Get knowledge on history of internet, who governs internet, how to connect your device with internet, modems, ISPS, etc.

1. NETWORKING
Powerpoint presentation
Presented by Lakshay
10th
Roll no. 1

3. INTERNET
The INTERNET is an connection
between several computers of
different types belonging to various
networks all over the world. It is a
global network of networks.

4. History of internet
In 1969, the Department of Defence (DOD) of the United States of
America developed a network called Advanced Research Projects Agency
Network (ARPANET). It was started with one computer in California and
three in Utah.
Later, the military allowed universities to join the network for sharing the
hardware and software resources. The network grew bigger and bigger
and gave birth to the present-day Internet.

5. Who governs the internet ?
The internet is not governed by any one person or organization. There is no governing
body of the internet. Different volunteer groups have been formed to coordinate and
monitor the technical aspects of the internet. These groups are as follows :
• Internet Activities Board (IAB) - This group looks after the development of the
internet suit of protocols.
• Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN) - This group is
responsible for providing various kinds of registration services, such as IP addresses
and domain names, needed for the internet to operate effectively.
• World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) - This a joint initiative by MIT, CERN, and
INRIA to develop standards for the web.

6. Connecting to the internet
The exact requirements for connecting your computer to the internet depend
upon the kind of the internet connection sought. In general, however, you
would require the following to set up an internet connection:
• A modem
• Data transfer media
• An Internet Service Provider (ISP)

7. Modem
A modem is a computer peripheral or accessory that allows you to
connect and communicate with other computers via telephone lines. A
modem also enables sending a fax from a computer to a fax machine or
another computer. There are two types of modems:
• Internal modem : An internal modem slips into an expansion
slot provided in the computer. The phone cord is plugged
Into a jack at the back of the computer. The internal
modem is less expensive than a external modem.

8. • External modem: An
external modem is placed
is placed outside a
computer.
The modem rests near the
telephone that hooks the
computer to the internet.

9. Data transfer media
A medium is required to transfer data from one computer to another. This
medium can be wired, for example, a telephone line, or wireless, for example,
air. In both cases, the ISP connects the computer to the internet.
Wired connection Wireless connection

10. Internet service providers (ISPs)
Internet Service Providers (ISPs) are organizations that provide
internet connections to users through their installed servers on
payment of a fee.
A server is a computer with high storage capacity and memory. It is,
in turn, connected through cables or satellites to other servers in the
world. Connections issued through a server are allotted a private
space on that server in order to host websites for clients and store
email messages for the connected users.
Some of the popular ISPs in India are Vodafones, Bharat Sanchar
Nigam Limited (BSNL), Mobile TeleSystems India (MTS India),
Mahanagar Telephone Nigam Limited (MTNL), Reliance
Communications, Airtel, Aircel, and Idea Cellular.

11. Types of internet connection
To connect to the internet, you can use a dial-up connection, Integrated
Service Digital Network (ISDN), broadband, Digital Subscriber Line (DSL),
cable service, and wireless service (Wi-Fi). All these can be grouped as either
wired or wireless internet connections.