This document discusses different network topologies. It defines network topology as the structure and connections between components in a computer network. The main types of network topologies covered are point-to-point, mesh, star, bus, and ring. Point-to-point topology connects only two nodes directly, mesh topology connects all devices to each other, star topology connects all devices to a central hub, bus topology connects all devices to a single cable, and ring topology connects devices in a continuous loop.

1. NETWORK TOPOLOGY
BY E. KOMAL

2. INTRODUCTION
In Computer Network ,there are various ways
through which different components are
connected to one another. Network
Topology is the way that defines the structure,
and how these components are connected to
each other.

3. Types of Network Topology
The arrangement of a network that comprises
nodes and connecting lines via sender and
receiver is referred to as Network Topology.
The various network topologies are:
 Point to Point Topology
 Mesh Topology
 Star Topology
 Bus Topology
 Ring Topology

4. Point to Point Topology
It is a type of topology that works on the functionality of
the sender and receiver. It is the simplest communication
between two nodes, in which one is the sender and the
other one is the receiver. Point-to-Point provides high
bandwidth.

5. Mesh Topology
In a mesh topology, every device is connected to
another device via a particular channel. In Mesh
Topology, the protocols used are AHCP (Ad Hoc
Configuration Protocols), DHCP (Dynamic Host
Configuration Protocol), etc.

6. Star topology
In Star Topology, all the devices are connected
to a single hub through a cable. This hub is the
central node and all other nodes are connected
to the central node.

7. Bus Topology
Bus topology is a network type in which every
computer and network device is connected to a
single cable. It is bi-directional. It is a multi-point
connection and a non-robust topology because if
the backbone fails the topology crashes.

8. Ring Topology
In ring topology, it forms a ring connecting
devices with exactly two neighboring devices. If
we had to send the information to the last node,
the information will pass through the every
computer in this topology. Hence to prevent the
data loss repeaters are used.

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