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Networking Basics
1.
2.
[email_address]
3.
GNU Free Documentation
License
4.
Version 0.1
5.
OK, but we
are going for something different....
6.
7.
“Physical Connectivity” among
two or more devices
8.
9.
10.
MAN( Metropolitian Area
Network ) ie spans entire city.
11.
WAN( Wide Area
Network ) ie connects different cities, states , countries .
12.
13.
NIC ( Network
Interface Card ) : it “physically” attaches a computer to a network .
14.
15.
16.
For LAN we
use CAT5 or CAT6 cables with RJ-45 connector ( Registered Jack )
17.
Ethernet NIC card
& Ethernet Connector with RJ-45 connector
18.
RJ-45 connector &
Crimper
19.
Hub & Switch
20.
21.
22.
Command to find
MAC & IP address is : “ifconfig”
23.
24.
Each NIC is
programmed at factory with unique MAC. .
25.
26.
Bottom 24 bits:
node id
27.
28.
http://www.coffer.com/mac_find/
29.
30.
31.
2. Private
32.
33.
Range : 0.x.y.z
to 127.x.y.z
34.
Total nodes in
a network of type Class A is ( 2^7 )*(2^24-2)
35.
36.
Higher 2bits are
“10”
37.
Range : 128.x.y.z
to 191.x.y.z
38.
Total nodes in
a network of type Class B is ( 2^14)*(2^16-2)
39.
40.
Higher 3 bits
are “110”
41.
Range : 192.x.y.z
to 223.x.y.z
42.
43.
44.
45.
46.
Range is (240).x.y.z
to (253).x.y.z
47.
48.
ANS: 78.0.0.0 ,
78.0.0.1 , 78.255.255.254 , 78.255.255.255 ( in that order )
49.
“DBA” is used
if packet has to be transmitted to all systems in a network.
50.
Make all “host
ID” bits as “1” .
51.
52.
ANS : 203.89.79.00
, 203.89.79.01 , 203.89.79.254 , 203.89.79.255
53.
54.
Used to send
packet to all nodes within “same” network .
55.
Till now all
we saw was “2-level hierarchy”.
56.
But what is
actually used is “3-level heirarchy” , it has concept of “subnetting”.
57.
58.
1.)10.0.0.0 to 10.255.255.255
OR
59.
2.)172.16.0.0 to 172.31.255.255
OR
60.
3.)192.168.0.0 to 192.168.255.255.
61.
Can you guess
the class-type of each ??
62.
NOTE: 1.) has
only 1 network , 2.) has max 16 networks & 3.) has max 256 networks .
63.
64.
Agent between public
& private network.
65.
Hides entire IP
addr space behind single /group of IP addr.
66.
67.
For eg, they
must be given IP addr , default route etc .
68.
This could be
done manually. But DHCP does this for us.
69.
It is –
Dynamic Host Control Protocol .
70.
71.
DHCP enabled on
your computer means you are letting DHCP server assign a IP( from a defined range of nos. )
72.
DHCP server assigns
a device IP , subnet mask , default gateway .
73.
74.
Std technology for
managing names of websites & Internet domains .
75.
DNS server is
like look-up table.
76.
Can you think
of something similar that we already use ??
77.
78.
All DNS servers
are arranged in heirarchy .
79.
cat /etc/resolv.conf
80.
81.
ifconfig eth0 down
: disable network card
82.
ifconfig eth0 up
: enable network card
83.
host moodle.coep.org.in :
DNS test
84.
traceroute www.whatismyip.com
85.
tracepath www.whatismyip.com
86.
87.
ping moodle.coep.org.in :
check connection
88.
netstat -rn :
??
89.
90.
Try this :
ssh [email_address]
91.
Try this :
scp document.pdf [email_address] : ( send file at home folder of student )
92.
Several combinations for
scp at : http://www.examplenow.com/scp/
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