The french court
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The French Court served important political, social, and cultural functions. Politically, it was where the King and nobles made decisions and formed councils. Socially, it attracted people seeking advancement in their careers and status. Culturally, the court promoted innovation as nobles introduced new ideas from their travels abroad and patrons like Charles VIII employed artists like Leonardo Da Vinci. However, attendance at the lavish court was also a financial burden for nobles.
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Philip ii of_spain[1]
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Charles I inherited a vast empire through marriage alliances, including territories in Spain, the Netherlands, Austria, and Italy. He faced many internal revolts during his rule due to his inexperience and favoritism toward Flemish advisers. Externally, he battled France and the Ottoman Empire for control of territories. He abdicated in 1556, leaving Spain and other territories to his son Philip II.
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Henry IV brought stability to France after the Wars of Religion through the Edict of Nantes, which granted Huguenots religious tolerance. He reformed the government and increased the power of the monarchy, laying the foundations for absolutism. Under the guidance of Cardinals Richelieu and Mazarin, Louis XIII and Louis XIV further strengthened the monarch's control over the nobility and established absolutism, with Louis XIV proclaiming "L'état, c'est moi." Louis XIV expanded the bureaucracy, built up the army, revoked the Edict of Nantes, and was a patron of the arts, but his revocation damaged France's economy and reputation.
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Louis XIV is the quintessential absolute monarch. The presentation provides students with an example of how to write a proper 5 paragraph essay, complete with a thesis statement, topic sentences, and strong supporting evidence.
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There were several major revolts against Philip II's rule in Spain and Italy in the late 16th century. These included the Dutch Revolt from 1566-1609 over heresy laws and noble rights, the Morisco Revolt in Granada from 1568-1570 over religious freedom and taxes, and a revolt in Naples in 1585 in response to economic pressures. Philip II's increasingly oppressive treatment of the Morisco population, such as banning their language and customs, confiscating land, and higher taxes, led to the major Morisco Revolt in Granada. After suppressing the revolt, Philip deported over 80,000 Moriscos from Granada and dispersed them across Castile.
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1) Louis XIV became King of France at the age of five and believed in the divine right of kings, earning him the nickname "Sun King".
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King Louis XIV ruled France for 72 years from 1643 to 1715, the longest reign in European history. He centralized power around himself by weakening the nobility and strengthening the royal administration. Louis grew the French economy through policies like mercantilism but also accrued major debts through wars and lavish spending. By the end of his reign, Louis had expanded French lands, strengthened its military and economy, and established France as the dominant power in Europe.
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The document discusses the causes of the Dutch revolt against Philip II of Spain's rule between 1566-1609. It analyzes several long-term and short-term factors, including Philip II's centralization of power, the growth of Calvinism, the repressive policies of the Duke of Alva, and the economic tensions that emerged. While Philip II deserves some blame for instigating tensions through his absolutist rule, the revolt was also a result of the interplay between these political, religious, and economic issues over decades.
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Philip II of Spain fanatically sought to re-impose Catholicism throughout Europe like his father Charles V had. He built the Escorial palace to symbolize his power and commitment to the Catholic crusade. While Spain defeated the Turkish navy at the Battle of Lepanto in 1571, preserving Catholic control of the Mediterranean, the Dutch Revolt from 1568 to 1648 established the Protestant Dutch Republic and marked a major blow to Philip's goal of maintaining a wholly Catholic empire. Spain's failed invasion of England with the Spanish Armada in 1588 ended its naval power and marked the rise of England as a world power, though Spain remained powerful on land until the mid-17th century.
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The document provides details about the Habsburg dynasty in Spain, including Charles I and Philip II. It can be summarized as follows:
Charles I inherited a vast empire through marriage alliances, including territories in Spain, the Netherlands, Austria, and Italy. He faced many internal revolts during his rule due to his inexperience and favoritism toward Flemish advisers. Externally, he battled France and the Ottoman Empire for control of territories. He abdicated in 1556, leaving Spain and other territories to his son Philip II.
Philip II established a highly centralized and authoritarian monarchy in Spain. He focused on expanding royal power at the expense of representative bodies like the Cortes. Relig
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Louis XIV ruled France from 1643 until his death in 1715. He consolidated power and reformed France's government and taxation system during his early reign. Louis engaged in numerous wars throughout Europe to expand French territory, though this eventually led to hostility from other nations. By the 1680s, Louis faced open opposition both for his aggressive foreign policy and revocation of rights for French Protestants. His costly wars left France financially devastated by the time of his death.
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Louis XIV moved the French royal court and government to Versailles in 1682. The enormous palace housed over 20,000 courtiers, servants, soldiers, nobles, and bureaucrats who attended on the Sun King. Louis XIV's day was strictly regimented, from his morning levée where he dressed in front of nobles, to attending mass with the court in the ornate Royal Chapel. The Hall of Mirrors was the site of important processions and events reflecting Louis XIV's absolute power and divine right to rule.
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Ferdinand VI continued the reform programs of his predecessors as King of Spain from 1746-1759. He appointed effective ministers who promoted naval construction, tax reform, and currency unification. Ferdinand pursued a policy of neutrality in foreign affairs and signed a concordat that increased royal control over the Spanish Church. He did not have any children with his wife, so his stepbrother Charles III became the next King of Spain.
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The document summarizes the key events in the Dutch Revolt from 1566-1609 and analyzes reasons for the Spanish failure to crush the revolt. It outlines the chronology before examining arguments that Dutch leadership, economic growth, Calvinism, and Spanish failures in leadership, financing, and facing foreign intervention contributed to the Spanish inability to defeat the Dutch rebels and establish control.
Summary Of Failure
The document discusses several factors that contributed to Spain's failure to crush the Dutch revolt, including:
1) Weak and ineffective Spanish leadership under figures like Granvelle, Alva, and Don John which antagonized the Dutch and lacked direction from Philip.
2) Foreign intervention from enemies of Spain like the Ottoman Empire, France, and England which drained Spanish resources and provided some support to the Dutch.
3) The nature of the fighting as a long war of sieges amid fortified towns, difficult terrain, and the Dutch ability to continue trading via sea lanes, which hampered the Spanish war effort.
Peoples and empires part 3
1) In the mid-16th century, the decline of Spain's overseas empire had begun due to financial and moral bankruptcy from its war with the Dutch and failure to develop its overseas possessions for trade.
2) By the late 16th century, the Dutch had begun attacking Portugal's Asian territories, and Spain started losing its grip on its global empire.
3) The War of the Spanish Succession in 1700 following the death of the last Habsburg king of Spain further weakened the Spanish and Portuguese empires.
Philip II
Philip II ruled a vast empire from 1556 to 1598 that included Spain, Portugal, the Low Countries, and territories in Europe, Africa, Asia, and the Americas. He aimed to preserve his territories and defend Catholicism by refusing religious freedom and suppressing Protestantism. However, he faced many problems such as wars with France and England, a revolt in the Low Countries, and battles against Islamic expansion.
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9
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structure of plant communities across different temporal and spatial scales. These changes can
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- 1. The French Court By Ben Acosta
- 2. The French Court Many literary works depicted the royal court of France as a place of privilege and amusement for the King and the nobles, but the court was an institution. It served a political, social, and cultural function. Politically- it was a center of decision-making Socially-it attracted all people looking for advancement Culturally- It promoted innovation and excellence
- 3. Background The court was a gathering of important figure heads in French society meant to serve and amuse the King. Noblemen were required to attend court at certain times of year; this was a means of preventing rebellion. Where ever the King went the court was to follow. The court consisted of 18,000 individuals during peace time and 12,00 during times of war.
- 4. Politically The court had political and diplomatic uses. Noblemen were advisors for the King. He would commission councils out of them to oversee wars matters of state. Diplomats were entertained at court and ambassadors were members. Clergymen were also ambassadors, advisors, and councilors in the court. Benjamin a Franklin attending court
- 5. Socially The court was a symbol of French society. Bourgeois looking to improve their status would go to the court to petition for an administrative position.
- 6. Culturally The court was influential to French culture. Since Noblemen were sent as ambassadors to other countries they would return with new forms of art, literature, and science. When Charles VIII occupied Northern Italy he brought back the Italian Renaissance, even employing Leonardo da Vinci. Charles VIII Leonardo Da Vinci
- 7. Though the French court was an appealing sight, It was a burden on nobles. They saw their attendance as a traditional duty. Nobles had to pay high prices at court and would be required to be away from their homes for long periods. Upon this, violence and scandals happened quit often. During the French Revolution the nobles were beheaded because they saw their extravagances as elitism.
- 8. The End