthere are some aspectswe have to
take intoaccount.
There are several waystobuildarapport. Onlya small partof humancommunicationisachieved
throughwhat we actuallysay.The rest isnon-verbal:gestures,facial expressions,postures,eye
movements,breathingandvoice qualities.
Thismeansthat one of the keywayswe establishandbuildrapportsisbyreadingthese non-verbal
communicationsandmirroringandmatchingthem.
It isimportantto take care whencopyingsomeone’sphysiology.There isafine lightbetweenmatching
and mimicking.If youoverdoit,itcan lookas if you’re makingfunof themandbreak rapport.
At the matchingstage youshouldconcentrate onthe most obviousthings:overall posture,hand
gestures,footmovements,etc.Andasyoulistentothatperson,youshouldmatchtheirbehavior
leavingagap of around 20 secondsafterthey’ve done somethingbeforecopyingit.
You can alsomatch people intermsof theirvoice.Itisimportantto payattentiontovariousaspects
such as if they’re quiet,if theymake pauses,if theysayshortsentencesorhave anunusual vocal style or
strongaccent.
Havingmatchedsomeone andgainedrapportyoucan begintoinfluence theminanotherdirection.In
NLP thisisknownas Pacingand Leading.Youmight,forinstance,matchsomeone’sbreathingrate
(pace) fora fewminutesandthenchange yours(lead) eithertocalm someone downorincrease their
energyorfeelingof excitement. Pace,pace,pace andthenlead.

5. THE META MODEL (9)
The Meta Model isa seriesof ‘challenges’thatcanbe usedto ‘recover’informationthathasbeen ‘lost’
inthe processof describingexperience.Atfirstyoumayfindittechnical andcomplicated,butit’sworth
perseveringbecause it’sextremelypowerful.
Elementsof the MetaModel:
• Deletion (information fromtheexternalworld deleted to avoid overwhelm): Itwasfoundthat on
average we can holdonlysevenitemsinconsciousnessatone time.Asa result,atany particular
momentwe are tuninginto certainaspectsof our experience andfilteringoutothers.This
reducestoa level we canhandle
• Distortion (simplifying an experience): itis a creative processthatallowsusto imagine about
thingsthat haven’tyethappened,orcome upwithdiscoveriesandinventions.
• Generalization (using previousexperiencesto categorizeinformation): Usingprevious
experiencesthatare similarasa startingpointallowsustolearnquickly.
THE MILTON MODEL (12)
The MiltonModel is exactthe opposite tothe Meta Model.It consistsof language thatisdeliberately
‘artfully’ vague.The ambiguityof language helpsinduce trance,makingpeople more opentosuggestion
and persuasion.Theselanguage patternsare useful whenyou’re doingchange workwithpeople.You
can speakdirectlywiththeirunconsciousmind,withoutthemrealizingconsciouslywhatyouare doing.
CONCLUSION
There are manyreasonsto use NPL:personal development,sports,health.ForWhateveryouwantand
need,ithelpstoknowwhatit isonlyif youput it inpractice.We thinkthisprinciplescanbe applied
fromand educative perspective,forteacherstoovercome certainsituationsanddevelopmentandto
fosternpl attitude towardsstudents,forexampleexplainhow toachieve goalsorthe ideaof modelling:
Ideathat if you studysomeone whoisgoodatsomethingandunderstandhow theydoit,youcan be
goodtoo.
We thoughtaboutschoolsandhow we can applyNPL,we came withthe ideaof representational
systems:itisbasedon the principle thatwe create aninternal representationof the worldthroughour
5 sensesorknowas modalitiesorall togetheras VAKOG: visual,audotory,kinaesthetic,olfactoryand
gustatory.We as teachercan motivate ourstudentsthrough activitiesbasedontheirsensesinorderto
achieve fruitfullearningoutcomesandunderstanhow theycode theirexperience.Whenyouchange a
modalityyouchange the wayyou feel andescificallycode experience.
We knowwhatisgoingon throughour sensesthatishow we neurologicallyuse the information
gatheredbythe modalitiestocreate aninternal representationof the world.We use this representation

6. for everything,forexample tolearnalanguage.NPLismainlyfocusedonauditory,visual and
kinaestheticmodalitiesastheyare the most essentialtoeverydaylife.
Whengo to a restaurantor classroom,youperceive differentaromas,sense coldorheat,see the
classroomaroundus. Althoughpeople use all the representational systemavailabletheytendtofavour
one inparticular,naturallybasedonpictures,soundsorfeelings,Some findesaiertovisualizedelements
for example,some studentslearn,developanduse some sensesmore thanother(leaningstyles).
As regardssocializationandcommunication,the wordsandphrases,language we use representthe
representational systemwe mostlyuse andthatdetermineshow we communicate with others.
MATCHING PREDICATES
A Can yougive a hand? I am havingtrouble graspingthese concepts,theyare veryhard
B I will see whatIcan doto clarifythings.HopefullyIwill have abrightidea.
A useskinaestheticlanguageandB respondswithvisual language.
As regardssocializationitwouldhave beenbetterforitto identifyA´skinaestheticlanguage and
respondwiththe same use of language.