The compact spinning is a process where fiber strand drawn by drafting system is condensed before twisting it.Following methods are used by machine manufacturers to condense the fiber strand.
1. Aerodynamic condensing.
2. Mechanical condensing.
3. Magnetic condensing.
Compact spinning has a promising future because of the higher production and improved quality of compact yarns
Effect of gauge variation of circular knitting machine on physical and mechan...Elias Khalil (ইলিয়াস খলিল)
This paper deals with the results of an investigation of various gauges of circular knitting machines with a view to producing same single jersey fabric with different parameters. All parameters including machine diameter, stitch length, yarn count, yarn lot, yarn tension etc. but gauges are used for this work is different. Even dyeing has been done at the same time on the same machine by stitching one with other, finishing parameters and processes are also same and done at same time as well to minimize the effects of other variable which can be responsible for changing the physical and mechanical properties like finished width of the fabric, finished GSM (Grams per Square Meter), shrinkage, spirality, bursting strength etc. This is done for finding only the effects which actually affects the fabric properties. Finally the findings or results are as expected with some variations with the results that are thought theoretically.
Spinning is the first steps of textile product processing. The process of making yarns from the textile fiber is called spinning. There are various types of spinning techniques for producing various types of yarn.
The compact spinning is a process where fiber strand drawn by drafting system is condensed before twisting it.Following methods are used by machine manufacturers to condense the fiber strand.
1. Aerodynamic condensing.
2. Mechanical condensing.
3. Magnetic condensing.
Compact spinning has a promising future because of the higher production and improved quality of compact yarns
Effect of gauge variation of circular knitting machine on physical and mechan...Elias Khalil (ইলিয়াস খলিল)
This paper deals with the results of an investigation of various gauges of circular knitting machines with a view to producing same single jersey fabric with different parameters. All parameters including machine diameter, stitch length, yarn count, yarn lot, yarn tension etc. but gauges are used for this work is different. Even dyeing has been done at the same time on the same machine by stitching one with other, finishing parameters and processes are also same and done at same time as well to minimize the effects of other variable which can be responsible for changing the physical and mechanical properties like finished width of the fabric, finished GSM (Grams per Square Meter), shrinkage, spirality, bursting strength etc. This is done for finding only the effects which actually affects the fabric properties. Finally the findings or results are as expected with some variations with the results that are thought theoretically.
Spinning is the first steps of textile product processing. The process of making yarns from the textile fiber is called spinning. There are various types of spinning techniques for producing various types of yarn.
This paper deals with the result of an investigation by using different count yarn but same
parameters of knitting machine to produce cotton-elastane single jersey fabric. Here,the all parameters of
knitting machine including gauge, dia ,Stitch length, rpm, machine tension etcare same. Dyeing process also
carried out at same parameter for all fabrics. Finishing process like Heat setting, Stentering, compacting are
done in same condition But we use different count cotton yarn. In this paper, we mainly deal with the physical
properties of single jersey cotton fabric. we try to identify how the properties of single jersey knitted fabric like
fabric diameter(gray& finished condition) ,WPI&CPI(gray& finished condition),Fabric GSM(gray& finished
condition),Shrinkage (%) length &width wise, spiralityare changing with Count .Finally the findings are as
expected with some variation with the result that are thought theoretically.
Effect of count and stitch length on spirality of single jersey knit fabriceSAT Journals
Abstract
The following paper focuses on change in spirality due to stitch length and count variation .This work was carried out with 12 samples of single jersey knit fabrics which were scoured and bleached with NaOH and H2O2 (35% strength), dyed with reactive dye (Remazol Yellow RR reactive class) and were finished as standard procedure . After finishing the samples were tested for spirality and compared between different stitch length and count. The result obtained in this research indicated that spirality increases strongly due to increase of stitch length when count of yarn is fixed and on fixed stitch length spirality increases with the increment of count.
Keywords: Spirality, Count, Stitch length.
A loom is a device used to produce weave fabrics . It's the central point of the whole process of fabric production. ... MODERN LOOM Modern loom means Shuttle less loom. Its development during the 20th century. Several types of modern loom have Come for industrial use.
It is a fully informative presentation slide about Modern Loom. Here we discussed about Modern Loom, Types & details of every types with figure and video.
Effect of machine parameters on knit fabric specificationstawfik_hussein
Effect of Machine Parameters on Knit Fabric Specifications
Cotton knit fabrics of yarn count 16Ne, 20Ne, 26Ne, 30Ne, 40Ne and 120-200 GSM for plain, 165-280 GSM for rib, 205-250 GSM for interlock were investigated with different machine parameters. The investigation developed a way so that it can be visualized or can forecast the resulting fabric specification with required configuration. The research emphasized on the adjustable points on which fabric GSM, stitch length, fabric width, and compactness directly or indirectly depends. It can be approached that the yarn count increases with the machine gauge. At different ranges of GSM the variation of the finished fabric diameter with the machine diameter is different. From a constant, VDQ number can be obtained for a particular stitch length and fabric design. Key Words: GSM, Stitch length, Yarn count, Fabric Width, Machine gauge, Needle.
Builder.ai Founder Sachin Dev Duggal's Strategic Approach to Create an Innova...Ramesh Iyer
In today's fast-changing business world, Companies that adapt and embrace new ideas often need help to keep up with the competition. However, fostering a culture of innovation takes much work. It takes vision, leadership and willingness to take risks in the right proportion. Sachin Dev Duggal, co-founder of Builder.ai, has perfected the art of this balance, creating a company culture where creativity and growth are nurtured at each stage.
This paper deals with the result of an investigation by using different count yarn but same
parameters of knitting machine to produce cotton-elastane single jersey fabric. Here,the all parameters of
knitting machine including gauge, dia ,Stitch length, rpm, machine tension etcare same. Dyeing process also
carried out at same parameter for all fabrics. Finishing process like Heat setting, Stentering, compacting are
done in same condition But we use different count cotton yarn. In this paper, we mainly deal with the physical
properties of single jersey cotton fabric. we try to identify how the properties of single jersey knitted fabric like
fabric diameter(gray& finished condition) ,WPI&CPI(gray& finished condition),Fabric GSM(gray& finished
condition),Shrinkage (%) length &width wise, spiralityare changing with Count .Finally the findings are as
expected with some variation with the result that are thought theoretically.
Effect of count and stitch length on spirality of single jersey knit fabriceSAT Journals
Abstract
The following paper focuses on change in spirality due to stitch length and count variation .This work was carried out with 12 samples of single jersey knit fabrics which were scoured and bleached with NaOH and H2O2 (35% strength), dyed with reactive dye (Remazol Yellow RR reactive class) and were finished as standard procedure . After finishing the samples were tested for spirality and compared between different stitch length and count. The result obtained in this research indicated that spirality increases strongly due to increase of stitch length when count of yarn is fixed and on fixed stitch length spirality increases with the increment of count.
Keywords: Spirality, Count, Stitch length.
A loom is a device used to produce weave fabrics . It's the central point of the whole process of fabric production. ... MODERN LOOM Modern loom means Shuttle less loom. Its development during the 20th century. Several types of modern loom have Come for industrial use.
It is a fully informative presentation slide about Modern Loom. Here we discussed about Modern Loom, Types & details of every types with figure and video.
Effect of machine parameters on knit fabric specificationstawfik_hussein
Effect of Machine Parameters on Knit Fabric Specifications
Cotton knit fabrics of yarn count 16Ne, 20Ne, 26Ne, 30Ne, 40Ne and 120-200 GSM for plain, 165-280 GSM for rib, 205-250 GSM for interlock were investigated with different machine parameters. The investigation developed a way so that it can be visualized or can forecast the resulting fabric specification with required configuration. The research emphasized on the adjustable points on which fabric GSM, stitch length, fabric width, and compactness directly or indirectly depends. It can be approached that the yarn count increases with the machine gauge. At different ranges of GSM the variation of the finished fabric diameter with the machine diameter is different. From a constant, VDQ number can be obtained for a particular stitch length and fabric design. Key Words: GSM, Stitch length, Yarn count, Fabric Width, Machine gauge, Needle.
Builder.ai Founder Sachin Dev Duggal's Strategic Approach to Create an Innova...Ramesh Iyer
In today's fast-changing business world, Companies that adapt and embrace new ideas often need help to keep up with the competition. However, fostering a culture of innovation takes much work. It takes vision, leadership and willingness to take risks in the right proportion. Sachin Dev Duggal, co-founder of Builder.ai, has perfected the art of this balance, creating a company culture where creativity and growth are nurtured at each stage.
Transcript: Selling digital books in 2024: Insights from industry leaders - T...BookNet Canada
The publishing industry has been selling digital audiobooks and ebooks for over a decade and has found its groove. What’s changed? What has stayed the same? Where do we go from here? Join a group of leading sales peers from across the industry for a conversation about the lessons learned since the popularization of digital books, best practices, digital book supply chain management, and more.
Link to video recording: https://bnctechforum.ca/sessions/selling-digital-books-in-2024-insights-from-industry-leaders/
Presented by BookNet Canada on May 28, 2024, with support from the Department of Canadian Heritage.
LF Energy Webinar: Electrical Grid Modelling and Simulation Through PowSyBl -...DanBrown980551
Do you want to learn how to model and simulate an electrical network from scratch in under an hour?
Then welcome to this PowSyBl workshop, hosted by Rte, the French Transmission System Operator (TSO)!
During the webinar, you will discover the PowSyBl ecosystem as well as handle and study an electrical network through an interactive Python notebook.
PowSyBl is an open source project hosted by LF Energy, which offers a comprehensive set of features for electrical grid modelling and simulation. Among other advanced features, PowSyBl provides:
- A fully editable and extendable library for grid component modelling;
- Visualization tools to display your network;
- Grid simulation tools, such as power flows, security analyses (with or without remedial actions) and sensitivity analyses;
The framework is mostly written in Java, with a Python binding so that Python developers can access PowSyBl functionalities as well.
What you will learn during the webinar:
- For beginners: discover PowSyBl's functionalities through a quick general presentation and the notebook, without needing any expert coding skills;
- For advanced developers: master the skills to efficiently apply PowSyBl functionalities to your real-world scenarios.
JMeter webinar - integration with InfluxDB and GrafanaRTTS
Watch this recorded webinar about real-time monitoring of application performance. See how to integrate Apache JMeter, the open-source leader in performance testing, with InfluxDB, the open-source time-series database, and Grafana, the open-source analytics and visualization application.
In this webinar, we will review the benefits of leveraging InfluxDB and Grafana when executing load tests and demonstrate how these tools are used to visualize performance metrics.
Length: 30 minutes
Session Overview
-------------------------------------------
During this webinar, we will cover the following topics while demonstrating the integrations of JMeter, InfluxDB and Grafana:
- What out-of-the-box solutions are available for real-time monitoring JMeter tests?
- What are the benefits of integrating InfluxDB and Grafana into the load testing stack?
- Which features are provided by Grafana?
- Demonstration of InfluxDB and Grafana using a practice web application
To view the webinar recording, go to:
https://www.rttsweb.com/jmeter-integration-webinar
Neuro-symbolic is not enough, we need neuro-*semantic*Frank van Harmelen
Neuro-symbolic (NeSy) AI is on the rise. However, simply machine learning on just any symbolic structure is not sufficient to really harvest the gains of NeSy. These will only be gained when the symbolic structures have an actual semantics. I give an operational definition of semantics as “predictable inference”.
All of this illustrated with link prediction over knowledge graphs, but the argument is general.
Software Delivery At the Speed of AI: Inflectra Invests In AI-Powered QualityInflectra
In this insightful webinar, Inflectra explores how artificial intelligence (AI) is transforming software development and testing. Discover how AI-powered tools are revolutionizing every stage of the software development lifecycle (SDLC), from design and prototyping to testing, deployment, and monitoring.
Learn about:
• The Future of Testing: How AI is shifting testing towards verification, analysis, and higher-level skills, while reducing repetitive tasks.
• Test Automation: How AI-powered test case generation, optimization, and self-healing tests are making testing more efficient and effective.
• Visual Testing: Explore the emerging capabilities of AI in visual testing and how it's set to revolutionize UI verification.
• Inflectra's AI Solutions: See demonstrations of Inflectra's cutting-edge AI tools like the ChatGPT plugin and Azure Open AI platform, designed to streamline your testing process.
Whether you're a developer, tester, or QA professional, this webinar will give you valuable insights into how AI is shaping the future of software delivery.
Search and Society: Reimagining Information Access for Radical FuturesBhaskar Mitra
The field of Information retrieval (IR) is currently undergoing a transformative shift, at least partly due to the emerging applications of generative AI to information access. In this talk, we will deliberate on the sociotechnical implications of generative AI for information access. We will argue that there is both a critical necessity and an exciting opportunity for the IR community to re-center our research agendas on societal needs while dismantling the artificial separation between the work on fairness, accountability, transparency, and ethics in IR and the rest of IR research. Instead of adopting a reactionary strategy of trying to mitigate potential social harms from emerging technologies, the community should aim to proactively set the research agenda for the kinds of systems we should build inspired by diverse explicitly stated sociotechnical imaginaries. The sociotechnical imaginaries that underpin the design and development of information access technologies needs to be explicitly articulated, and we need to develop theories of change in context of these diverse perspectives. Our guiding future imaginaries must be informed by other academic fields, such as democratic theory and critical theory, and should be co-developed with social science scholars, legal scholars, civil rights and social justice activists, and artists, among others.
Epistemic Interaction - tuning interfaces to provide information for AI supportAlan Dix
Paper presented at SYNERGY workshop at AVI 2024, Genoa, Italy. 3rd June 2024
https://alandix.com/academic/papers/synergy2024-epistemic/
As machine learning integrates deeper into human-computer interactions, the concept of epistemic interaction emerges, aiming to refine these interactions to enhance system adaptability. This approach encourages minor, intentional adjustments in user behaviour to enrich the data available for system learning. This paper introduces epistemic interaction within the context of human-system communication, illustrating how deliberate interaction design can improve system understanding and adaptation. Through concrete examples, we demonstrate the potential of epistemic interaction to significantly advance human-computer interaction by leveraging intuitive human communication strategies to inform system design and functionality, offering a novel pathway for enriching user-system engagements.
Dev Dives: Train smarter, not harder – active learning and UiPath LLMs for do...UiPathCommunity
💥 Speed, accuracy, and scaling – discover the superpowers of GenAI in action with UiPath Document Understanding and Communications Mining™:
See how to accelerate model training and optimize model performance with active learning
Learn about the latest enhancements to out-of-the-box document processing – with little to no training required
Get an exclusive demo of the new family of UiPath LLMs – GenAI models specialized for processing different types of documents and messages
This is a hands-on session specifically designed for automation developers and AI enthusiasts seeking to enhance their knowledge in leveraging the latest intelligent document processing capabilities offered by UiPath.
Speakers:
👨🏫 Andras Palfi, Senior Product Manager, UiPath
👩🏫 Lenka Dulovicova, Product Program Manager, UiPath
Essentials of Automations: Optimizing FME Workflows with ParametersSafe Software
Are you looking to streamline your workflows and boost your projects’ efficiency? Do you find yourself searching for ways to add flexibility and control over your FME workflows? If so, you’re in the right place.
Join us for an insightful dive into the world of FME parameters, a critical element in optimizing workflow efficiency. This webinar marks the beginning of our three-part “Essentials of Automation” series. This first webinar is designed to equip you with the knowledge and skills to utilize parameters effectively: enhancing the flexibility, maintainability, and user control of your FME projects.
Here’s what you’ll gain:
- Essentials of FME Parameters: Understand the pivotal role of parameters, including Reader/Writer, Transformer, User, and FME Flow categories. Discover how they are the key to unlocking automation and optimization within your workflows.
- Practical Applications in FME Form: Delve into key user parameter types including choice, connections, and file URLs. Allow users to control how a workflow runs, making your workflows more reusable. Learn to import values and deliver the best user experience for your workflows while enhancing accuracy.
- Optimization Strategies in FME Flow: Explore the creation and strategic deployment of parameters in FME Flow, including the use of deployment and geometry parameters, to maximize workflow efficiency.
- Pro Tips for Success: Gain insights on parameterizing connections and leveraging new features like Conditional Visibility for clarity and simplicity.
We’ll wrap up with a glimpse into future webinars, followed by a Q&A session to address your specific questions surrounding this topic.
Don’t miss this opportunity to elevate your FME expertise and drive your projects to new heights of efficiency.
"Impact of front-end architecture on development cost", Viktor TurskyiFwdays
I have heard many times that architecture is not important for the front-end. Also, many times I have seen how developers implement features on the front-end just following the standard rules for a framework and think that this is enough to successfully launch the project, and then the project fails. How to prevent this and what approach to choose? I have launched dozens of complex projects and during the talk we will analyze which approaches have worked for me and which have not.
From Daily Decisions to Bottom Line: Connecting Product Work to Revenue by VP...
NewDev.Part-I.pdf
1. See discussions, stats, and author profiles for this publication at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/322291710
New Developments in Textile Warping: Part I - Review Literature.
Article · January 2017
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L. D. College of Engineering
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3. 36 Ashwin Thakkar & Someshwar Bhattacharya
Impact Factor (JCC): 4.9864 NAAS Rating: 2.94
wound at a time will be decided by the creel used.
There are two most popular methods of carrying out the warping process as below: (Lord et.al, 1982, Gandhi,
2012, Dorgham, 2013).
• Direct warping
• Sectional warping
Direct Warping
Direct warping is used mainly for producing beams containing mono colored warp threads. The machine
comprises of two main elements namely, the creel and the headstock. The process involves use of a creel, where the given
numbers of warp bobbins are mounted and from each bobbin, the warp thread is taken forward up to head stock and then, it
is wound on a beam named warper’s beam. Due to limitations of accommodating a very large creel, the number of bobbins
which can be taken will be limited to 1000 – 1200 only (Adanur, 2001). This number is smaller than the requirement of
several thousands of warp threads in the final woven fabric. So, there is one more process after direct warping for
agglomerating few of the warper’s beams to get the final beam suitable for use on the loom. This final beam is named
weaver’s beam. The process can be carried out through sizing operation, where, a coating of size film is applied on the
final warp sheet. Alternatively, the beams can be combined by a simple re-beaming process if the sizing is not required to
be done.
The process of direct warping is simple, but has limitation that only single colored warp can be used. Also, the
length of yarn to be wound per beam should be sufficiently large, as the machine is running at speeds of more than 600
mpm. So, direct warping is not a preferred choice for small length production. Warper’s beams have the full width required
finally, but the number of threads is only few hundred as mentioned earlier. So, length of yarn wound on warper’s beam
can be very large. As many beams are to be combined at a later stage, it is very difficult to process warp yarns having
patterns. Matching of the patterns will become highly complicated issue and in complex patterns will be impossible. On the
other hand, the production of the system is very high so suitable and preferred for producing simple varieties at mass scale.
Sectional Warping
There are three main parts of this system: the creel, head stock and the beaming system. The creel is more or less
same as that used in direct warping. Yarn is taken from creel and is brought up to the head stock in the form of a small
width section. As the winding of the yarn takes place section by section (Majumdar, 2014), there is need to support the
yarn sheet particularly when the flanges are not there. The head stock consists mainly of a one side conical shaped large
drum. The angle of the cone can be fixed or variable depending on the manufacturer. Today most of the machines are sold
with fixed cone angle. The yarn is mounted on the flat part of the conical drum. The width occupied by the yarn on drum
will be exactly the width the same yarn will occupy on weaver’s beam. As the drum starts rotating, the section of the yarn
is wound on the drum and at the same time, there is provision to traverse section of the yarn in such a way that shifting of
the section occurs towards the raised conical part of the drum. After completion of winding of the required length, the yarn
section is cut and the whole section is brought back to a point where, second section will start. In similar way, the winding
of all the sections, as per requirement, will be carried out. So, in the end the entire yarn length is now stored on the drum.
Now, transferring the yarn stored on the drum to beam is carried out through a separate beaming device - an integral part of
4. New Developments in Textile Warping: Part I- Review of Literature 37
www.tjprc.org editor@tjprc.org
the machine. So, process occurs as a two-step process.
In this system, all the ends required finally will be wound on the beam, so there is no need to agglomerate separate
beams like direct warping. As all ends are to be accommodated on the drum, it is possible to use the system for warp
having multi colored patterns. Again, as all ends have been transferred on the drum and later on, on the beam, there is
possibility of using the beam directly on the loom if sizing is not required to be done. Also, the process will be highly
preferred if small length of warp is to be processed.
On the other hand, the system has few problems like only small length of yarn can be accommodated on the drum.
So the final beam may not have very large length of warp or many weavers’ beams cannot be produced like direct warping.
This system may not be suitable for mass production of simple varieties. This particular fact sometimes works in the
benefit of weavers if the lot size is small. Cost of the machine is also comparatively very high and is justified, only if there
is sufficient requirement of suitable varieties. Lastly, the machine is more complex in nature and fine-tuned calculations are
required to be done to get the required characteristics of weaver’s beam.
Both the systems of warping have been used over the decades. Manufacturers find their own solution in selecting
either or both systems of warping. As written in previous section, it is evident that one is required to select the warping
system based on the final fabric to be produced and that there is no single system which provides solution for all kinds of
fabric production. There have been many attempts in earlier time, wherein, researchers have tried to find the solution to the
problem but none have gained commercial success.
LITERATURE REVIEW
As mentioned earlier not much work has been reported in the books or journals regarding the attempts made at
unifying two systems of warping. Most of the work is reported in to patents.
In 1935, a patent was registered by Loncteaux H.J, Norton J.F and Griffis L.W. from USA. (Loncteaux, et.al.,
1935) The patent is mainly an early version of sectional warping with claims of increased speed, better control over threads
and improved braking mechanism. Also claimed was, the dividing plates with a small number of threads in a particular
section. Possibility of adjusting the width between plates was affected by means of mechanical adjustments.
An important patent was filed in 1961, by Harris from Great Britain (Harris, 1960). The invention is about the
modified design of the flanges and means of fixing flange onto barrel. The basic idea is to avoid the damage that occurs to
yarns when flanges run on threads made on to the barrel surface. Due to this sometimes scratches, cuts etc. happen on
barrel surface and cause damage to some of the delicate yarns. Also the lock nuts or mechanism used to fix flanges on
barrel cause damage. Both the problems have been taken care of by means of providing new design which has teeth made
on inside of flanges and barrel.
Another important US patent was registered by Erwin P. for Sulzer Brothers limited in 1978 (Erwin, 1978). As
per Erwin, the multi-component warp beam is made of at least two telescoping parts with a clamping means pressing the
parts together radially from within the area of overlap. As shown in Fig 1, the clamping provided includes a wedge shaped
plate pressed by means of a partially threaded spindle. This concept of beam is an extension of another patent filed by
Scholze G. et.al. (Scholze, 1974) in 1974.
5. 38 Ashwin Thakkar & Someshwar Bhattacharya
Impact Factor (JCC): 4.9864 NAAS Rating: 2.94
Figure 1: Multi-Component Warp Beam (Erwin, 1978)
Later on in 2003, a US patent was registered by Colson W.B. et.al, regarding a totally new concept of organizing
the creel to be used for warping. As shown in fig. 2, the creel is arranged in a shape of circle. As per the discussion in the
patent, this helps in maintaining an equal distance to be travelled by all threads while reaching the head stock and so, the
force required to pull the yarn will be same for all threads(Colson, et.al., 2003). A turn table that supports two or more
beams is provided to facilitate the rapid switching of beams once one beam is full.
Figure 2: Beam Winding Apparatus (Colson, 2003)
The invention by Agnihotri is about a design of an apparatus for warping high twist fine count yarn on a direct
warper over a narrow width and then dyeing the same on a slasher dyeing machine (Agnihotri, 2008). Use of narrow width
beam permits better control over thread, especially when higher tensions are to be applied. The pressure roller is also
adjusted accordingly.
CONCLUSIONS
Many similar attempts have been carried out to make minor or major modifications in the current systems of
direct and sectional warping machines. Most of the attempts were aimed at increasing productivity, providing ease of
operation to workers, reducing the time required for creeling, providing novel means of inserting lease etc. Not many
attempts have been made to provide a single system for the varieties of yarn i.e. mono colored and patterned. The work,
which will be presented here, provides an attempt to unify both the systems in such a way that, only one system will be
used to warp any type of yarn.
6. New Developments in Textile Warping: Part I- Review of Literature 39
www.tjprc.org editor@tjprc.org
REFERENCES
1. CPC-Cooperative Patent Classification, D02H – Warping, Beaming or Leasing, (n.d.). Available at:
http://www.cooperativepatentclassification.org/cpc/definition/D/definition-D02H.pdf. accessed on 18.08.2015
2. Lord, P.R. & Mohamed, M.H.(1982). Weaving: Conversion of Yarn to Fabric. Durham, England: Merrow Publishing Co.
Ltd.
3. Gandhi, K. L. (2012). Woven textiles Principles, developments and applications. Cambridge: Woodhead Publishing Limited in
association with The Textile Institute.
4. Dorgham, M.E. (2013). Warping Parameters Influence on Warp Yarns Properties: Part 1: Warping Speed and Warp Yarn
Tension. Journal of Textile Science and Engineering, 3(2).
5. Adanur, S. (2001). Handbook of Weaving. Boca Raton, USA: Taylor & Francis (CRC Press).
6. Dr.Majumdar, A. (2014). Fabric Manufacture I. (MHRD, GOI) Available at: http://nptel.ac.in/courses/116102005/ Accessed
on 31.08.2015
7. Loncteaux, H. J., Norton, J.F. & Griffis L.W. (1935). USPatent No. 2017008.
8. Harris, S.A. (1960). GB Patent 838364.
9. Erwin, P. (1978). US Patent No. 4083513.
10. Scholze, G. (1974). German Patent DE19702046995.
11. Colson, W.B., Fogarty, D.M., & Hartman, D.P. (2003). US Patent No. 20030233744.
12. Agnihotri, K. (2008). Patent No. WO2008044241.