This document discusses several factors related to airport and stadium design and regulation: - Airport design requires critical planning parameters like forecasting future operations and benchmarking aircraft, passenger, and flight trends. Regulations are set by groups like the Airports Authority of India and Directorate General of Civil Aviation. - Stadiums like cricket grounds are regulated by organizations like the Sports Authority of India and follow standards from international groups like the International Cricket Council. Football stadiums adhere to guidelines from FIFA and UEFA. - Other concepts covered include transit-oriented development, bus rapid transit standards, railway platform types, environmental impact assessments, and coastal regulation zone management.

1. Large span structures
Bye laws – 28 th oct 2021

10. AIRPORT DESIGN

11. AIRPORT DESIGN

12. FACTORS FOR DESIGNING AN AIRPORT

13. CRITICAL AIRPORT PLANNING PARAMETERS
 Forecast of Future Operations
 This may comprise analysis of:
 Historical aircraft and passenger movement data
 Aircraft types currently using the airport
 Origin and destination of aircraft currently using the airport
 Global, national and regional aviation trends
 Airline trends
 Economic, social, tourism and population information.

14. CRITICAL AIRPORT PLANNING PARAMETERS
 Forecasting and benchmarking can help provide an estimate of essential planning information,
particularly the likely aircraft and passenger movement activity to be accommodated over time.
 More specifically, it can help determine such things as the likely future:
 Numbers of aircraft and passengers movements
 Aircraft types
 Mix of operations (eg. airline, GA, charter, training)
 Fleet mix (eg. fixed/rotary wing, single/twin engine, jet/turbo-prop)
 Timing of peak operations
 Seasonality of operations Origin and destination of aircraft/passengers
 Approach procedures (non-instrument, non-precision, precision)
 Security requirements.

15. Airports Authority of india
 Airports Authority Act (the “AAI Act”) was enacted by the Central Government in 1994, which stated
that all government airports are to be developed, financed, operated and maintained by Airport
Authority of India (“AAI”).
 the AAI Act enables AAI to grant a concession to a private entity for financing, development, operation
and maintenance of an airport being managed by AAI.
 Airports other than those managed by AAI are governed by the provisions of the Aircraft Act and the
Rules made there under.
 An entity other than AAI (hereinafter referred to as an “Airport Company”) can set up an airport.
 The Airport Company must function under a license from Directorate General of Civil Aviation (DGCA)
to be issued under the Aircraft Act. Such a license can be granted only to the following (Rule 79 of the
Aircraft Rules):
 Thus an airport can be developed and operated either by AAI or by an Airport Company that has been
given a license by DGCA as per its license conditions under air craft act (rule79 as per aircraft rules)
 The Rules also allow the Central Government or a State Government to obtain a license

16. Regulation of Airports
 4. (i) Safety Regulation
 4.1 The process to regulate the technical and safety standards of all airports are vested in DGCA under
the provisions of the Aircraft Act. AAI airport as well as those owned by Airport Companies must,
therefore, conform to the technical and safety standards laid down by DGCA under the Aircraft Act.
 (ii) Economic Regulation
 4.2 Economic Regulation of all airports would be governed by the proposed Airport Economic
Regulatory Authority (AERA) as and when enacted.

17. Development and Financing of Greenfield
Airports
 GREEN FIELD AIRPORT DEFINITION
 Greenfield airports to be set up by AAI would be preferably constructed through Public Private
Partnership (PPP) and such airports would be financed substantially through PPP concessions.
 However, land for such airports would have to be provided by AAI. Further, financing gaps, if any, can
be bridged through the Viability Gap Funding scheme, which provides for a capital grant of upto 20%
of the project cost.
 The concessions for development of greenfield airports would be awarded through open competitive
bidding based on model bidding documents.
 In the north eastern areas where it may not be feasible to follow the PPP route, AAI could set up
greenfield airports by itself, as may be approved by the Government on a case to case basis.

18. Steps to be followed for obtaining approval for setting up of
Greenfield Airport

19. various steps that the private operator has to follow to secure a
licence from DGCA has been presented through the following
diagram

20. CRICKET STADIUMS

21. Sports Authority of India
 The Sports Authority of India (SAI), a successor organization of the IXth Asian Games
held in New Delhi in 1982, was set up as a Society registered of Societies Act, 1860
dated 25th January 1984 of the Department of Sports, Govt. of India with the objective
of promotion of Sports and Games as detailed in the Resolution.
 It is also entrusted with the responsibility of maintaining and utilizing, on the behalf of
Ministry of Youth Affairs & Sports, the following Stadia in Delhi which were
constructed/renovated for the IX Asian Games held in New Delhi in 1982 :-
 Jawaharlal Nehru Sports Complex
 Indira Gandhi Sports Complex
 Major Dhyan Chand National Stadium
 Dr. Shyam Prasad Mookherjee Swimming Pool Complex
 Dr. Karni Singh Shooting Ranges

22. Aims and Objectives
 Talent Scouting at micro level & Nurturing talent towards excellence
 Training & International Exposure
 Support Training with Scientific & Sports Equipment and scientific personnel
 Monitor and enhance Performance with a scientific evaluation system
 Training and preparation of National teams
 Sports Infrastructure Development & Maintenance
 Maintenance and up gradation of 4 stadia complexes and a shooting range in Delhi
 To produce coaches and physical educationists of high caliber in different
disciplines of sports to broad base sports .

24. ORIENTATION

30. GOVERNING STANDARDS CRICKET &
FOOTBALL STADIUMS

31. FOOTBALL STADIUMS

32. FIFA
 The Fédération Internationale de Football Association[a] (FIFA; French for
International Federation of Association Football, Spanish: Federación
Internacional de Fútbol Asociación, German: Internationaler Verband des
Association Football) is a non-profit organization which describes itself as an
international governing body of association football, fútsal, beach soccer, and
efootball. It is the highest governing body of football.
 FIFA was founded in 1904 to oversee international competition among the national
associations of Belgium, Denmark, France, Germany, the Netherlands, Spain,
Sweden, and Switzerland. Headquartered in Zürich, its membership now comprises
211 national associations. Member countries must each also be members of one of
the six regional confederations into which the world is divided: Africa, Asia,
Europe, North & Central America and the Caribbean, Oceania, and South America.

37. The Union of European Football Associations
UEFA
 It is the administrative body for football, futsal and beach soccer in Europe.
... UEFA consists of 55 national association members.
 The difference between FIFA - that one is responsible for governing football/soccer
worldwide
 and UEFA is responsible for the governance of football/soccer within Europe. ...
 UEFA is one of 6 continental confederations that makes up FIFA.

38. ITDP - Institute for Transportation and Development Policy
 Founded in 1985, the Institute for Transportation and Development Policy (ITDP) has become a leading organization
in the promotion of environmentally sustainable and equitable transportation policies and projects worldwide.
The Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change (MoEFCC) is the nodal agency in the
administrative structure of the Central Government for the planning, promotion, co-ordination and
overseeing the implementation of India's environmental and forestry policies and programmes.

39. TOD MEANS - INTRODUCTION
 Compact, mixed-use development within ten-minute walk of high quality transit (train stations or bus stops with
frequent service).
 Transit-oriented development provides convenient and affordable accessibility to the greatest number of people
for the lowest total costs.
 This helps create a truly efficient and equitable community.
 TOD, or transit-oriented development, means integrated urban places designed to bring people, activities,
buildings, and public space together, with easy walking and cycling connection between them and near-excellent
transit service to the rest of the city.
 It means inclusive access for all to local and citywide opportunities and resources by the most efficient and
healthful combination of mobility modes, at the lowest financial and environmental cost, and with the highest
resilience to disruptive events.
 Inclusive TOD is a necessary foundation for long-term sustainability, equity, shared prosperity, and civil peace in
cities.

40. WHAT IS THE TOD STANDARD
 The TOD Standard is, first, a condensed policy brief. It lays out the core principles of inclusive TOD, based on
ITDP’s ( Institute for Transportation and Development Policy)
 Principles of Urban Development for Transport in Urban Life,[2] and identifies the key concrete objectives that
are essential to implementing these principles in urban development.
 Second, the TOD Standard is a unique assessment tool available to score the plans and products of urban
development according to their adherence to the TOD principles and implementation objectives.

41. TOD EXAMPLES
 Ahmedabad: An incremental and progressive approach to bus based TOD
 Delhi: Transportation and regional transformation
Station Level TOD:
 Station Accessibility plans and Development Control regulations Indiranagar,
Bangalore;
Area Level TOD:
 Safe Access interventions and better connectivity to transit, MIDC Marole,
Mumbai;
City Level TOD:
 Parking Norms in India’s most transit rich city, Mumbai;

42. BRT
 Introduction
 Bus rapid transit (BRT) is a bus-based rapid transit system that can achieve high capacity, speed, and
service quality at relatively low cost by combining segregated bus lanes thatare typically median aligned
with off-board fare collection, level boarding, bus priority atintersections, and other quality-of-service
elements (such as information technology and
strong branding).

43. BRT Standard
 The BRT Standard is an evaluation tool for BRT corridors based on international best
practices. It is also the centerpiece of a global effort by leaders in bus rapid transit
design to establish a common definition of BRT and to ensure that BRT corridors
more uniformly deliver world-class passenger experiences, significant economic
benefits, and positive environmental impacts.
 The Standard functions as a planning tool, a scoring system, and a means of
achieving a common definition of BRT. By defining the essential elements of BRT, it
provides a framework for system designers, decision makers, and the sustainable-
transport community to identify and implement high-quality BRT corridors.
 The BRT Standard celebrates cities that are leading the way in BRT excellence and
offers best practice-based guidance to those planning a system.

44. PLATFORM GEOMETRY AND SERVICES
Generically, all platforms can be classified as
 center-loaded (center platform, sometimes
referred to as an “island” platform) or
 side-loaded (side platform) relative to the train.
Other platform types are variations or combinations of center and side platforms.

46. Advantages of centre platform

48. Advantages of side platform

52. EIA
 Environment Impact Assessment or EIA can be defined as the study to predict the effect of a
proposed activity/project on the environment.
 A decision making tool, EIA compares various alternatives for a project and seeks to identify the
one which represents the best combination of economic and environmental costs and benefits.
 By considering the environmental effects of the project and their mitigation early in the project
planning cycle, environmental assessment has many benefits, such as protection of environment,
optimum utilisation of resources and saving of time and cost of the project
Steps in EIA process
 EIA represents a systematic process that examines the environmental consequences of the
development actions, in advance.
 The emphasis of a EIA is on prevention and, therefore, is more proactive than reactive in nature.
 The EIA process involves a number of steps, some of which are listed below:

54. ECBC -Energy conservation Building code
 The purpose of the Energy Conservation Building Code (Code) is to
provide minimum requirements for the energy-efficient design and
construction of buildings.
 The Code also provides two additional sets of incremental
requirements for buildings to achieve enhanced levels of energy
efficiency that go beyond the minimum requirements

56. CRZ regulations - Coastal Regulation Zone
Purpose of CRZ
 Coastal Regulation Zone is applicable for the entire Indian Coast including the
Andaman & Nicobar Islands and the Lakshadweep Islands. It broadly covers the coastal
stretches of seas, bays, estuaries, creeks, rivers and backwaters influenced by tidal
action upto the defined distance into the land from High Tide Line (HTL).
 The CRZ Notification was introduced with the following three main purposes:
 i) In order to arrive at a balance between development needs and protection of natural
resources,
 ii) To prohibit and/or regulate the activities which are harmful for both coastal
communities and environment,
 iii) To plan for a sustainable management, so that the livelihoods of millions of people
are protected, and the coastal environment is preserved for the future generation

57. Integrated Island Management Plan (IIMP)
The Islands of Andaman & Nicobar and Lakshadweep other than the eight
Islands
(Greater Nicobar,
Middle Andaman,
North Andaman,
South Andaman,
Baratang,
Havelock,
Little Andaman,
Car Nicobar Islands – refer section 1.4) shall be managed
based on the IIMPs.
IIMP for 10 islands namely Agatti, Amini, Androth, Bitra, Chetlat,
Kadmat, Kalpeni, Kavaratti, Kiltan and Minicoy of Lakshadweep are
approved and
7 islands in A&N are Smith, Flat bay, Aves, Rut land, Havelock, Neil and
Long island are
waited for approval.

58. Island Coastal Regulation Zone (ICRZ)
The Islands of Greater Nicobar, Middle Andaman, North Andaman, South Andaman, Baratang, Havelock, Lit
Andaman, Car Nicobar Islands shall be managed based on ICRZ 2019.
Major difference between ICRZ and CRZ Notification
Group – I: Islands with geographical areas >1000 km2 such as South Andaman,
Middle Andaman, North Andaman and Great Nicobar.
Group – II: Islands with geographical areas >100 km2 but < 1000 km2 such as
Baratang, Little Andaman, Havelock and Car Nicobar
CRZ III:
• Group-I Islands: The area up to 100 m from the HTL on the landward side shall be earmarked as the
No Development Zone (NDZ). Provided that the NDZ for development of eco-tourism activities shall be
50 m.
• Group-II Islands: The area up to 50 m from the HTL on the landward side shall
be earmarked as the NDZ. Provided that the NDZ for development of ecotourism activities shall be 20
m.
Land area up to 20 m from the HTL, or width of the creek whichever is less, along the tidal influenced
water bodies in the CRZ III, shall also be earmarked
as the NDZ.

65. What is CZMP? - Coastal Zone Management Plan
The Coastal Zone Management Plan (CZMP) is a document that has different regulation
zones classified and demarcated. SCZMAs use it to arrive at decisions on project
proposals, to identify violations and regulate activities in the CRZ.