This document provides an overview of India's economy and industries. It notes that India is a global leader in several industries such as truck manufacturing, motorcycles, pharmaceuticals, and engineering graduates. It also discusses India's significant natural resources like coal and bauxite reserves. The document outlines some of India's major states and their important industries such as IT in Bangalore, gold in Karnataka, spices and agriculture in Kerala, and biodiesel from jatropha in Andhra Pradesh. It concludes by comparing India's growing consumption market to China's export-driven economy.

1. The history of India’s transactions with the
outside world is thousands of years old.
Mindful of the world
“ New India ”
Compiled by
M.Karikalan,
karikalan@y7mail.com

2.  The world ’ s largest truck manufacturer[1],
 the largest manufacturer of motorcycles in the world,
 the country with the most FDA - approved drug companies outside the
United States,
 the largest number of Fortune 500 R & D centers outside the United States,
 the third - largest stock exchange in the world in terms of volume,
 the second - largest producer of sugarcane (got ethanol?), the largest
producer of milk and fruits,
 the third - largest producer of cotton, and that ’ s just the beginning.
 India is home to the world ’ s fi fth - largest coal reserves,
 the third - largest bauxite reserves.
 the fourth - largest steel producer in the world,
 the sixth - largest aluminum producer, and
 the third - largest manufacturer of CDs and DVDs.
 Indians purchase six million cell phones per month.
 There are 40 million Internet users, projected to grow to 200 million by
2015.
 The middle class comprises more than 60 million people today and is
expected to exceed 583 million people by 2025,
 Seven hundred million Indians own property and 100 million households
have bank accounts today.
 Eighty million Indians hold secondary degrees and India is home to the largest
number of engineering graduates in the world.
 Northern India in many ways resembles the delta region of the Mississippi
River valley, with a vast river system traversing the region, and like the delta
it is rich in agriculture, known to many as the “ Granary of India, ” producing
60 percent of India ’ s wheat and 40 percent of its rice.
 India has a total arable land area of 162 million hectares — 25 percent more
arable land than China.
 Bangalore, often referred to as the Silicon Valley of India, is located in this
region. The city is India ’ s IT and outsourcing center, accounting for
approximately 38 percent of India ’ s software exports. and
 Many world - class companies have their roots in this city, Infosys being one
of them.

3.  The state of Karnataka is India ’ s largest producer of coffee, raw silk, and
sandalwood. It accounts for 75 percent of India ’ s fl oriculture and 59
percent of the country ’ s coffee production.
 Over 90 percent of India ’ s gold comes from the southern region of this
state; that ’ s important, since India has some of the world ’ s top jewelry
designers.
 Kerala has India ’ s highest literacy rate — its service sector forms the
foundation of its economy, followed by agriculture (cereals and grains) and fi
shing. Also, Kerala plays a signifi cant role in India ’ s spice industry.
 India accounts for 45 percent of black pepper imports to the United States,
almost all of which come from Kerala.
 Andhra Pradesh, has entered into a formal agreement with Reliance
Industries for planting jatropha for high - quality biodiesel fuel. Jatropha has
been recognized as a critical component of India ’ s desire to achieve energy
independence by 2011. It is unique in its ability to be grown in wastelands,
and once harvested it has a yield
per hectare of more than four times that of soybeans and ten times that of
corn. The government has identifi ed 400,000 square km of land where
jatropha can be grown, hoping it will replace 20 percent of India ’ s diesel
consumption by 2011. In September 2007, Hindustan Petroleum
Corporation Limited joined with the Maharashtra State Farming orporation
for a jatropha seed - based biodiesel venture. The fuel is already being used
on Indian Railways. In fact, more than 250 engineers from various R & D
groups have come to India to work on the biodiesel program in the past year
alone. Mahindra & Mahindra, India ’ s largest tractor manufacturer, is aiming
to produce the country ’ s fi rst biodiesel tractor as well as a passenger
vehicle, to be launched under the Scorpio brand.
 Tamil Nadu, India ’ s southernmost state, has had continuous human
habitation since prehistoric times. Its long history and cultural traditions are
among the world ’ s oldest, which has resulted in the oldest surviving
literature in India. Currently, Tamil Nadu holds the position of having the
highest level of urbanization in India (43.86%). Furthermore, it ranks as one
of India ’ s most industrialized states, with more than 110 industrial parks
(and their supporting infrastructure). The state is a leading producer of
agricultural products (corn, rye, and sugarcane) in India, second only to

4. Punjab. It is also India ’ s largest producer of turmeric, of which India is the
largest producer, consumer, and exporter of in the world. It is the only state
to have a formal biodiesel policy that stipulates the use of jatropha plant
crops. Tamil Nadu distributes wasteland to poor farmers for planting. One
would have to wonder why a country like India, with an economy one - fifth
the size of the United States, would have a more progressive energy policy
than the United States.
South rests Orissa, a state with a long coastline and large resources of
chrome, manganese, granite, and gemstone minerals. Because of this
wealth, it frequently attracts foreign investment in steel, aluminum, power,
refi neries, and infrastructure. Furthermore, Orissa is emerging as a player in
IT outsourcing and services. The current planned IT investment in the state is
projected to be $ 90 billion.
India ’ s top IT fi rms — Satyam Computer Services, TCS, MindTree
Consulting, IBM, Bosch, and Wipro — have set up development centers in
Orissa. National Aluminum and Tata Sponge Iron have their corporate offi
ces in the state. Recently the number of companies who have signed
Memoranda of Understanding to set up steel plants has gone up to 50,
including South Korea ’ s Posco, which has agreed to construct a mammoth
US $ 12 billion steel plant near the port of Paradip. Arcelor - Mittal has also
announced plans to invest in another US $ 10 billion megasteel project. The
state is also attracting an unprecedented amount of investment in
aluminum, coal – based power plants, and petrochemicals. Vedanta
Resources ’ 1.4 million - ton aluminum project in Kalahandi is the state ’ s
largest investment in aluminum.
[2].....By 1920, persons of Indian origin residing outside India numbered
more than a million. They formed two-thirds of the population of Mauritius;
a third to a half of the populations of Trinidad, British Guiana, Dutch
Guiana, and Fiji; and nearly 10 percent of the population in Ceylon, East
Africa, and South Africa.
THE INDIA MARKET VERSUS THE CHINA MARKET
You now [1] know that India is a worldwide leader in some key industries,
and the country will soon become a global leader in a number of others, but
why is it going to become the largest market the world has ever seen? Why
not China, after all — that country has 1.3 billion people, compared to India ’
s only 1.1 billion. China is clearly in the lead, as the world ’ s manufacturing
leader. China is a one - party state, and its government made a decision

5. some years back to pursue economic development through exports, a lot of
exports. Consumption was put on the backburner. In fact, two - thirds of
China ’ s GDP growth is driven by exports; less than a third is driven by
consumption. The Chinese government also decided to pursue the “ one
child ” policy, which has reduced population growth but has also created a
graying population, with 265 million 65 - year - olds by 2020. That number of
retirees is going to put a signifi cant strain on the economy — more
importantly, retirees simply do not spend as much as younger workers. With
fewer workers supporting larger numbers of retirees, the strain on the
severely underfunded social pension system is expected to grow. The
pension system currently only covers urban Chinese, not rural residents,
who make up the majority of the population; even so, it has to be subsidized
by other government revenues. Chinese already save prodigiously for
retirement, and as their society ages, they are expected to consume less and
save even more to fund their retirement.
Conclusion: India needs to focus on the development of infrastructure for
placement continuously. Government should ensured the opportunity to
work in self-employment or employment offer livelihood of rights.
Reference;
[1]RIDING THE Indian TIGER_ UNDERSTANDING INDIA—THE WORLD’S FASTEST GROWING MARKET
William Nobrega, Ashish Sinha
[2] India in the World Economy_ From Antiquity to the Present, TIRTHANKAR ROY