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Broken Promises: 10 Financial
 Coping Strategies for Future
      Financial Security


            Barbara O’Neill
     Rutgers Cooperative Extension
       oneill@aesop.rutgers.edu
Presentation Objective
• Help employees deal with the financial aftermath of
  “broken promises”
   – Income losses
   – Benefit reductions

• Presented as a AAFCS Webinar and to several
  employee groups in NJ

• Participants asked to “check their anger at the door”
   – Focus is on solutions; not confrontation or
     complaining about losses
Polling Question: How Many
 of You Have Experienced
    “Broken Promises?”
What’s Happening?
Workers can’t even count on income and
benefits promised in their CURRENT labor
contract, not to mention promises made
years ago when they were first hired.
Era of Broken Promises
• Terminated pensions

• “Church plan” pension exemptions from ERISA

• Suspended 401(k) matches

• Salary cuts and freezes

• Furloughs

• Benefit cuts

• Pension COLA cuts

• Others
Key Themes During Past Few Years
  Peggy Noonan reply to question from Maria
  Bartiromo about “game-changing events
  during 2011” on Wall Street Journal Report,
  1/1/12
  “The fall of structures that we’ve come to
  rely on” and “Lots of insecurity”
More Evidence of Broken Promises
New York Governor Andrew Cuomo, 12/16/11
interview about streamlining government,
including new pension benefit tiers:
  “the whole system was designed at a different time
  and a different place and it needs serious
  reorganization.”
For Some, the Dream of Upward
       Mobility is Slipping Away




8
The Real Cause of All the Anger
         While recent media reports have
         covered angry protests directed at
         public employees whose pension and
         health benefit packages lasted longer
         than most in the private sector…

 …the REAL ISSUE is that workers in
 both the public and private sector
 have lost critical pillars of financial
 planning support that they once
 thought they could count on!
“Broken Promises” Trends
• Increasing numbers of public (and private) sector job
  benefits have been overhauled
  – Employers realizing previously-promised benefits are
    unsustainable and/or unaffordable

  – Politically popular to slash public employee benefits

• More than half of public pensions are <80% funded

  – < 80% level deemed “substantially underfunded”

• Defined benefit (DB) pension formulas and COLAs
  especially under attack
Frequent Pension Plan Changes
• Lower benefit tiers for new hires
• Retirement ages raised (e.g., 55 to 60, 62 to 65)
• Automatic COLAs eliminated or scaled back
• COLAs tied to pension plan performance
• Changes in pension benefit formulas
  – Elimination of “sick day” bonuses

  – Change from “High 3” average salary DB pension
    formula to “High 5”
Health Benefit Challenges
• Workers’ coverage is decreasing and/or they
  are increasingly paying more for:
  – Premiums
  – Deductibles
  – Co-payments
• From 2000 to 2010, average premiums for
  family coverage through an employer
  increased 114%
• More employees’ ONLY option is high-
  deductible health insurance
More About High-Deductible Plans
• Percentage of workers enrolled in high-deductible
  health plans quadrupled from 2006 to 2011.

• Often called “consumer-driven health plans”

• Encourages consumers to be more conscious of
  medical-care costs; comparison shopping is difficult

• 2011 quote from health insurance company CEO:
  “It’s safe to say we expect enrollment in consumer-
  driven health plans to continue to grow.”
So What Do All These Changes Mean?
• Any income or benefit promise can be broken…even
  in union contracts

• NO employee benefit is “guaranteed”

• New economic realities require adjustment to avoid
  – Accumulating debt due to negative cash flow

  – Setting aside inadequate retirement savings

  – Outliving retirement assets

• Proactive planning can mitigate benefit losses
What to Do When Your
        Income/Benefits are Cut
• Work longer
• “Retire” while working
• Accelerate debt repayment
• Save the shortfall
• Consider career changes and/or freelancing
• Consider investing more aggressively
• Spend less and shop savvy
• Investigate new benefit alternatives
Work Longer
• Time is an enemy (twice) for early retirees
  – Fewer working years to accumulate personal
    savings, pension benefits, and SS
  – More non-working years to finance
• The years just prior to normal retirement age
  are usually a period of peak earnings
• May have more control over “service” part of
  DB pension formula than “average earnings”
  – Example: tenured professor with a pay freeze
Beware of “Stampedes”
• Employees heading for the door in droves fearing
  that an employer will cut benefits
• Employers could cut benefits anyway (no guarantees
  that you’ll be “grandfathered”)
• Examples:
  – NJ state workers, teachers, uniformed personnel
  – Federal government workers?
• In many cases, longer service will mitigate benefit
  reductions (e.g., loss of COLAs)
  – Increases “Years of Service” part of DB pension formula
“Retire” While Working
• Standard Strategy #1- Retire at a planned age with less
  money than anticipated due to NN events and risk running out
  of money due to benefit cutbacks, increased health care costs,
  longevity, etc.
• Standard Strategy #2- Retire later and risk “waiting too long”
  (e.g., after age 65-70) so that death, health “issues,”
  widowhood, etc. hinder planned retirement lifestyle and/or
  quality of life.
• New Strategy #3- Keep working BUT use money that had
  been going into savings (i.e., suspend or reduce 401(k) or
  403(b) contributions) to begin enjoying “retirement activities”
  NOW without actually retiring.
  https://www2.troweprice.com/iws/wps/wcm/connect/d2edab0046d7abf0a87eb899d3
  5c25cc/04779-
  23_P1.pdf?MOD=AJPERES&CACHEID=d2edab0046d7abf0a87eb899d35c25cc
  (Fahlund, C. Delaying Retirement, But Not Your Retirement Dreams)
Accelerate Debt Repayment
• Mortgage principal pre-payment

  – Retire mortgage before retirement

• Mortgage refinancing (lower interest rate)

• PowerPay (consumer debt)

  – www.powerpay.org
Save the Shortfall
• Calculate amount lost from a retirement benefit cut
• Multiply by 25 to determine shortfall savings goal
• Do the math and develop an action plan to save
  – Younger workers need to save < older workers

• Example: $6,000 annual benefit loss by
  switching from “High 3” to “High 5” formula
  – Need to accumulate $150,000 by retirement ($6k
    x 25)

  – Age 45: $3,660/year or $305 per month
Consider Career Changes and/or
            Freelancing
• Public sector employment benefits are generally not
  as attractive as they once were
  – Newer tier hires often have lower benefit tiers
• Option #1: Changing jobs could lead to better
  benefits; less stress
• Option #2: Aggressively demonstrate value to
  current employer (to earn a promotion)
• Option #3: Freelance for additional income or to
  replace lost income due to benefit plan changes
  – Increased health insurance cost-sharing
  – Increased pension plan contributions
Consider Investing More Aggressively
• Even with elimination of COLAs, people with DB
  pensions have income for life (acts like an annuity)

   – Ditto for Social Security

• Most retirees with DC plans have risk of an ever-
  changing sum of money that needs to last a lifetime

• May be able to invest more aggressively if you have
  streams of lifetime income

• Know your risk tolerance:
  http://njaes.rutgers.edu/money/riskquiz/
Spend Less and Shop Savvy
• Unpleasant as it is, you may need to spend less to
  adjust to the effects of broken promises
• Adjusting to less support from an employer or
  government may be a necessity, not an option

  – “Stepping down” spending
  – Moving to a smaller/cheaper home
  – Phone apps to compare prices
  – Coupons and groupons
  – Asking for discounts
  – Fewer trips and gifts (e.g., retirees)
  – Other ideas?
Investigate New Benefit Alternatives
• Explore benefit options that you might not
  have considered previously
  – High-deductible health insurance and an HSA or
    HRA
• Do a cost-benefit analysis of alternatives
  – Premium savings from high-deductible plan vs.
    amount of out-of-pocket payment
• Attend benefit fairs/seminars and ask
  questions
Keep an Eye on Government Benefits
• Changes to Social Security

  – More needs-based? Older age? Lower benefits?

• Changes to Medicare

  – More needs-based? Older age? Lower benefits?

• New health care law and aftermath

• Consider using very conservative benefit estimates
  for financial planning purposes

• Assume that you can’t count on promised benefits?
Major Take-Away:
      Focus on What You CAN Control
CAN’T Control                  CAN Control
• Speed of economic recovery   • Healthy lifestyle
• Financial markets            • Spending habits
• Labor market/unemployment    • Saving habits
  rate
                               • Investment expenses
• Housing market
                               • Human capital investments
• Employee benefit cutbacks
                               • How you spend your time
• Political environment

• Actions of lawmakers and
  employers
Select What Works for You
     • Think of these strategies as a
     “Jersey diner menu”
     •   Adopt strategies that work for you




                                 27
Questions? Comments?
    Experiences?

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Broken Promises Presentation-NJCFE-12-12

  • 1. Broken Promises: 10 Financial Coping Strategies for Future Financial Security Barbara O’Neill Rutgers Cooperative Extension oneill@aesop.rutgers.edu
  • 2. Presentation Objective • Help employees deal with the financial aftermath of “broken promises” – Income losses – Benefit reductions • Presented as a AAFCS Webinar and to several employee groups in NJ • Participants asked to “check their anger at the door” – Focus is on solutions; not confrontation or complaining about losses
  • 3. Polling Question: How Many of You Have Experienced “Broken Promises?”
  • 4. What’s Happening? Workers can’t even count on income and benefits promised in their CURRENT labor contract, not to mention promises made years ago when they were first hired.
  • 5. Era of Broken Promises • Terminated pensions • “Church plan” pension exemptions from ERISA • Suspended 401(k) matches • Salary cuts and freezes • Furloughs • Benefit cuts • Pension COLA cuts • Others
  • 6. Key Themes During Past Few Years Peggy Noonan reply to question from Maria Bartiromo about “game-changing events during 2011” on Wall Street Journal Report, 1/1/12 “The fall of structures that we’ve come to rely on” and “Lots of insecurity”
  • 7. More Evidence of Broken Promises New York Governor Andrew Cuomo, 12/16/11 interview about streamlining government, including new pension benefit tiers: “the whole system was designed at a different time and a different place and it needs serious reorganization.”
  • 8. For Some, the Dream of Upward Mobility is Slipping Away 8
  • 9. The Real Cause of All the Anger While recent media reports have covered angry protests directed at public employees whose pension and health benefit packages lasted longer than most in the private sector… …the REAL ISSUE is that workers in both the public and private sector have lost critical pillars of financial planning support that they once thought they could count on!
  • 10. “Broken Promises” Trends • Increasing numbers of public (and private) sector job benefits have been overhauled – Employers realizing previously-promised benefits are unsustainable and/or unaffordable – Politically popular to slash public employee benefits • More than half of public pensions are <80% funded – < 80% level deemed “substantially underfunded” • Defined benefit (DB) pension formulas and COLAs especially under attack
  • 11. Frequent Pension Plan Changes • Lower benefit tiers for new hires • Retirement ages raised (e.g., 55 to 60, 62 to 65) • Automatic COLAs eliminated or scaled back • COLAs tied to pension plan performance • Changes in pension benefit formulas – Elimination of “sick day” bonuses – Change from “High 3” average salary DB pension formula to “High 5”
  • 12. Health Benefit Challenges • Workers’ coverage is decreasing and/or they are increasingly paying more for: – Premiums – Deductibles – Co-payments • From 2000 to 2010, average premiums for family coverage through an employer increased 114% • More employees’ ONLY option is high- deductible health insurance
  • 13. More About High-Deductible Plans • Percentage of workers enrolled in high-deductible health plans quadrupled from 2006 to 2011. • Often called “consumer-driven health plans” • Encourages consumers to be more conscious of medical-care costs; comparison shopping is difficult • 2011 quote from health insurance company CEO: “It’s safe to say we expect enrollment in consumer- driven health plans to continue to grow.”
  • 14. So What Do All These Changes Mean? • Any income or benefit promise can be broken…even in union contracts • NO employee benefit is “guaranteed” • New economic realities require adjustment to avoid – Accumulating debt due to negative cash flow – Setting aside inadequate retirement savings – Outliving retirement assets • Proactive planning can mitigate benefit losses
  • 15. What to Do When Your Income/Benefits are Cut • Work longer • “Retire” while working • Accelerate debt repayment • Save the shortfall • Consider career changes and/or freelancing • Consider investing more aggressively • Spend less and shop savvy • Investigate new benefit alternatives
  • 16. Work Longer • Time is an enemy (twice) for early retirees – Fewer working years to accumulate personal savings, pension benefits, and SS – More non-working years to finance • The years just prior to normal retirement age are usually a period of peak earnings • May have more control over “service” part of DB pension formula than “average earnings” – Example: tenured professor with a pay freeze
  • 17. Beware of “Stampedes” • Employees heading for the door in droves fearing that an employer will cut benefits • Employers could cut benefits anyway (no guarantees that you’ll be “grandfathered”) • Examples: – NJ state workers, teachers, uniformed personnel – Federal government workers? • In many cases, longer service will mitigate benefit reductions (e.g., loss of COLAs) – Increases “Years of Service” part of DB pension formula
  • 18. “Retire” While Working • Standard Strategy #1- Retire at a planned age with less money than anticipated due to NN events and risk running out of money due to benefit cutbacks, increased health care costs, longevity, etc. • Standard Strategy #2- Retire later and risk “waiting too long” (e.g., after age 65-70) so that death, health “issues,” widowhood, etc. hinder planned retirement lifestyle and/or quality of life. • New Strategy #3- Keep working BUT use money that had been going into savings (i.e., suspend or reduce 401(k) or 403(b) contributions) to begin enjoying “retirement activities” NOW without actually retiring. https://www2.troweprice.com/iws/wps/wcm/connect/d2edab0046d7abf0a87eb899d3 5c25cc/04779- 23_P1.pdf?MOD=AJPERES&CACHEID=d2edab0046d7abf0a87eb899d35c25cc (Fahlund, C. Delaying Retirement, But Not Your Retirement Dreams)
  • 19. Accelerate Debt Repayment • Mortgage principal pre-payment – Retire mortgage before retirement • Mortgage refinancing (lower interest rate) • PowerPay (consumer debt) – www.powerpay.org
  • 20. Save the Shortfall • Calculate amount lost from a retirement benefit cut • Multiply by 25 to determine shortfall savings goal • Do the math and develop an action plan to save – Younger workers need to save < older workers • Example: $6,000 annual benefit loss by switching from “High 3” to “High 5” formula – Need to accumulate $150,000 by retirement ($6k x 25) – Age 45: $3,660/year or $305 per month
  • 21. Consider Career Changes and/or Freelancing • Public sector employment benefits are generally not as attractive as they once were – Newer tier hires often have lower benefit tiers • Option #1: Changing jobs could lead to better benefits; less stress • Option #2: Aggressively demonstrate value to current employer (to earn a promotion) • Option #3: Freelance for additional income or to replace lost income due to benefit plan changes – Increased health insurance cost-sharing – Increased pension plan contributions
  • 22. Consider Investing More Aggressively • Even with elimination of COLAs, people with DB pensions have income for life (acts like an annuity) – Ditto for Social Security • Most retirees with DC plans have risk of an ever- changing sum of money that needs to last a lifetime • May be able to invest more aggressively if you have streams of lifetime income • Know your risk tolerance: http://njaes.rutgers.edu/money/riskquiz/
  • 23. Spend Less and Shop Savvy • Unpleasant as it is, you may need to spend less to adjust to the effects of broken promises • Adjusting to less support from an employer or government may be a necessity, not an option – “Stepping down” spending – Moving to a smaller/cheaper home – Phone apps to compare prices – Coupons and groupons – Asking for discounts – Fewer trips and gifts (e.g., retirees) – Other ideas?
  • 24. Investigate New Benefit Alternatives • Explore benefit options that you might not have considered previously – High-deductible health insurance and an HSA or HRA • Do a cost-benefit analysis of alternatives – Premium savings from high-deductible plan vs. amount of out-of-pocket payment • Attend benefit fairs/seminars and ask questions
  • 25. Keep an Eye on Government Benefits • Changes to Social Security – More needs-based? Older age? Lower benefits? • Changes to Medicare – More needs-based? Older age? Lower benefits? • New health care law and aftermath • Consider using very conservative benefit estimates for financial planning purposes • Assume that you can’t count on promised benefits?
  • 26. Major Take-Away: Focus on What You CAN Control CAN’T Control CAN Control • Speed of economic recovery • Healthy lifestyle • Financial markets • Spending habits • Labor market/unemployment • Saving habits rate • Investment expenses • Housing market • Human capital investments • Employee benefit cutbacks • How you spend your time • Political environment • Actions of lawmakers and employers
  • 27. Select What Works for You • Think of these strategies as a “Jersey diner menu” • Adopt strategies that work for you 27
  • 28. Questions? Comments? Experiences?