Snapshot of my "Futurist Lecture Series" presentation at the 2010 annual conference of the World Future Society in Boston. This PDF has a few sample slides. Want more? Invite me to present!
Social movements are defined as collective efforts by individuals or groups organized to promote or resist social change through persistent and organized collective action. They aim to bring about or resist fundamental changes to existing social groups or societies by establishing a new social order. Some important social movements include globalization which breaks down national barriers, women's movements which fight for equal rights as men, and industrialization which introduced mechanization in manufacturing.
This document discusses theories of social change and social movements. It covers evolutionary and revolutionary views of social change, as well as early social evolutionary theories from the 19th century and more modern resource mobilization and new social movement theories. Key figures discussed include Marx, Weber, Bell, and Castells. The document also defines key terms like social change, cultural lag, and globalization and provides discussion questions about different aspects of social change and social movement theories.
Social change refers to modifications in people's life patterns that occur because societies are constantly in a state of disequilibrium. Early theories viewed change as inevitable, gradual, and moving societies progressively from simple to complex through stages of evolution. Functionalists see societies differentiating over time into more specialized and interdependent roles. Conflict theorists like Marx view society as fragmented with different groups competing for resources, and change occurring through protests or revolution when consensus breaks down.
Define the concept social movement
Discuss the characteristics of social movements
Explain why social movements arise
Discuss in detail the requirements for an effective social movement
Indicate in what ways resistance can be offered against social movements
Social change refers to fundamental alterations in patterns of culture, structure, and social behavior over time that cause society to become something different while remaining the same in some respects. Social change can be driven by changes to the physical environment like climate shifts, population changes such as growth and aging, and clashes over resources and values that involve conflict, negotiation, and accommodation. Supporting social values and norms also influence change as innovation is either permitted or inhibited and cultural traits spread between social units.
This document discusses key concepts related to social change including discovery, equilibrium, innovation, invention, mass society, modernization, postmodernity, social movement, and more. It provides definitions and explanations of these terms. For example, it states that discovery can involve new knowledge about the world or a reinterpretation of existing knowledge, while equilibrium is maintained by small adjustments to change.
There are three main types of social movements: reform movements which seek to change one specific aspect of society, revolutionary movements which aim to overthrow the existing social system and replace it with a new one, and revivalist movements which seek to return a system to its original state of purity. Social movement theories include relative deprivation theory which argues that people take action when they feel deprived of something others have, and strain theory which proposes that societal pressure to achieve goals without means can cause strain and lead to crimes.
Social movements are defined as collective efforts by individuals or groups organized to promote or resist social change through persistent and organized collective action. They aim to bring about or resist fundamental changes to existing social groups or societies by establishing a new social order. Some important social movements include globalization which breaks down national barriers, women's movements which fight for equal rights as men, and industrialization which introduced mechanization in manufacturing.
This document discusses theories of social change and social movements. It covers evolutionary and revolutionary views of social change, as well as early social evolutionary theories from the 19th century and more modern resource mobilization and new social movement theories. Key figures discussed include Marx, Weber, Bell, and Castells. The document also defines key terms like social change, cultural lag, and globalization and provides discussion questions about different aspects of social change and social movement theories.
Social change refers to modifications in people's life patterns that occur because societies are constantly in a state of disequilibrium. Early theories viewed change as inevitable, gradual, and moving societies progressively from simple to complex through stages of evolution. Functionalists see societies differentiating over time into more specialized and interdependent roles. Conflict theorists like Marx view society as fragmented with different groups competing for resources, and change occurring through protests or revolution when consensus breaks down.
Define the concept social movement
Discuss the characteristics of social movements
Explain why social movements arise
Discuss in detail the requirements for an effective social movement
Indicate in what ways resistance can be offered against social movements
Social change refers to fundamental alterations in patterns of culture, structure, and social behavior over time that cause society to become something different while remaining the same in some respects. Social change can be driven by changes to the physical environment like climate shifts, population changes such as growth and aging, and clashes over resources and values that involve conflict, negotiation, and accommodation. Supporting social values and norms also influence change as innovation is either permitted or inhibited and cultural traits spread between social units.
This document discusses key concepts related to social change including discovery, equilibrium, innovation, invention, mass society, modernization, postmodernity, social movement, and more. It provides definitions and explanations of these terms. For example, it states that discovery can involve new knowledge about the world or a reinterpretation of existing knowledge, while equilibrium is maintained by small adjustments to change.
There are three main types of social movements: reform movements which seek to change one specific aspect of society, revolutionary movements which aim to overthrow the existing social system and replace it with a new one, and revivalist movements which seek to return a system to its original state of purity. Social movement theories include relative deprivation theory which argues that people take action when they feel deprived of something others have, and strain theory which proposes that societal pressure to achieve goals without means can cause strain and lead to crimes.
This document provides an overview of social movements. It defines social movements as group actions that empower oppressed populations to enact social or political change. The document then discusses the history and theories of social movements, including resource mobilization theory, political process theory, and deprivation theory. It also outlines different types of social movements such as reform, revolutionary, reactionary, resistance, and utopian movements. Examples of social movements from around the world are also presented. The document concludes by noting some advantages of social movements in bringing about beneficial social change.
Lecture on social movement theory. Answers your basic questions about what social movements are, why social researchers care about studying social movements, and how that is commonly done.
Topic of Sociology, Defining Collective Behavior, Forms of Collective Behavior, Fashions and Fads, Rumors, Urban Legends, Mass Hysteria, Crowds, Theories of Collective Behavior, Need for Collective Behaviour Theories, Various Collective Behaviour Theories, Contagion Theory, Contagion Theory, Contagion Theory, Defining Social Movements, Formation of Social Movements, Types of Social Movements, Redemptive Movements, Alternative Movements, Decline of Social Movements, Theories of Social Movements, Deprivation theory, Mass-society theory, Resource-mobilization theory, New social movements theory, New social movements theory, Globalization and Internet, Social Change, Collective Behavior, Social Movement, Collective Actions, Reformative Social Movements, Reformative Social Movements, Transformative Social Movement, Transformative Social Movement, Reformative Social Movements
This document discusses various frameworks for understanding collective action and environmental governance. It covers topics such as collective action theory, democracy, neoliberalism, cognitive theory versus rational choice, and environmental peacebuilding. A key point is that collective action is a complex process that does not occur in a vacuum and is influenced by political, social, cultural, and historical contexts. Effective environmental governance requires consideration of scales, from the global to the local level, and integration of environmental, democratic, and peacebuilding goals.
The document discusses sources of social change, types of crowds and collective behavior, social movements, and cultural diffusion. It defines key concepts like social change, collective behavior, crowds, dispersed collectives, social movements stages, and cultural diffusion. Sources of social change include internal factors like technology, ideology, and reactions to inequality, as well as external factors like diffusion and forced acculturation. Crowds are temporary groups that can be acting, expressive, conventional, or casual. Dispersed collectives include masses, fads, fashions, rumors, public opinion, propaganda, and hysteria/panic. Social movements progress through incipiency, coalescence, institutionalization, fragmentation, and demise stages as they seek to
This document discusses social innovation. It makes three key points:
1. Social innovation profoundly changes social systems through new initiatives, products, processes or programs that change routines, resource flows, authority structures or beliefs. Successful innovations have broad, long-lasting impact.
2. For social innovations to solve intractable problems, they must disrupt existing institutions that perpetuate those problems. Innovations with broad, durable impact challenge power structures and beliefs at a systemic level.
3. Achieving scale and longevity is a dynamic process requiring both deliberate efforts to develop and spread innovations, as well as opportunities provided by the broader social context. Both "social entrepreneurs" and "institutional entrepreneurs" play important roles,
FreedomWorks is a small-government advocacy group led by former House Majority Leader Dick Armey that is trying to organize conservative activists and harness growing discontent with Democratic policies. It has lent support and organizational resources to tea party protests and town hall demonstrations opposing healthcare reform and other issues. While building its own membership, FreedomWorks is also trying to avoid appearing like it is trying to control the loosely organized conservative movement. Some observers worry large protests risk alienating moderates, while FreedomWorks aims to ride the wave of activism without being seen as its leader.
This document provides summaries and citations for several key texts in critical theory, cultural studies, Marxism, and media studies. It includes summaries of works by Gramsci, Horkheimer and Adorno, Foucault, Debord, Hall, Barthes, McLuhan, Morgan & Purje, Mulvey, Halberstam, Lacan, Foucault, Tavin and Tavin, Marx and Engels, Hill-Collins, Dyer, Habermas, and Jameson that discuss concepts like ideology, spectacle, panopticism, subjectivation, encoding/decoding, myth, media, queer theory, and postmodernism.
Mass behavior refers to collective behavior where geographically separated people respond similarly to an event. Rumors and gossip spread through assembled groups or dispersed individuals and may be modified over time. Mass hysteria involves dispersed people reacting with strong emotions to a perceived threat. Fads are temporary widely copied activities while fashions are longer lasting styles used for status differentiation. Public opinion consists of citizen attitudes measured in polls that vary by demographics and can influence elites through propaganda.
Social movements organize to promote or resist change through collective action and are more common in industrial societies. Reform movements seek specific social changes while revolutionary movements pursue total societal change. Religious movements aim to radically change behavior based on spiritual beliefs. Alternative movements pursue
The concern to keep levels of economic performance maintaining personal well-being conditions is a topic of major interest in most organizations under the current conditions of life context and the demands of production. On the one hand, it is clear the limit of growth rates in many manufacturing sectors in all regions of the world. Furthermore, due to global interdependence the instability is present in all levels of decision.
Collective Behavior, Social Movements, and Social Change Hannah Yana
This document defines collective behavior as behaviors engaged in by large numbers of people. It distinguishes collective behavior from group behavior in that collective behavior involves limited, short interactions without clear boundaries, while groups interact longer with stronger norms. The document then describes different types of collective behavior including fads, mass hysterias, and riots. It also summarizes several theories that attempt to explain collective behavior such as contagion theory, convergence theory, and emergent-norm theory.
This document provides an overview of collective behavior and social movements. It defines collective behavior as spontaneous, unstructured behavior by large groups of people, like crowds, riots, and social movements. It discusses characteristics of collective behavior and theories like emergent norm theory. It also defines crowds, mobs, riots, disasters, and types of each. The document outlines factors that can cause mass behavior, like rumors, public opinion, and panics. It defines social movements as organized efforts to create social change and discusses types of movements and theories to explain them, like deprivation theory. Finally, it outlines the typical stages of a social movement from emergence to decline.
This document summarizes social and cultural change. It defines social change as significant alterations in behavior, values, and norms over time. Examples of major social changes provided include the Industrial Revolution, abolition of slavery, and feminist movement. Theories of social change discussed include evolutionary, conflict, and functionalist theories. Key aspects of social change covered are characteristics, process, factors, resistance/acceptance, and consequences. Suggestions are made for bringing positive social change, such as eradicating problems like poverty, discrimination, illiteracy, and child labor.
Exploratory theory network_society_castellsJulim Coelho
This document provides an overview of Manuel Castells' theory of the network society. It discusses several key transformations that characterize modern social structures, including: 1) The emergence of a new technological paradigm centered around information and communication technologies; 2) The rise of a new informational, globalized, and networked economy; 3) The reorganization of labor and employment around flexible networks. It argues that these changes indicate a shift to a new type of social structure - the network society - where social relationships and interactions are increasingly organized through decentralized networks rather than hierarchies.
This document discusses theories of modernization from the 1950s. It describes Marxist and capitalist theories that emerged during the Cold War, with the Marxist view proposing communism as the path for developing nations and the capitalist view arguing democracy would result. Other theorists like Rostow proposed stages of development and Huntington emphasized social mobilization and economic growth leading to democratization. Critiques noted development was not always linear and different challenges existed for third world countries. The document outlines assumptions of modernization theory and implications for policy.
This document discusses social movements and their role in creating social change. It provides an overview of social movements and their ability to empower people. The author then shares their experience protesting in Bahrain in support of democracy. Finally, it defines the global justice movement as a recent social movement that has emerged in response to governments' inability to control the impacts of globalization. Social movements are described as a way for people to gain power and raise awareness of important issues.
The document discusses a feminist economics workshop held on February 27, 2013. It discusses the concept of social reproduction, which encompasses all the means by which society reproduces itself through families, citizens, and workers. This includes biological reproduction and all social practices that sustain the population, such as child-rearing. Social reproduction challenges distinctions between productive and reproductive labor. Labor involved in social reproduction is often devalued and privatized, typically performed by women in the home alongside paid work. However, this type of reproductive labor is also central to capitalist accumulation.
Collective behavior refers to relatively spontaneous and unstructured actions by large groups of people. It includes crowds, masses, fads, fashion, and disaster behavior. Several theories attempt to explain collective behavior, such as the ignorant mass theory, emotional contagion theory, and convergence perspective.
Neil Smelser identified six preconditions for collective behavior: structural conduciveness, structural strain, generalized belief, precipitating events, mobilization of participants, and social control failure. Social movements are organized attempts to promote or resist societal change through non-institutional means. They can be alternative, redemptive, reformative, or transformative. Mass media plays an important role in collective behavior and social movements by dissemin
Social innovation and the webs of culture - Frances WestleyNesta
Frances Westley examines how culture can both enable and constrain social innovation. She discusses the work of Tostan, which facilitated dialogue to empower communities in Senegal and end female genital cutting. Westley also analyzes how religion can be a barrier or opportunity for change, using the example of funeral ritual changes in Java. Finally, she explores how creating cultures of resilience and using art can catalyze radical social transformation by empowering marginalized voices.
Cultural Contradictions of Scanning in an Evidence-based Policy EnvironmentWendy Schultz
Dr. Wendy L. Schultz discusses horizon scanning as an essential tool for foresight activities that identifies emerging issues and changes. However, scanning faces challenges in an evidence-based policy environment due to contradictions between the subjective, tentative nature of scanning and political and scientific desires for objective, authoritative conclusions. Various techniques like causal layered analysis, integral futures, and spiral dynamics can help overcome biases and validate scan findings from diverse sources to better identify surprises and alternatives for policymaking.
Cause And Effect Of Air Pollution Essay.pdfApril Lynn
(DOC) Pollution - Cause and Effect Essay | Nine Co - Academia.edu. What Are Main Causes Of Air Pollution. 002 Cause And Effect Essay On Pollution Air Causes Effects Solutions .... Narrative Essay: Causes of pollution essay. Effect of Air Pollution on Plants and Animals | Prana Air. Air pollution essay writing diagram - homeworktidy.x.fc2.com. Causes of Air Pollution Essay - Pippa Lawrence. School Essay: Air pollution essay. ️ Essay about air pollution cause and effect. Pollution causes and .... Cause and effect of air pollution essay – The Friary School. Essays about air pollution causes effects - writefiction581.web.fc2.com. Pollution Essay | Pollution | Air Pollution. School Essay: Causes of air pollution essay. Write An Essay On Air Pollution - Essay on Air Pollution: Causes .... Air Pollution Essay | Air Pollution | Atmosphere Of Earth.
This document provides an overview of social movements. It defines social movements as group actions that empower oppressed populations to enact social or political change. The document then discusses the history and theories of social movements, including resource mobilization theory, political process theory, and deprivation theory. It also outlines different types of social movements such as reform, revolutionary, reactionary, resistance, and utopian movements. Examples of social movements from around the world are also presented. The document concludes by noting some advantages of social movements in bringing about beneficial social change.
Lecture on social movement theory. Answers your basic questions about what social movements are, why social researchers care about studying social movements, and how that is commonly done.
Topic of Sociology, Defining Collective Behavior, Forms of Collective Behavior, Fashions and Fads, Rumors, Urban Legends, Mass Hysteria, Crowds, Theories of Collective Behavior, Need for Collective Behaviour Theories, Various Collective Behaviour Theories, Contagion Theory, Contagion Theory, Contagion Theory, Defining Social Movements, Formation of Social Movements, Types of Social Movements, Redemptive Movements, Alternative Movements, Decline of Social Movements, Theories of Social Movements, Deprivation theory, Mass-society theory, Resource-mobilization theory, New social movements theory, New social movements theory, Globalization and Internet, Social Change, Collective Behavior, Social Movement, Collective Actions, Reformative Social Movements, Reformative Social Movements, Transformative Social Movement, Transformative Social Movement, Reformative Social Movements
This document discusses various frameworks for understanding collective action and environmental governance. It covers topics such as collective action theory, democracy, neoliberalism, cognitive theory versus rational choice, and environmental peacebuilding. A key point is that collective action is a complex process that does not occur in a vacuum and is influenced by political, social, cultural, and historical contexts. Effective environmental governance requires consideration of scales, from the global to the local level, and integration of environmental, democratic, and peacebuilding goals.
The document discusses sources of social change, types of crowds and collective behavior, social movements, and cultural diffusion. It defines key concepts like social change, collective behavior, crowds, dispersed collectives, social movements stages, and cultural diffusion. Sources of social change include internal factors like technology, ideology, and reactions to inequality, as well as external factors like diffusion and forced acculturation. Crowds are temporary groups that can be acting, expressive, conventional, or casual. Dispersed collectives include masses, fads, fashions, rumors, public opinion, propaganda, and hysteria/panic. Social movements progress through incipiency, coalescence, institutionalization, fragmentation, and demise stages as they seek to
This document discusses social innovation. It makes three key points:
1. Social innovation profoundly changes social systems through new initiatives, products, processes or programs that change routines, resource flows, authority structures or beliefs. Successful innovations have broad, long-lasting impact.
2. For social innovations to solve intractable problems, they must disrupt existing institutions that perpetuate those problems. Innovations with broad, durable impact challenge power structures and beliefs at a systemic level.
3. Achieving scale and longevity is a dynamic process requiring both deliberate efforts to develop and spread innovations, as well as opportunities provided by the broader social context. Both "social entrepreneurs" and "institutional entrepreneurs" play important roles,
FreedomWorks is a small-government advocacy group led by former House Majority Leader Dick Armey that is trying to organize conservative activists and harness growing discontent with Democratic policies. It has lent support and organizational resources to tea party protests and town hall demonstrations opposing healthcare reform and other issues. While building its own membership, FreedomWorks is also trying to avoid appearing like it is trying to control the loosely organized conservative movement. Some observers worry large protests risk alienating moderates, while FreedomWorks aims to ride the wave of activism without being seen as its leader.
This document provides summaries and citations for several key texts in critical theory, cultural studies, Marxism, and media studies. It includes summaries of works by Gramsci, Horkheimer and Adorno, Foucault, Debord, Hall, Barthes, McLuhan, Morgan & Purje, Mulvey, Halberstam, Lacan, Foucault, Tavin and Tavin, Marx and Engels, Hill-Collins, Dyer, Habermas, and Jameson that discuss concepts like ideology, spectacle, panopticism, subjectivation, encoding/decoding, myth, media, queer theory, and postmodernism.
Mass behavior refers to collective behavior where geographically separated people respond similarly to an event. Rumors and gossip spread through assembled groups or dispersed individuals and may be modified over time. Mass hysteria involves dispersed people reacting with strong emotions to a perceived threat. Fads are temporary widely copied activities while fashions are longer lasting styles used for status differentiation. Public opinion consists of citizen attitudes measured in polls that vary by demographics and can influence elites through propaganda.
Social movements organize to promote or resist change through collective action and are more common in industrial societies. Reform movements seek specific social changes while revolutionary movements pursue total societal change. Religious movements aim to radically change behavior based on spiritual beliefs. Alternative movements pursue
The concern to keep levels of economic performance maintaining personal well-being conditions is a topic of major interest in most organizations under the current conditions of life context and the demands of production. On the one hand, it is clear the limit of growth rates in many manufacturing sectors in all regions of the world. Furthermore, due to global interdependence the instability is present in all levels of decision.
Collective Behavior, Social Movements, and Social Change Hannah Yana
This document defines collective behavior as behaviors engaged in by large numbers of people. It distinguishes collective behavior from group behavior in that collective behavior involves limited, short interactions without clear boundaries, while groups interact longer with stronger norms. The document then describes different types of collective behavior including fads, mass hysterias, and riots. It also summarizes several theories that attempt to explain collective behavior such as contagion theory, convergence theory, and emergent-norm theory.
This document provides an overview of collective behavior and social movements. It defines collective behavior as spontaneous, unstructured behavior by large groups of people, like crowds, riots, and social movements. It discusses characteristics of collective behavior and theories like emergent norm theory. It also defines crowds, mobs, riots, disasters, and types of each. The document outlines factors that can cause mass behavior, like rumors, public opinion, and panics. It defines social movements as organized efforts to create social change and discusses types of movements and theories to explain them, like deprivation theory. Finally, it outlines the typical stages of a social movement from emergence to decline.
This document summarizes social and cultural change. It defines social change as significant alterations in behavior, values, and norms over time. Examples of major social changes provided include the Industrial Revolution, abolition of slavery, and feminist movement. Theories of social change discussed include evolutionary, conflict, and functionalist theories. Key aspects of social change covered are characteristics, process, factors, resistance/acceptance, and consequences. Suggestions are made for bringing positive social change, such as eradicating problems like poverty, discrimination, illiteracy, and child labor.
Exploratory theory network_society_castellsJulim Coelho
This document provides an overview of Manuel Castells' theory of the network society. It discusses several key transformations that characterize modern social structures, including: 1) The emergence of a new technological paradigm centered around information and communication technologies; 2) The rise of a new informational, globalized, and networked economy; 3) The reorganization of labor and employment around flexible networks. It argues that these changes indicate a shift to a new type of social structure - the network society - where social relationships and interactions are increasingly organized through decentralized networks rather than hierarchies.
This document discusses theories of modernization from the 1950s. It describes Marxist and capitalist theories that emerged during the Cold War, with the Marxist view proposing communism as the path for developing nations and the capitalist view arguing democracy would result. Other theorists like Rostow proposed stages of development and Huntington emphasized social mobilization and economic growth leading to democratization. Critiques noted development was not always linear and different challenges existed for third world countries. The document outlines assumptions of modernization theory and implications for policy.
This document discusses social movements and their role in creating social change. It provides an overview of social movements and their ability to empower people. The author then shares their experience protesting in Bahrain in support of democracy. Finally, it defines the global justice movement as a recent social movement that has emerged in response to governments' inability to control the impacts of globalization. Social movements are described as a way for people to gain power and raise awareness of important issues.
The document discusses a feminist economics workshop held on February 27, 2013. It discusses the concept of social reproduction, which encompasses all the means by which society reproduces itself through families, citizens, and workers. This includes biological reproduction and all social practices that sustain the population, such as child-rearing. Social reproduction challenges distinctions between productive and reproductive labor. Labor involved in social reproduction is often devalued and privatized, typically performed by women in the home alongside paid work. However, this type of reproductive labor is also central to capitalist accumulation.
Collective behavior refers to relatively spontaneous and unstructured actions by large groups of people. It includes crowds, masses, fads, fashion, and disaster behavior. Several theories attempt to explain collective behavior, such as the ignorant mass theory, emotional contagion theory, and convergence perspective.
Neil Smelser identified six preconditions for collective behavior: structural conduciveness, structural strain, generalized belief, precipitating events, mobilization of participants, and social control failure. Social movements are organized attempts to promote or resist societal change through non-institutional means. They can be alternative, redemptive, reformative, or transformative. Mass media plays an important role in collective behavior and social movements by dissemin
Social innovation and the webs of culture - Frances WestleyNesta
Frances Westley examines how culture can both enable and constrain social innovation. She discusses the work of Tostan, which facilitated dialogue to empower communities in Senegal and end female genital cutting. Westley also analyzes how religion can be a barrier or opportunity for change, using the example of funeral ritual changes in Java. Finally, she explores how creating cultures of resilience and using art can catalyze radical social transformation by empowering marginalized voices.
Cultural Contradictions of Scanning in an Evidence-based Policy EnvironmentWendy Schultz
Dr. Wendy L. Schultz discusses horizon scanning as an essential tool for foresight activities that identifies emerging issues and changes. However, scanning faces challenges in an evidence-based policy environment due to contradictions between the subjective, tentative nature of scanning and political and scientific desires for objective, authoritative conclusions. Various techniques like causal layered analysis, integral futures, and spiral dynamics can help overcome biases and validate scan findings from diverse sources to better identify surprises and alternatives for policymaking.
Cause And Effect Of Air Pollution Essay.pdfApril Lynn
(DOC) Pollution - Cause and Effect Essay | Nine Co - Academia.edu. What Are Main Causes Of Air Pollution. 002 Cause And Effect Essay On Pollution Air Causes Effects Solutions .... Narrative Essay: Causes of pollution essay. Effect of Air Pollution on Plants and Animals | Prana Air. Air pollution essay writing diagram - homeworktidy.x.fc2.com. Causes of Air Pollution Essay - Pippa Lawrence. School Essay: Air pollution essay. ️ Essay about air pollution cause and effect. Pollution causes and .... Cause and effect of air pollution essay – The Friary School. Essays about air pollution causes effects - writefiction581.web.fc2.com. Pollution Essay | Pollution | Air Pollution. School Essay: Causes of air pollution essay. Write An Essay On Air Pollution - Essay on Air Pollution: Causes .... Air Pollution Essay | Air Pollution | Atmosphere Of Earth.
This chapter introduces several theoretical perspectives relevant for understanding human behavior at the macro level, including ecosystems theory, structural functionalism, and conflict theory. It also discusses feminist, empowerment, and anti-oppressive perspectives. Ecosystems theory views people interacting within environmental contexts and emphasizes sustainability. Structural functionalism examines social institutions and their functions in maintaining societal equilibrium, while conflict theory sees society as characterized by power struggles and inequality. Feminist perspectives analyze gender-based disparities in status and power across cultures and history.
This document discusses the nature of social problems from a sociological perspective. It provides definitions of key concepts, including that sociology is the scientific study of human social relationships and groups. It outlines four criteria for something to be considered a social problem: 1) a real objective condition must exist, 2) people must subjectively perceive the condition as a problem, 3) it involves a gap between social ideals and realities, and 4) it must be seen as capable of collective solution. The sociological approach to analyzing social problems uses theory and research methods like case studies and surveys. Different theoretical perspectives like social disorganization and value conflict are also discussed.
Culture And Elusive Culture, A Theory Of CultureKaren Gilchrist
The document discusses three theories related to culture: culture and personality theory, basic/modal personality theory, and dynamic social impact theory. Culture and personality theory assumes cultural homogeneity, but this fails to account for diversity within cultures. Basic/modal personality theory proposes common personality types across cultures. Dynamic social impact theory recognizes that culture and the individual interact and influence each other over time.
How do we approach messy. practical problems? A reflection on how to respond ...Martin de Wit
The question how to approach practical, messy problems where problems are not well-defined remains actual. The recent financial and economic crisis, as well as an emerging ecological crisis, is an opportunity to reflect on deeper questions on how to approach and inform decisions in the real world.
1. Andrew Light argues that environmental ethics should take a more pragmatic approach and embrace both biocentric and anthropocentric views to engage the public on environmental issues. This will make environmental ethics more accessible and allow environmental philosophers to better persuade people.
2. Ramachandra Guha provides a developing world perspective on environmental ethics, arguing that Western conservation models can harm indigenous communities. Sustainability approaches must consider how local human populations interact with nature.
3. Brian Walker and David Salt introduce resilience thinking, which focuses on systems' ability to withstand disturbances rather than optimization. Considering interconnected social and ecological systems can increase nature's value and support sustainability.
Running head SOCIAL BEHAVIOR EVOLUTION AND ARISING OPPORTUNITIE.docxagnesdcarey33086
Running head: SOCIAL BEHAVIOR EVOLUTION AND ARISING OPPORTUNITIES 1
SOCIAL BEHAVIOR EVOLUTION AND ARISING OPPORTUNITIES
6
The Evolution of Social Behavior and Opportunities That Arise Annotated Bibliography
Joseph L Yokum
Grantham University
CA499 Professional Strategies
Prof Matt Diggs
25 February 2014
The Evolution of Social Behavior and Opportunities That Arise Annotated Bibliography
Bergman, J. (2002). Darwin’s critical influence on the ruthless extremes of capitalism. Technical
Journal, 16(2), 105-109. Retrieved from http://creation.com/darwins-critical-influence-on-the-ruthless-extremes-of-capitalism
This article discusses the influence that Charles Darwin’s survival of the fittest theory, had on the evolution of social behavior, and the ruthless rise of capitalism. The author argues that Darwin’s theory not only promoted capitalism, but it promotes an extreme brand of individualistic capitalism, where “. . . other persons count for little, and that it is both natural and proper to exploit "weaker" companies” (Bergman, 2002). In addition, the author points out that although Darwin’s theory applied to the evolution of living things; businessmen, engaged in exploitative economic pursuit, adopted it to legitimize their actions in the market place, and glorify free enterprise. This source relates well to the evolution of social behavior because, it is an effort to determine how capitalism flourished in the 1800s and its relation to the evolution of individual perception on exploitative economics. Furthermore, the source lends credence to the argument that the evolution of social behavior relates directly to opportunities that arise in the marketplace and subsequent entrepreneurship, and its list of credible references could be useful in compiling this paper.
Dowling, J., & Pfeffer, J. (1975). Organizational legitimacy: Social values and organizational
behavior. Pacific Sociological Review, 122-136. Retrieved from http://www.jstor.org/stable/1388226
This paper looks at organizational legitimacy, and how social values and organizational behavior seek to assert an organization’s legitimacy. The authors observe that organization philanthropic activities, size of the board of directors and even annual reports and org anization communications are efforts made by organizations to make them legitimate. Dowling and Pfeffer add that organizations seek legitimacy by ensuring that their activities and perceived norms are in tandem with the “. . . norms of acceptable behavior in the larger social system” (p. 122). Thus, organizations will only seek business ventures that are in line with what society accepts and allows. This source is important because it seeks to explain why businesses will only engage in certain types of businesses in large numbers, engage in other businesses minimally, and avoid other businesses altogether. The paper presents logical arguments, backed up by thorough research and it has a lon.
The document compares and contrasts different social science paradigms at both the micro and macro levels. It discusses several paradigms including the conflict paradigm, functionalism, behavioralism, and perspectives based on human development theory. It also outlines four traditions in working with people with intellectual disabilities - rights-based, skills-based, behavioral, and developmental approaches. Natural sciences are seen as progressing from false to true views, while social sciences paradigms may gain or lose popularity but are seldom discarded.
SPECIAL ISSUE CRITICAL REALISM IN IS RESEARCHCRITICAL RE.docxsusanschei
This document provides an introduction to critical realism as a philosophy and framework for information systems research. It discusses the key concepts of critical realism such as the ontological view that an objective reality exists independently of our knowledge, and the stratified view of reality consisting of the real, actual, and empirical domains. Critical realism supports methodological pluralism using a variety of quantitative and qualitative methods to study different types of objects. The document also discusses how critical realism has been applied in social science research, focusing on the work of Margaret Archer and Tony Lawson in developing critical realist approaches within their fields.
This document provides an overview of theories of social change. It discusses historical models of social change including ideas of decline, cyclic change, and progress. It also examines patterns of social change including cyclic change, one-directional change, and combined patterns. Key factors that can drive social change are discussed such as the natural environment, demographics, technology, economics, ideas, social movements, and politics. Mechanisms of social change like saturation and exhaustion, conflict/cooperation, tension and adaptation, and the diffusion of innovations are also outlined.
The document discusses various social science disciplines including sociology, political science, psychology, anthropology, and economics. It defines each discipline and provides examples of topics studied within each field. It also discusses sociological research methods and key concepts like variables, hypotheses, validity, reliability, and triangulation of methods.
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Thomas Jefferson UniversityJefferson Digital CommonsScho.docxjuliennehar
Thomas Jefferson University
Jefferson Digital Commons
School of Nursing Faculty Papers & Presentations Jefferson College of Nursing
2-10-2011
Defining and Assessing Organizational Culture
Jennifer Bellot PhD, RN, MHSA
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Recommended Citation
Bellot PhD, RN, MHSA, Jennifer, "Defining and Assessing Organizational Culture" (2011). School of
Nursing Faculty Papers & Presentations. Paper 34.
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Organizational Culture 1
As submitted to:
Nursing Forum
And later published as:
Defining and Assessing Organizational Culture
Volume 46, Issue 1, pages 29–37, January-March 2011
DOI: 10.1111/j.1744-6198.2010.00207.x
The target of much debate, organizational culture has occupied a prominent
position in multidisciplinary publications since the early 1980s. Fraught with
inconsistencies, the early research and literature addressing organizational culture was
often conflicting and recursive. As one researcher stated, culture is “one of the two or
three most complicated words in the English language” (Williams, 1983). Years of
conceptualization, comparison and assessment have led to an emerging consensus on the
appropriate definition and role for organizational culture. This manuscript documents the
h ...
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19. The New 'Responsibility Paradigm':What is a paradigm? “A philosophical and theoretical framework of a scientific school or discipline within which theories, laws, and generalizations - and the experiments performed in support of them - are formulated… a philosophical or theoretical framework of any kind.” (Merriam-Webster Dictionary) Also used in the sense of Weltanschauung - a German term for “world view” and referred in the social sciences as: A set of experiences, beliefs, and values that affect the way an individual perceives reality and responds to that perception.
20. The New 'Responsibility Paradigm':What is a paradigm shift? A change in how society goes about organizing and understanding reality. A dominant paradigm: The values, or system of thought, that are most standard and widely held at a given moment. (Definition of a paradigm advanced in 1986 by Indian writer and philosopher M.L. Handa in the context of social sciences: Changing social circumstances that precipitate a shift on social institutions - including education - impact perceptions of reality.)
21. The New 'Responsibility Paradigm':What is a paradigm shift? The result of collective yet seemingly unrelated phenomena unintentionally conspiring to produce fallout in the form of a steady succession of transformational occurrences.
22. The New 'Responsibility Paradigm':An Evolution in Collective Consciousness The pursuit, on a continuum, of a consensus for - and expectation of - notions of responsibility. A fundamental realignment - in character and purpose, authority, impact, and connectivity - of many instruments of our government, culture, economic and political system. A permanent alteration or transformation of an entrenched way of thinking, being, and acting.