10 personal finance topics that students need to know.

1. Financial Education in
2012 and Beyond:
Preparing Students for
a “New Normal”
Barbara O’Neill, Ph.D., CFP®
Professor II and Extension Specialist in
Financial Resource Management
Rutgers University
oneill@aesop.rutgers.edu

2. Presentation Topics
• Description of financial capability
• “New Normal” financial realities
• 10 “New Normal” financial skills for students
• YOUR personal & professional “New Normal”
• Adjusting financially to “broken promises”

3. Financial Educators Build Financial
Capability

4. What is Financial Capability?
• New buzz word that is replacing “financial literacy”
• It is not just what you know but what you do with
what you know (i.e., focuses on behavior)
– Financial literacy is the ability to understand personal
finance concepts
– Financial capability refers to an individual's ability to
make informed judgments and effective decisions about
the use and management of their money
• President's Advisory Council on Financial Capability
renamed in January 2010
• National Financial Capability Challenge
– http://www.challenge.treas.gov/

5. FINRA Financial Capability Study (2009)
• Four key components
– Making Ends Meet
– Planning Ahead
– Managing Financial Products
– Financial Knowledge and Decision-Making
• Study Results:
http://www.finrafoundation.org/web/groups/foundation/
@foundation/documents/foundation/p120535.pdf

6. Key Survey Findings (N =1,488)
• 49% reported difficulty keeping up with monthly expenses
(14% very difficult; 35% somewhat difficult)
• 23% reported occasionally overdrawing checking account
• 16% were late with a mortgage payment at least once in
last two years
• Only 49% had an emergency fund of 3 months expenses
• 23% used high-cost “alternative” borrowing methods
(e.g., payday loans and pawn shops)

7. New Normal Analogy
The “New
Normal” and
the Trump
Plaza Hotel
(Atlantic
City, NJ)

8. What is the “New Normal”?
• A constellation of economic events coming together
– Projected to linger throughout much of the 2010s decade
– Rebounds: 2017 for labor market? 2021 for housing
market?
• Puts a “framework” on recent events
– People like to identify patterns to make sense of them
• Some NN trends will have long-lasting impact (e.g.,
questions about employee benefit sustainability)

9. Don’t Get Too Comfortable, Though
(Things Will Change….Again)

10. Characteristics of the “New Normal”
An extended period of:
• Slow U.S. economic growth
• Low single-digit average annual stock returns
• Stubbornly high unemployment levels
• Precarious job security (public and private sector)
• Struggling housing market
• Tightened credit standards
• Increased precautionary household savings and debt repayment
• Decreased household spending

11. Why a New Normal?
We didn’t just have a perfect storm…
…We had a perfect TORNADO!!!

12. Recent Financial Shocks
• Recession/Shrinking economy (GDP)
• Collapsed and merged investment banks
• Bank failures and government takeovers
• Increasing cost of basic necessities
• Mortgage defaults and high foreclosure rates
• Declining home values
• High unemployment rates
• Bear market/stock market volatility
• Increased poverty rates and rich-poor “wealth gaps”
• “The Paradox of Thrift”

13. The “Paradox of Thrift” (Economic Term)
What’s good for individuals (saving more and spending
less) is bad for the economy when everyone does it.

14. Four Common Aftermaths of Financial Crises
• Deep and prolonged asset market collapses
– Housing prices
– Stock market indices
• Profound declines in output (deleveraging)
• High unemployment (in both public and private sector)
• Explosion in government debt as tax revenues decline
Reinhart & Rogoff (economists):
– The Aftermath of Financial Crises (NBER Paper)
http://www.nber.org/papers/w14656

15. Many People Have Lost Their
“Penthouse”
• Unemployment
• Under-employment
• Involuntary “retirement”
• Wage freezes
• Furloughs
• Higher employee benefit
payroll deductions (pay cut)
• Employee benefit cuts
• An eerie feeling that
promised benefits are
“unsustainable”

16. For Some, the Dream of Upward
Mobility Appears to be Slipping Away

17. Many People Feel “Stuck”
• Millennials can’t start careers
– “Idleness rate” for Americans <24 has increased steadily
since 2007 (those neither in work or school)
– Lowest % of employed young people in 60 years!
– Risk of a “lost generation” (Harvard labor economist Lawrence Katz)
• Boomers can’t end careers
– Working longer than intended due to 401(k) and housing
value losses
– Higher employment-to population rate than December 2006
for 55+ age group (37.6%)
– ONLY age group to increase labor force participation during
the economic slowdown

18. But, the Financial Recovery is 3 Years Old
• End of the “Great Recession” declared in June 2009…but
it doesn’t feel like it
• Weaknesses: home prices, job recovery, slow GDP
growth, disposable incomes, personal spending,
household debt/deleveraging
• Strengths: U.S. exports (weaker dollar & emerging markets)
• Remember, “recovery” doesn’t necessarily mean that
things are good; it just means that things are improving
– Economy growing (slowly) rather than shrinking
– Number of jobs rising (slowly) rather than falling

19. What Needs to Change?
• Economists say it will take strong, sustained job growth
to reignite household spending
• Recoveries are generally driven by housing and
consumers
• Unfortunately, it often takes economies a long time to
recover
• Reinhart & Rogoff study of past financial crises: it often
takes at least a decade to recover

20. “New Normal” Financial Skills
1. “The Basics” (e.g., planning, expense tracking,
emergency funds, goal-setting with personal targets)
– Planning increases control and success, reduces stress
2. Entrepreneurship (more self-employed workers
predicted; up to 40% of U.S. workers by 2020)
3. Budgeting for Variable Incomes (“cash flow
calendar” with surplus and deficit months)
4. Health-Wealth Relationships (cost of poor
health practices and health care decision-making)

21. More “New Normal” Skills
5. Self-Funding Retirement Savings
– NN Reality: Less generous employer/government
supports
6. Investment Savvy (understanding historical
performance of stocks and real rate of return)
7. Understanding the Time Value of Money
– Students have 5-6 decades of compound interest
– Many people under-estimate its awesome power

22. Still More “New Normal” Skills
8. Insurance Savvy
– New decisions (e.g., high-deductible health
insurance, HSAs, new health care law provisions)
9. Student Debt ROI
– Debt from Student Loans is Crippling a Generation
– http://blog.nj.com/njv_guest_blog/2012/04/debt_from_student_loans_is_cri.html
10. Human Capital Investments
– Increases resilience in tough times; education never ends
To read more about “New Normal” financial planning, see the article by
O’Neill in the 2010 issue of the Journal of Consumer Education:
http://www.cefe.illinois.edu/JCE/archives/

23. Prudent Steps Everyone Can Take
• Borrow less and pay off what you owe
• Build an emergency “war chest”
• Prepare a spending plan
• Become a penny-pincher
– Frugality is fashionable
– Coupons, groupons, employer discounts, consignment shops,
simply asking for a price break where none is posted
• Invest in high quality companies
• Invest in yourself; try learn something new every day

24. So Welcome to the “New Normal”
New economic patterns
have been evolving in the
wake of the financial crisis: In times of crisis
and uncertainty,
• Slow economic growth
knowledge is
• High unemployment power!
• Decreased employee benefits
• Flat or decreasing wages
• Lots of uncertainty on the
horizon (e.g., taxes, inflation,
Social Security, health care)

25. What is YOUR “New Normal,” Personally
and Professionally?

26. What is YOUR “New Normal,” Personally
and Professionally?
Examples: Good family Examples: Difficulty paying
cooperation to reduce bills; more fights with spouse
expenses; less “mindless” about money; home value
(impulse) spending; better down; low interest being
bargains when shopping earned on savings
Examples: Learned new job Examples: Pay freeze,
skills; unproductive people layoffs, job uncertainty,
were terminated; Led a benefit cuts; less support
major team project staff; increased payroll
deductions

27. Key Themes During Past Few Years
Peggy Noonan reply to question from Maria
Bartiromo about “game-changing events
during 2011” on Wall Street Journal Report,
1/1/12
“The fall of structures that we’ve come to
rely on” and “Lots of insecurity”

28. What’s Happening?
Workers can’t even count on income and
benefits promised in their CURRENT labor
contract, not to mention promises made
years ago when they were first hired.

29. Era of Broken Promises
• Terminated pensions
• Suspended 401(k) matches
• Salary cuts and freezes
• Furloughs
• Benefit cuts
• Pension COLA cuts
• Other

30. Evidence of Broken Promises
New York Governor Andrew Cuomo, 12/16/11
interview about streamlining government,
including New York pension benefit tiers:
“the whole system was designed at a different time
and a different place and it needs serious
reorganization.”

31. What to Do When Your
Income/Benefits are Cut
• Work longer
• “Retire” while working
• Accelerate debt repayment
• Consider career changes and/or freelancing
• Consider investing more aggressively
• Spend less and shop savvy
• Investigate new benefit alternatives

32. “Retire” While Working
• Standard Strategy #1- Retire at a planned age with less
money than anticipated due to NN events and risk running out
of money due to benefit cutbacks, increased health care costs,
longevity, etc.
• Standard Strategy #2- Retire later and risk “waiting too long”
(e.g., after age 65-70) so that death, health “issues,”
widowhood, etc. hinder planned retirement lifestyle and/or
quality of life.
• New Strategy #3- Keep working BUT use money that had
been going into savings (i.e., suspend or reduce 401(k) or
403(b) contributions) to begin enjoying “retirement activities”
NOW without actually retiring.
https://www2.troweprice.com/iws/wps/wcm/connect/d2edab0046d7abf0a87eb899d3
5c25cc/04779-
23_P1.pdf?MOD=AJPERES&CACHEID=d2edab0046d7abf0a87eb899d35c25cc
(Fahlund, C. Delaying Retirement, But Not Your Retirement Dreams)

33. Consider Career Changes and/or
Freelancing
• Public sector employment benefits are generally not
as attractive as they once were
– Newer tier hires often have lower benefit tiers
• Option #1: Changing jobs could lead to better
benefits; less stress
• Option #2: Aggressively demonstrate value to
current employer (to earn a promotion)
• Option #3: Freelance for additional income or to
replace lost income due to benefit plan changes
– Increased health insurance cost-sharing
– Increased pension plan contributions

34. Investigate New Benefit Alternatives
• Explore benefit options that you might not
have considered previously
– Example: High-deductible health insurance
• Do a cost-benefit analysis of alternatives
– Premium savings from high-deductible plan vs.
amount of out-of-pocket payment
• Attend benefit fairs/seminars and ask
questions

35. Keep an Eye on Government Benefits
• Changes to Social Security
– More needs-based? Older age? Lower benefits?
• Changes to Medicare
– More needs-based? Older age? Lower benefits?
• New health care law and aftermath
• Consider using very conservative benefit estimates
for financial planning purposes
• Assume that you can’t count on promised benefits?

36. Major Take-Away:
Focus on What You CAN Control
CAN’T Control CAN Control
• Speed of economic recovery • Healthy lifestyle
• Financial markets • Spending habits
• Labor market/unemployment • Saving habits
rate
• Investment expenses
• Housing market
• Human capital
• Employee benefit cutbacks investments
• Political environment • How you spend your time
• Actions of lawmakers

37. How to Build Financial Capability?
• Realistic content (e.g., urban versus rural)
• Age-appropriate content
• Interactive and “hands on” learning
• Multiple methods and approaches
• Meaningful stories, role models, and activities
• Fun (e.g., games, skits, etc.)
37

38. Questions and Comments?
Barbara O'Neill, Ph.D., CFP®, CRPC
Extension Specialist in Financial Resource Management and
Professor II
Rutgers University
Phone: 732-932-9155 Extension 250
E-mail: oneill@aesop.rutgers.edu
Internet: http://njaes.rutgers.edu/money2000/
Twitter: http://twitter.com/moneytalk1