This presentation covers renewable energy options including solar thermal, photovoltaics, and wind. It discusses the basic technology behind each option, costs, financial incentives, and considerations for installation such as roof orientation and shading issues. Installation costs can be recouped in 5-7 years for solar thermal and wind may provide the quickest payback if installed in an appropriate location.

1. This presentation is protected by US and International copyright laws. Reproduction, distribution, display and use of the presentation without written permission of the speaker is prohibited. © Alteris Renewables Inc. - Earth Friendly Energy Group 2009 formerly SolarWrights, WindWrights and Solar Works, Inc. Copyright Materials

2. Liz Argo Alteris Renewables - Outreach & Media Development Director Learning Objectives: Understand existing renewable energy options Understand costs utilizing current local rebate programs and tax incentives Understand basic building requirements for optimal integration of renewable energy solutions

3. Solar Thermal Photovoltaics Wind

4. Solar Thermal Photovoltaics

5. Magnetic Declination

6. A Successful Solar Energy Installation favors Solar South Magnetic Reading of 195 degrees

7. Sun Angle

8. Roof Pitch of 35 degrees (8/12) for photovoltaics 45 to 55 degrees (12/12 or greater) for solar thermal Less critical - installation pitch for the sun angle

9. Effects of these 2 orientation considerations

10. Good southern exposure between 9AM and 3PM with no shading

11. Things to check for: Dormers Vent Stacks Trees Hips and Valleys Skylights TV antennas and satellite dishes. Chimneys Neighboring homes Array Obstructions

12. Shading Critical Much more so for photovoltaics

13. Solar Thermal Photovoltaics

14. Solar Thermal

15. Solar Thermal 1. Solar Domestic Hot Water Heating These systems are used to generate hot water for potable means, like bathing, food prep, washing, etc. There are several different kinds of SDHW heating systems. 2. Solar Space Heating Systems These systems heat both the domestic hot water load and provide solar thermal heat for space heating. 3. Pool Heating These systems are used to extend the usable season of a seasonal pool, or to offset the amount of fossil fuel used to heat the pool.

16. Solar Domestic Hot Water Heating 10/9/03

17. Solar Domestic Hot Water System How does it work? About 1 collector per person

18. Solar Heating: How does it work? Same as the domestic hot water heating systems with the following additions. Because we want the heat during the months of the least amount of solar resource, the following adjustments must be made to the system. Increased collector tilt to gain more energy in the winter months. Choose an evacuated tube collector for greater collector efficiency under cold ambient temps. Make provisions for excess heat in the summer months. Increased size of solar thermal storage tank for larger systems.

19. Solar Hot Water Collector Evacuated Tube 10/9/03 Evacuated tubes are more efficient under colder ambient temperatures. Evac tubes cost more. Life expectancy of evacuated tubes is less*.

20. Solar Space Heating 55 (or greater) degrees roof pitch

21. How much does solar thermal cost? Residential $10,500-12,000 for a two collector system. About $1,000 additional for each additional collector Vacuum tube systems will cost more Commercial Varies considerably depending on size of system and type of system

22. With the following financial assumptions: Federal government tax credit totaling $2,000. National Grid rebate of up to $1,500.00 for its gas customers. Life expectancy of the solar thermal system 20 years (warrantees for 20 on modules/7 on tanks) $200 maintenance charge every 5 years. Will eliminate about 75% of current fossil fuel costs to heat water currently. What is the return on my solar domestic hot water investment?

23. With the following financial assumptions: Federal government tax credit totaling $2,000. National Grid rebate of up to $1,500.00 for its gas customers. Life expectancy of the solar thermal system 20 years (warrantees for 20 on modules/7 on tanks) $200 maintenance charge every 5 years. Will eliminate about 75% of current fossil fuel costs to heat water currently. What is the return on my solar domestic hot water investment? From 5 – 7 year Payback

24. Appropriate Heating System Use Applicable only as low heat supplement Geothermal/Heat Pumps Radiant Floor Will require high electrical demand due to constant pump activity and PV should be strongly considered Extremely compatible

25. Solar Air Heating ON A ROOF INTO A WALL ON A WALL

26. Solar Pool Heating Cost effective Extends swimming system Reduces fossil fuel use

27. Solar Thermal Photovoltaics

28. Photovoltaics

29. Solar Photovoltaics C Gull’s Nest Condominiums – 14.75kW Provincetown, MA

30. Types of PV Systems 1. Utility Interactive Systems- Also known as Grid Tied In these systems the PV array output feeds through an inverter directly into the utility grid. 2. Stand Alone Systems In these systems the PV array charges a battery bank. The batteries store electricity for non sun periods. Both Direct Current and Alternating Current electricity are typically available. 3. Utility Interactive/Backup System This system combines the two above systems. The PV array connects through an inverter that can operate as an interfaced inverter or a stand alone one. The PV also keeps the backup battery bank charged.

31. Net Metering Compass Point School

32. How does PV work? Sunlight hits the solar modules and generates DC electricity - which flows in series. The disconnect allows for safe isolation of the solar array. The DC current flows into an inverter. The converted power is tied into a dedicated breaker at the box.

33. How does PV work?

34. Inverter & Support Equipment

35. Interactive inverter with backup battery system

36. Ground Mounts or Pole Mounts

37. Enhancing solar gain via trackers Trackers can typically achieve about 15 to 20% annual solar gain from your array.

38. Also provide summer shading to windows to reduce summer heat load while keeping winter solar resource Solar Awnings

39. Photovoltaic Modules with 45s

40. Average PV Installation Size A home uses between 5,000 kwh – 12,000 kwh annually Use a divisor of 1.2 to convert kWh to kW Average size PV system required is between 4kW - 10 kW @ 200 watts per module, that’s between 20 - 50 modules From 360 – 780 square ft.

41. How much does PV cost? Residential $8-$10 per DC watt for a grid tie system Flush roof mount $8-$8.5 Ground Mount $9 -$9.5 Pole Mount $9-$10 $13-$18 per DC watt for a battery system Commercial $7.5-$8 larger systems 40kW -400kW $8-$10 for 40kW to 3kW

42. Tax Credits Federal – New as of October 2008 30% of costs – no cap or limit State - Massachusetts: $2,000.00 Rhode Island: Currently none

43. Massachusetts Residential Rebates through the Commonwealth Solar Initiative Residential Rebates ($ per watt (dc)) Base Incentive $ 1.00 Massachusetts Manufactured Component Adder $ 0.15 Moderate Home Value Adder* $ 2.00 * Home & property Town assessed @ under $400,000.00 Massachusetts Only State incentive programs?

44. Individual effects of the tax benefits and the tax liabilities need to be examined by a tax advisor For up to date information on tax laws go to www.dsireusa.org Customers must check with a Tax Advisor!

45. PV Maintenance None!

46. Life Expectancy 35 – 45 Years

47. Warranties Photovoltaic Modules: 20 - 25 Years Inverters: 10 Years

48. BIPV Systems Attractive Labor intensive Requires a high degree of skill to install Combine PV and Solar Space Heating

49. Combination Solar Space Heating and Solar Photovoltaics (BIPV)

50. Solar Electric Roof Shingles

51. Standing Seam Solar Electric Roof with Solar Laminate or “Thin Film”

52. Whole Foods Market 28.8 kW Ballast Pan Photovoltaic Installation

53. Solar Thermal Photovoltaics Wind

54. Wind

55. Wind Small Residential Wind or Larger “Neighborhood” Net Metering Wind Turbines

56. How does wind work? Some turbines are direct drive and will require no conversion to AC

57. Recommendation for a wind solution is VERY dependent on site conditions. A professional will need to apprise. Neighborhood logistics are a greater consideration due to noise, flicker, and visual considerations. Zoning restrictions can make wind a lengthy installation effort. A wind installation in the appropriate location can provide the quickest payback. A high maintenance profile accompanies a wind installation. Large community wind installations are most recommended. Wind Considerations

58. How much does Wind cost? Does not include Annual Maintenance Variables which will affect cost: - Height & Type of tower (tilt up, lattice, monopole) - Soil conditions for tower installation - Length of run from install site to power tie-in. $285,000.00 100kW (in 12mph wind may provide 150,000kWh) May require three phase power available $78,000.00 10kW (in 12mph wind may provide 15,000kWh) $38,000.00 2.5kW (in 12mph wind may provide 5,000kWh) Approximate Costs - Size -

59. Tax Credits Federal Tax Credit– New as of October 2008 30% of costs – $4,000.00 limit for installations under 10kW State Tax Credits - Massachusetts: $2,000.00 Rhode Island: Currently none

60. Massachusetts Residential Rebates for turbines under 10kW- through the Small Renewables Initiative (SRI) The MTC will be announcing its new SRI program in January. The rebates will be production based due to lower than anticipated production from installations previously. Massachusetts Only State incentive programs? Small Wind

61. Massachusetts Residential Rebates for turbines over 10kW- through the Large Onsite Renewables Initiative (LORI) The LORI is a twice yearly competitive grant program with awards ranging from $20,000 - $240,000.00. Massachusetts Only State incentive programs? Large Wind

62. Thank you for your time! Please contact Liz Argo for more information: 866-682-0514 [email_address] This concludes The American Institute of Architects Continuing Education Systems Program Questions?

63. Useful Websites www.dsireusa.org - List of all state and federal incentives www.nesea.org - Site of the Northeast Sustainable Energy Association http:// www.masstech.org /solar - MA state rebate program http:// www.sebane.org / - Solar Energy Business Association of New England. http:// www.irecusa.org / - Interstate renewable energy council - market issues, restructuring, policies, incentives, and procurement. w ww.safeclimate.net You can check out your environmental CO 2 impact.