This document discusses service-oriented architectures and GraphQL. It describes GraphQL as providing a unified query language for data, supporting real-time interactions, and allowing for easy decomposition of monolithic architectures and switching between data stores. The document outlines the key concepts of GraphQL, including its specification, implementations, and ecosystem of tools. It also discusses how GraphQL compares to REST and can be used with service-oriented frameworks like Feathers.

1. Service-oriented
GraphQL
Nick Raienko, Svitla

2. • Web Service Architecture
• Unified Query Language for your data
• Real-time
• Decomposition of your Monolith Architecture
• Easy switch between datastores
Imagine you need…

3. • Web Service Architecture
• Unified Query Language for your data
• Real-time
• Decomposition of your Monolith Architecture
• Easy switch between datastores

4. Web Service Architecture
• W3C Working Group Note 11 (w3.org/TR/ws-arch)
• Defined in 2004

5. Service Oriented Model :(

6. • Web Service Architecture
• Unified Query Language for your data
• Real-time
• Decomposition of your Monolith Architecture
• Easy switch between datastores

9. REST
• Client-server
• Usage of stateless operations
• HTTP for communication
• URI as string to represent desired resource
• Cacheable and Layered

10. REST
• No spec
• No protocol
• No query language
• No real-time

11. REST if you are Backend Developer
const UserList = require('../controllers/userListController');
app.route('/users')
.get(UserList.listUsers)
.post(UserList.createUser);
app.route('/user/:userId')
.get(UserList.getUser)
.put(UserList.updateUser)
.delete(UserList.deleteUser);

12. REST if you are Frontend Developer
async function getUser(id) {
try {
const response =
await fetch(`https://blabla.io/user/${id}`);
const json = await response.json();
return json.user;
} catch(error) {
console.error(error);
}
}

13. REST if you are Roy Fielding

14. What will be the response?
'/user/42'

15. Perhaps
{
“user": {
"id": "42",
"firstName": "Eric",
"lastName": "Cartman",
"userName": "notfat"
}
}

16. Left keys only
{
“user": {
"id": "42",
"firstName": "Eric",
"lastName": "Cartman",
"userName": "notfat"
}
}

17. Add argument
{
“user(id: 42)“: {
"id": "42",
"firstName": "Eric",
"lastName": "Cartman",
"userName": "notfat"
}
}

18. GraphQL Query
{
user(id: 42) {
id
firstName
lastName
userName
}
}

19. GraphQL Mutation
mutation {
createUser(
firstName: “Stan”
lastName: “Marsh”
userName: “stan”
) {
id
firstName
lastName
userName
}
}

20. Thats everything about GraphQL except
Field Aliases
Fragments
Types System
Type
Conditions
Directives
Validation
Interfaces
Inputs
Unions
Enums
Lists
Introspection
Variables
Subscriptions
Errors

21. Real-time here
Field Aliases
Fragments
Types System
Type
Conditions
Directives
Validation
Interfaces
Inputs
Unions
Enums
Lists
Introspection
Variables
Subscriptions
Errors

22. • Web Service Architecture
• Unified Query Language for your data
• Real-time
• Decomposition of your Monolith Architecture
• Easy switch between datastores

23. Subscription
• A long‐lived request that fetches data in response
to source events
• The result is an event stream
• “Pub‐Sub” system may produce an event stream
• Subscriptions, by contrast, are stateful

24. GraphQL Subscription
subscription NewMessages {
newMessage(roomId: 123) {
user
text
}
}

26. • Unified Query Language
• RFC Draft Specification
• Supports Real-time stateful interaction
• graphql-js reference implementation
• express-graphql server
• GraphiQL console

28. • A community building tools for GraphQL
• Significant work on Subscriptions
• Integration with Hapi, Koa, Meteor, AWS Lambda
• Web client for React, Angular, Vanilla JS
• Mobile client for native iOS and Android
• Authentication support

29. GraphQL Example
const userType = new GraphQLObjectType({
name: 'User',
description: ‘User profile.’,
fields: () => ({
id: {
type: new GraphQLNonNull(GraphQLString),
description: 'The id of the user.',
},
username: {
type: GraphQLString,
description: 'The name of the user.',
},
firstName: {
type: GraphQLString,
description: 'The first name of the user.',
},
lastName: {
type: GraphQLString,
description: 'The last name of the user.',
},
}),
});
const queryType = new GraphQLObjectType({
name: 'Query',
fields: () => ({
users: {
type: userType,
args: {
id: {
type: new GraphQLNonNull(GraphQLString)
}
},
resolve: (root, { id }) => getUser(id),
},
})
});
User Type Query Type

30. GraphQL Schema
# User profile.
type User {
# The id of the user.
id: String!
# The name of the user.
name: String
# The first name of the user.
userName: String
# The last name of the user.
firstName: String
}
User Type Query Type
type Query {
users(id: String!): User
}

31. GraphQL Resolver
const resolverMap = {
Query: {
users(obj, args, context, info) => getUser(args.id),
},
};

32. Apollo Architecture
DB
Model
Resolver
Schema
API Cache
Client

33. Apollo Resolver
• Data fetching
• Business logic
• Authorization and Authentication
• Permission rules
• Interface to third-party API
• Caching

34. • Web Service Architecture
• Unified Query Language for your data
• Real-time
• Decomposition of your Monolith Architecture
• Easy switch between datastores

35. • Provide RESTful and Real-Time API
• Service-oriented Architecture
• Datastore Agnostic
• Outstanding Authentication and Permission System
• Client for React, React Native, Angular, Vue
• Scaffolding

36. Feathers Service
export default function() {
const app = this;
const Model = createModel(app);
const options = {
name: 'users',
Model,
};
/* Initialize our service with any options it requires */
app.use('/users', createService(options));
/* Get our initialized service so that we can register hooks and filters */
const service = app.service('users');
service.hooks(hooks);
if (service.filter) {
service.filter(filters);
}
};

37. Feathers Hook
export default {
before: {
all: [],
find: [ authenticate('jwt') ],
get: [ authenticate('jwt') ],
create: [hashPassword() ],
update: [ authenticate('jwt') ],
patch: [ authenticate('jwt') ],
remove: [ authenticate('jwt') ]
},
after: {
all: [commonHooks.when(
hook => hook.params.provider,
commonHooks.discard(‘password’)
)],
find: [],
get: [],
create: [],
update: [],
patch: [],
remove: []
},
};

38. • Web Service Architecture
• Unified Query Language for your data
• Real-time
• Decomposition of your Monolith Architecture
• Easy switch between datastores

40. DB
Model
Hook
Service
Model
Hook
Service
Model
Hook
Service
Client
Feathers Architecture

41. DB
Model
Hook
Service
Model
Hook
Service
Model
Resolver
Schema
Client
Service-Oriented GraphQL

42. • Web Service Architecture
• Unified Query Language for your data
• Real-time
• Decomposition of your Monolith Architecture
• Easy switch between datastores
Service-Oriented GraphQL

43. P.S.
Here be Microservices