- The document provides statistics and analysis on child labor in Odisha, India from various surveys conducted between 1997-2012. It finds that the number of male child laborers consistently exceeds the number of females. The largest numbers are engaged in hazardous occupations like agriculture, bidi rolling, and food stalls. - National and state-level programs aim to rehabilitate child laborers through special schools that provide education and vocational training. Over 100,000 children have been removed from labor and reintegrated into formal schooling through these efforts. - While the number of child laborers is decreasing overall, continued efforts are needed to address the root causes of poverty, lack of access to education, social attitudes, and weak law

2. PRESENTATION ON

3. SYNOPSIS
• Institutions visited
• Introduction
• causes
• circumstances child labour face
• Tabular Statistics
• Analysis & surveys
• NCLP
• Laws governing child labour
• Questionnaire
• Case study
• Conclusion
• Recommendation

4. Institutions visited
• Labour Commissioner office
• State labour Institute
• District labour office
• Ruchika social service organisation
• Basundhara Social service Organisation
• People’s Cultural Centre (PECUC)

5. WHAT IS CHILD LABOUR ?
• “Child labour refers to the circumstances
whereby a child within the age of compulsory
education is engaged in paid or unpaid
activities, within or outside the family, in formal
or informal contexts, in legal or illegal activities,
and where his or her right to education and the
opportunity to reach full physical and
psychological development is denied.”
• UNICEF

6. Causes of child labour
• Poverty
• Parental illiteracy
• Tradition of making children learn the family skills
• Absence of universal compulsory Primary education
• Social apathy and tolerance of child labour
• Ignorance of the parents about the
adverse consequences of Child labour
• Ineffective enforcement of the legal
provisions pertaining to child labour
• Non-availability of and non-accessibility to schools

7. Circumstances the child labours face
• Full-time work at a very early age
• Dangerous workplaces
• Excessive working hours
• Subjection to psychological, verbal, physical and
sexual abuse
• Obliged to work by circumstances or individuals
• Limited or no pay
• Work and life on the streets in bad conditions
• Inability to escape from the poverty cycle —no
access to education

8. . Under the Child Labour (Prohibition & Regulation)
Act-1986 , employment of child labour is prohibited in
18 occupations and in 65 processes. On 10th of October
2006 two more occupations were added to this
schedule i.e. employment in domestic works and
employment in hotel, dhaba, tea stall, and restaurant.

9. As per the survey undertaken by State Labour
institute during the year 2004-07, currently around
1.38 lakhs children suffer from the economic
exploitation as child labour. However the figure has
risen to 6 lakhs in the year 2010. The survey
identified that these children are engaged both in
hazardous & non-hazardous sector & concentration is
more in the urban areas. These children are engaged
in 15 occupations & 57 processes too. The
occupations such as bidi rolling, agriculture fields,
eateries, food joints such as (dhabas) take a host of
such child labour enrolment. Non official estimate
puts the figure more than 20 lakhs.

10. census - 2011
• Despite the prohibition on employment of child labour,
the situation in Odisha is very pathetic as it is rampant
in the state. As per the census-2011, the general
literacy in Odisha remains as 73.5% where the rate of
Male literacy is at 82.4% and that of Female is 64.4%.
Children below 18 years of age constitute 38.8% of the
total population in Odisha. However, it is estimated
that there are 9.6-lakh-child labour in Odisha. The
children who have dropped from the schools are
functional illiterates and they inevitably join the labour
force, as a result there has been cumulative growth in
child labour. 2.72% of the total work force constitutes
the child work force in the state.

11. As a child out of school is a potential child labour the rate of
drop out is the most important indicator of child labour in
Odisha. Out of every 100 enrolled children, 32 drop out
before completing primary education. The rate of dropout in
Primary Level among Scheduled Tribe children stands at 52
percent. Out of every 68 children complete primary
education, 33 are dropped before the completion of upper
primary schooling. 55% children of Scheduled Caste and
69.5% children of Scheduled Tribes have dropped out of
school.

12. Estimated number of male and female
child labours
.
Sex-wise Estimated Number of Child Labour in Odisha in1996:
Male: 1718710
Female: 136290
It is interesting to note that Punjab has the highest male: female child labour ratio in India and it is as high as 58:1; this
is followed by Orissa (13:1) and Tripura (5:1).
Source: National Institute of Public Cooperation and Child Development.

13. Statistics of Population in Age Group 0-6years:
DESCRIPTION RURAL URBAN
Population (%) 83.32 % 16.68 %
Total Population 34,951,234 6, 996,124
male population 17,584,859 3,616,819
Female population 17,366,375 3,379,305
Population growth 11.71 % 26.80 %
Sex ratio 988 934
Child Sex Ratio (0-
6)
939 909
child population
(0-6)
4,335,012 700,638
child percentage
(0-6)
12.40 % 10.01 %
sex ratio 978 972
child sex Ratio 934 979

14. Tabular Statistics of child population in
Age Group (0-6)
As per the census 2011the total number of male children is 5202074 and the total number of
female children is 4869226 in 30 districts of odisha.

15. Analysis Of 30 Districts Of Orissa
2009-10

16. Tabular Statistics of the Child Labour
Analysis During 1997 :
The above given is the tabular presentation of the child labour involved in work sites as surveyed by SLI in the year 1997
which counts number of children in hazardous task 13083 and the number of children in non hazardous task 161628 , the
total counts to 174711 in 30 districts in Orissa .

17. Survey In Orissa 1997
The total numberof children involved in hazardous work is 23663 & in non-hazardous work is
190365 . Total male children involved were 120331 and female were 93696 .

18. Tabular statistics of child labour
analysis during 2004 - 07
As per the above study the total number of male child invovled in hazardous sector counts to 28383 in mentioned 18
districts & the number of female child involved in hazardous sectorwere about 23929,total number of child labour in
hazardous sector were 52312 in the year 2004 – 07 in the 18 districts as surveyed .

19. • As per the above study the total number of
male child invovled in hazardous sector counts
to 28383 in mentioned 18 districts & the
number of female child involved in hazardous
sector were about 23929,total number of child
labour in hazardous sector were 52312 in the
year 2004 – 07 in the 18 districts as surveyed .
• Number of male children involved in the non-
hazardous work are 180168 and the number
of female is 167919. Total number of children
involved in non-hazardous work are 348087in
the year 2004-07 .

20. NCLP – National child labour project
• The main objective of the Society is to identify child labour engaged in hazardous
sector in the district , to bring them into the fold of education by setting up Special
Schools as per norms of the Government of India and sensitize the general public for
elimination of child labour in the society. The Project Society is being funded by
Ministry of Labour ,Government of India since inception. The Government of India
had sanctioned 40 Special Schools with student strength of 2000 @ 50 in each which
were meant for child labours engaged in hazardous occupations in the district. As per
the guideline of Government of India each school is to be run for a period of 3 years
cycle and all the child labours enrolled in the said special school will be mainstreamed
in to formal schools having completed 5th standard of primary education.

21. • 24 NCLPs are operating in 24 districts of Orissa with the ultimate object of keeping
away child labour from hazardous occupations through providing non-formal
education and vocational training and mainstream them in formal education
system. During the year 2010-11, 44,306 child labourers were admitted into 813
nos. special schools geared under NCLPs. They are provided with text books, study
material, vocational materials, mid-day meal and stipend of Rs.100/- per month
per child. By now 1, 13,827 children have been main stream for formal education
system.
• By the end of October 2010, 44,508 child laborers were admitted into 944 special
schools under the National Child Labour Project (NCLP). This project has
mainstreamed 109,391 children after completion of their education in NCLP
schools. By the end of 2009-10, bonded laborers numbering 50,792, (of which 41
percent belonged to the undivided KBK districts) and 13,904 SC and 20,424 ST,
were identified in the State. Of these, 49,013 were released, and 47,056 including
13,121 SC and 18,369 ST, were rehabilitated in various economic activities. Rs.
18.26 Crore was spent for these activities.

22. Tabular statistics of child labour Analysis
in 12 non NCLP Districts During 2006
As per the given data total number of male child involved in the hazardous child labour
counts to 52714 and the number of female child involved were about 33,348 , the total
number of child labour in hazardous sector were 52312 in the year 2006 in the districts
surveyed .

23. Tabular statistics of child labour analysis in 19 NCLP
Districts during 2011- 12
The above is the analysis of the summary of age wise children involved in the hazardous and non hazardous
occupations. The total number of children aged 6-8 years involved in the child labour are 30571 and the total number
children aged 9-14 years involved in child labour are 139424
The total number of female child involved in child labour are 74573 and total number of male child involved in child
labour are 74573 .

24. Tabular Statistics of drop out and Non
attending school children in 19 NCLP
Districts during 2011-12
Above is the analysis of children non attending school and drop out childrens in 19 NCLP
Districts of Odisha. The total number of children not attending schools are 65267 and total
number of drop out children are 104728 .

25. Tabular Statistics of the National Child
Labour Projects As on 31st August
2012

26. .
States Male Female All % Share Of Child
Labour
Orissa 90912 43651 134563 2.70
All 3057998 1925873 49,83,871 100.00
Child labour of aged 5-14 in the country has shown decline according to NSSO report 2009-
2010 at 1.26 Crore as against which estimated 498,400 in the country as against 2001 census.
As per NSSO 66th on Child Labour in Odisha compared to India, 2009-10 (Age group 5-14)
,Odisha covers about 2.70% share of child labour with 90912 male children and 43651
female children.

27. Laws Governing Child Labour
• The child labour (Prohibition and Regulation) Act,
1986 .
• The Factories Act , 1948 .
• The Mines Act , 1952 .
• The Juvenile Justice (Care and Protection) of Children
Act, 2000
• The Minimum Wages Act, 1948
• The Right of Children to Free and Compulsory
Education Act, 2009
• Orissa Child Labour (Prohibition and Regulation)
Rules, 1994

28. QUESTIONNAIRE
Number of children rescued ?
 Basically Which age children’s are being rescued?
Whether they are going to school or not ?
Number of children discontinuing education ?
Reasons for Discontinuing ?
Present Occupation of children(are they engaged
or not ) ?
Driving force behind sending children to school ?
Is there an increment or decrement in Child
labour cases ?

29. QUESTIONNAIRE RESULTS
I Visited Government Offices and Ngo’s i.e. state
labour institute , labour commissioner office ,
district labour office and Ngo’s i.e. National
centre for child rights : people’s cultural centre
(Pecuc) , Ruchika social service organisation,
Basundhara social service organisation .

30. • As replied by Jasmine sahoo , Asst. Labour officer
of district labour office , bbsr .
In last 2 years they conducted 14 raids in which
116 children’s were rescued which also involved
few rag pickers as well as beggars . And most of
them are between age 6 – 14 , they are going to
school under the NCLP Scheme khordha and the
reason for discontinuing education they gave was
due to poverty and lack of awarness and the
main driving force behind sending children to
school are Ngo’s, Police, Awarness of parents.

31. • As answered by Ranjan Kumar Mohanty, C.E.O of PECUC .
Child labour is both the cause as well as effect of illiteracy , ignorance, poor
economic condition , lack of education and awareness .
As he said PECUC with the help of other government offices and Ngo’s
 32069 number of child labourers were identified , rescued and
rehabilitated .
 14 villages of swampatana block of keonjhar district was declared as child
labour free.
 A large number of children who were rescued and mainstreamed in school
passed out 10th Examination successfully are continuing higher studies.
 550 children of 15-18 age group rescued from labour provided with skil
development trainings .
 350 working children rehabilated through National child labour project in
Keonjhar & khordha district .

32. Case Study
• Facts
Girl named suru Badra of age 13 yrs who belongs to a very poor family ,
parents of the child being daily labourers .she has 4 sisters and 1 brother.
She was a drop out from 5th class due to her poor family conditions and
belongs to a Tribal (Munda) community. Due to poor economic condition ,
parents had sent the child to the landlords house to work for domestic
help. She was engaged there for domestic help with a remuneration of
500 per month. As per the girls statement she was not abused by the
owner or anyone else. Basundhara child line with the help of district
labour officer and member of CWC ,and local police station conducted the
raid and she was rescued and brought to child line for care and protection
and produced was produced before CWC, Cuttack and she was placed in
the open shelter.
The child was compensated by the owner with Rs.20,000 by the house owner
on the direction of CWC. And the child was restored by mother by the
order.

33. CONCLUSION
• The main aim of this analysis was to understand the views towards child labour by people in
general. It helps to illustrate the fact that there are people who realize the gravity of the
situation but the majority does not understand the seriousness of child labour and its effects.
It also shows that poverty is not necessarily the only cause for child labour, although it plays a
pivotal role. And reducing poverty isn't necessarily the first step that must be taken to fight
child labour. Awareness on the subject is something that is lacking and it is something that
can be created by anyone and in many different ways-through a website such as this for
example.This analysis also brings out the importance of the contribution from governments,
NGOs, Business organizations and the media towards eliminating child labour. They all have
an equal part to play and only if all these parties play their role will child labour be eliminated
from the society.
Steps have been taken to eliminate child labour but their implementation has been poor. Those
who realize the gravity of child labour need to educate others on it and only if the society as
a whole starts contributing will be able to solve the problem of child labour.At present, in
spite of policy of the government regarding removal of child labour. The various steps taken
in this direction and the laws passed about it haven’t controlled the ongoing child labour. This
is possible only with the co-operation of all sections of the society and the law enforcement
agencies and by removing or minimizing the causes of child labour. The main thrust should be
on controlling the population of the country, education of the children and providing
sufficient funds for its removal from the gross domestic product of India.

34. MEASURES TO COMBAT CHILD
LABOUR
• It is heartening to note the fact that the number of child
labourer in Odisha has been reducing over the years.
According to decennial census operations, the number of
working children in Orissa was 7,02,293 in 1981, which
declined to 4,52,394 in 1991.This further declined to
3,77,594 in 2001. As per the 55th round of National Sample
Survey Organization (NSSO) survey, the total number of
child labour in Orissa is put at 2.4 lakh. The decadal decline
can be attributed to the increasing literacy, urbanization
and industrialization. However, the government must
ensure that all the children in the state should enjoy their
child rights, a minimum standard of life, education and
better health conditions. There should be no child labour in
the state.

35. RECOMMENDATION
• The Government should base its child labour and education policies on the legal
right of every child to go to a day-time school and stimulate the wider acceptance
of the social norm that every child should be in school, with special regard to
obstacles based on gender and other forms of discrimination. The Government has
to ensure that they receive quality education in terms of both content, teaching
methods and qualified teachers but also effective methods of mobilization and
transitory education that enable all out-of-school children to go to day-time
education.
• Income of the families should be Increased
• Education for all children irrespective of their economic and social background
should be ensured, that helps children learn skills that help them earn a livelihood.
• Social security’s should be provided by the Govt. and other agencies , that help
children and families to survive in crises, such as disease, loss of home and shelter
• There should be an awareness campaign for small families, so that families are not
burdened by children