![What’s
a
Cloud?
• Cloud:
Cloud
compu<ng
is
the
delivery
of
compuEng
and
storage
capacity
[1]
as
a
service
[2]
to
a
heterogeneous
community
of
end-‐
recipients.
Images
Courtesy:
Wikipedia/Company
logos](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/cloudplatformbuildingblocks-120712151946-phpapp02/85/Netflix-Cloud-Platform-Building-Blocks-10-320.jpg)
Uploaded bySudhir Tonse
Netflix Cloud Platform Building Blocks
The document outlines Netflix's architectural approach using Amazon Web Services (AWS) for its cloud platform, detailing the transition from an old data center to a scalable cloud-deployed architecture. It covers technical challenges encountered throughout the migration, deployment strategies, and best practices for cloud utilization, emphasizing robustness, cost management, and data security. Additionally, it discusses tools and metrics for monitoring, as well as lessons learned and guidelines for efficient cloud deployment.
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Similar to Netflix Cloud Platform Building Blocks
Netflix Cloud Platform Building Blocks
- 1. Ne#lix Cloud Pla#orm Building Blocks Architectural Building Blocks On Amazon Public Cloud Sudhir Tonse (@stonse) #gitpronflx
- 2.
- 3. What is Ne#lix? With more than 26 million streaming members in the United States, Canada, LaEn America, the United Kingdom and Ireland, Ne#lix, Inc. (NASDAQ: NFLX) is the world's leading internet subscripEon service for enjoying movies and TV programs. … In all, more than 800 devices that stream from Ne#lix are available. (hp://ir.netflix.com) hp://bit.ly/LWST5w
- 4. Who Am I • In the Movie Business J – Manager, Cloud Pla#orm/ Infrastructure @ Ne#lix – @ Ne#lix since 2008 – Prior day jobs • System Architect/Lead @ AOL (Netscape, iPlanet, Sun) • @stonse • hp://www.linkedin.com/in/sudhirtonse Important: This talk is a developer community outreach by me as an individual and the content here may or may not reflect Ne#lix’s official view.
- 5. Why am I here? • Share the Story of Ne,lix and its use of the Amazon Cloud – Why did Ne#lix move to the Cloud? – How did we move? – What did we learn? • Share Technical Challenges and SoluEons – Contribute back to the community • Perhaps Interest you in Helping us Reach the Next Steps – Yes, I am Hiring!
- 6. What is in it for You? • Various Open Source Offerings • Tech papers • Blogs & ArEcles • Meetups and Talks like this J
- 7. What’s in it for Ne#lix? bird in a Big Cloud • Small • Tech Community Engagement • Open Source ContribuEons
- 8.
- 9. Cloud • What is it? • Why Cloud?
- 10. What’s a Cloud? • Cloud: Cloud compu<ng is the delivery of compuEng and storage capacity [1] as a service [2] to a heterogeneous community of end-‐ recipients. Images Courtesy: Wikipedia/Company logos
- 11. Cloud Stack Clients Browsers, Mobile, Televisions … SaaS/ApplicaEons Ne#lix Apps/Services PaaS Ne#lix ExecuEon Env (JVM), Web/App Servers, Frameworks, Tools Cloud Pla#orm IaaS Virtual Machines, Networking, Load Balancers …
- 12. Ne#lix Cloud Pla#orm • PaaS Building Blocks on top of Amazon’s IaaS
- 13. Pla#orm Blocks InternalizaEon/ App Infrastructure Messaging L10N/Geo Server Client Security Big Data Tools/Frameworks Design/Architecture ConfiguraEon DiagnosEcs Management
- 14. Web Scale • Billions of Requests per day • Terabytes of data per day • Millions of Metric data points per day • Hundreds of services
- 15.
- 16. Why Cloud contd … • UndifferenEated Heavy Lising – MulE Region – On Demand CompuEng Power – Tons of Features J
- 17. On Demand Auto Scaling! • Traffic Paerns Compute Compute • Scale UP & Down based on Demand – Use CloudWatch Time • RPS Time • Load Average Slow Growth Periodic Jobs • … Compute Compute Compute Time Time Time Predictable Bursts Unpredictable Bursts Steady State
- 18. Instance Instance Instance Instance Instance Instance Instance Instance Scale Up Instance Instance Instance Instance Instance Scale Up
- 19. Scale Down Instance Instance Instance Instance Instance Instance Instance
- 20.
- 21. DataCenter to Cloud Timeline
- 22. DC to SOA • Old DataCenter • Ne#lix Cloud (2008) (2012) • Everything in one • 100s of Fine WebApp (.war) Grained Services
- 23. Old Lessons • One missing Semi Colon can bring your site down!!! – Runaway Thread • Lessons – Async execuEon – Timed gets() (i.e. use java Future)
- 24. Deployment Concepts ApplicaEon Cluster 1 Cluster 2 Cluster n ASG 1 ASG 2 ASG 1 Instances Instances Instances
- 25.
- 26.
- 27. What’s in a name? • Cloud instances are ephemeral – They have no fixed NAME – The have a public IP address, a private IP address and can opEonally be associated with an ElasEc IP Address – How can you address your services? • Via ElasEc IP (but these are limited per account) • Route 53 (A DNS service offered by Amazon) • Ne#lix uses in-‐house app called Discovery Service – Keeper of addresses and metadata of running instances Shakespeare
- 28. Inter Process CommunicaEon • Ne#lix uses NIWS – Ne#lix Internal Web Services – Common infrastructural library that aids in RPC • Based on JSR-‐311 (Jersey) • Uses Discovery Service to obtain instances of every service • Has an in built Mid Tier s/w LoadBalancer Sudhir Tonse
- 29. BiopSys Danny Yuan • Search Logs on 1000s of Amazon Instances – Per Cluster, Apps, Instances, Time Range etc.
- 30. S3 DiagnosEcs • Help Debug S3 Latency if any Sudhir Tonse
- 31. Metrics • One cannot fully Understand what One cannot Observe J • Ne#lix Pla#orm has several Metrics/Data CollecEon components – Servo ( @Monitors) – Tracers/Counters – Chukwa (for Log Events and Business Metrics) – More J
- 32. Metrics @royrapaport
- 33. Cassandra Dashboard • Visualize Status of MulEple Cassandra Clusters Eran Landau
- 34. Lessons Learned • Roman Riding is hard – e.g. sharing traffic between Datacenter (SQL) and Cloud (NoSQL) • Plan for Failure – Test for Failure (Chaos Monkey & Simian Army)
- 35. Commandments of Web Scale Cloud Deployment
- 37. Cloud Commandments 1. Thou shalt not have Sticky in-memory sessions – Hard to Scale 2. Thou shalt not direclty use a Central SQL database in the user request path – Atleast not one that uses locks and transactions 3. Thou shalt not store important data on ephemeral instances – These are lost when instances go down. Use EBS volumes, S3 or other persistence stores 4. Thou shalt embrace a homogenous architecture – Much easier to achieve operational efficiency 5. Thou shalt understand and embrace the CAP theorem – Choice between CP and AP. Most web scale deployments choose AP 6. Thou shalt gaurd all external calls using the Dependency Command Pattern – Idea is to effectively gaurd user request procesing threads 7. Thou shalt be prepared to scale according to thy needs – Web traffic can come in bursts, its important to scale up/down the whole SOA stack based on resources needed
- 38. Cloud Commandments contd… 8. Thou shalt keep a wary eye on thy cost – It all adds up eventually. Plenty of low hanging fruits avaialble to save costs 9. Thou shalt secure thy data and instances – Encrypt data; secure access to instances. (Pay attention to Security Groups) 10. Thou shalt instrument thy code – You cant trust what you cant see 11. Thou shalt effectively monitor thy access points – Its the cloud and things can go wrong or go reaaaal slooow 12. Thou shalt deploy thy instances in multiple regions and zones – For maximizing SLAs and availability 13. Thou shalt be wary of SPOF – Mantra of distributed system design 14. Thou shalt always plan for failure – Its just a question of when, not if. Have a good backup plan
- 39. Concepts • Throling/Metering – Thundering Herd (Retry Storms) • Graceful DegradaEon – Appropriate Fallbacks
- 40. Metering • Protocol Level – NIWS features • Client Side Guards • Service Side Metering • Client API level – Dependency Command Paern
- 41. Dependency Command Paern hp://techblog.ne#lix.com/search/label/fault-‐tolerance Ben Christensen
- 42. Dependency Command Effect of Latency …
- 43.
- 44. Dependency Command • network Emeouts and retries • separate threads on per-‐dependency thread pools • semaphores (via a tryAcquire, not a blocking call) • circuit breakers
- 45. Failures • Failures will happen – It’s a quesEon of when and how NOT “if” – Plan • Regularly Test for possible Failures – Ne#lix Simian Army: e.g. Chaos Monkey, Latency Monkey … • Severity – Minimize the impact of a failure • Occurrence – Minimize the frequency of a failure • Observability – Minimize the Eme to detect and respond
- 46. Simian Army Chaos Monkey • Simulates hard failures in AWS by killing a few instances per ASG (e.g. Auto Scale Group) • Similar to how EC2 instances can be killed by AWS with lile warning • Tests clientsʼ ability to gracefully deal with broken connecEons, interrupted calls, etc... • Verifies that all services are running within the protecEon of AWS Auto Scale Groups, which reincarnates killed instances • If not, the Chaos monkey will win! Conformity Monkey . • Verifies that all services are running within the protecEon of AWS Auto Scale Groups, which reincarnates killed instances • If not, app/service team is noEfied
- 47. Simian Army … Latency Monkey • Simulates sos failures -‐-‐ i.e. a service gets slower • Injects random delays in NIWS (client-‐ side) or Server (server-‐side) of a client-‐ server interacEon • Tests the ability of applicaEons to detect and recover (i.e. Graceful DegradaEon) from the harder problem of delays, that leads to thundering herd and Emeouts Other Monkeys • Security Monkey Chaos Gorilla • Janitor Monkey • Simulates Zone Outage • Efficiency Monkey • .. more
- 48. Building Redundancy and Availability • Deploy in mulEple zone and consider mulEple regions • Pay aenEon to various modes of failures
- 49. Three Balanced Availability Zones Load Balancers Zone A Zone B Zone C Persistence Store Persistence Store Persistence Store Courtesy @adrianco
- 50. Triple Replicated Persistence Load Balancers Zone A Zone B Zone C Persistence Store Persistence Store Persistence Store
- 51. Isolated Regions US-‐East Load Balancers EU-‐West Load Balancers Zone A Zone B Zone C Zone A Zone B Zone C Persistence Store Persistence Store Persistence Store Cassandra Replicas Cassandra Replicas Cassandra Replicas
- 52. Cassandra Global Ring Reference: hp://techblog.ne#lix.com
- 53.
- 54. Tips Guidelines contd … • Amazon CloudWatch – Is your friend! Ne#lix Servo ( hp://github.com/ne#lix/servo) helps you publish metrics to CloudWatch • ELB – Always keep your Zones Balanced! – Healthcheck URLs are important • Auto Scaling Groups – This is an amazing feature that can really save you $$ $s and help you run more efficiently. Read hp://bit.ly/NgwS0K
- 55. Tips Guidelines contd … • Keep acEve track of Usage Costs – Usage costs can surprise you! – Ne#lix has an internal tool which we may open source. Watch @Ne#lixOSS • Reserve Instances – ReservaEon can save you $$$s (upto 71% !!) (YMMV) – Guarantees availability when you need it
- 56. Tips/Guidelines • S3 Best PracEces – Amazon doc: hp://bit.ly/MW93xj – Know when to use Regional S3 Endpoints • Important when your dev/test team and deployments are in different regions – Use Smart Bucket/Key naming • Use 3 to 63 characters. • Use only lower case leers (at least one), numbers, '.' and '-‐'. • Don't start or end the bucket name with '.' and don't follow or precede a '.' with a '-‐'. – Compress Data – Use TTLs – Many more …
- 57.
- 58. Open Source • @Ne#lixOSS • hp://ne#lix.github.com/ • Built for the CLOUD
- 59. How can you benefit?
- 60. Deployment Tool • ASGARD
- 61. ConfiguraEon Management • Archaius (ProperEes Management) • More Coming Soon …
- 62. NoSQL Persistence Cassandra based offerings • Priam (Token Management) • Astyanax (Cassandra Client) • Jmeter plugin for Load Tests
- 63. Technical Knowledge Sharing • hp://techblog.ne#lix.com – Cloud Usage – PersonalizaEon RecommendaEons – Hadoop and Big Data papers – CDN (Content Delivery Networks) – General Architectural Guidelines – Performance Scalability • Slideshare – hp://www.slideshare.net/search/slideshow? searchfrom=headerq=Ne#lix
- 64. New Challenges • More Global Expansion • Real Time Data Infrastructure • March towards Connuous IntegraEon and Deployment
- 65. Ne#lix • Freedom and Responsibility – Empower engineers – #DevOps – Context not Control
- 66. Want to Join us? hp://jobs.ne#lix.com/jobs.html
- 67. Credits Adrian Cockros (@adrianco), Ruslan Meshenberg (@rusmeshenberg), Yury Izrailevsky, Joe Sondow (@joesondow), Ben Christensen (@benchristensen), Jordan Zimmerman (@randgalt), Ariel Tseltlin (@atseitlin), Allen Wang, Eran Landau, Danny Yuan, Pradeep Kamath And Members of the Ne#lix Cloud Pla#orm Team
- 68. Q A • @stonse
- 69. Amazon Cloud TerminologyReference See http://aws.amazon.com/ This is not a full list of Amazon Web Service features (courtesy @adrianco) • AWS – Amazon Web Services (common name for Amazon cloud) • AMI – Amazon Machine Image (archived boot disk, Linux, Windows etc. plus applicaEon code) • EC2 – ElasEc Compute Cloud – Range of virtual machine types m1, m2, c1, cc, cg. Varying memory, CPU and disk configuraEons. – Instance – a running computer system. Ephemeral, when it is de-‐allocated nothing is kept. – Reserved Instances – pre-‐paid to reduce cost for long term usage – Availability Zone – datacenter with own power and cooling hosEng cloud instances – Region – group of Availability Zones – US-‐East, US-‐West, EU-‐Eire, Asia-‐Singapore, Asia-‐Japan • ASG – Auto Scaling Group (instances booEng from the same AMI) • S3 – Simple Storage Service (hp access) • EBS – ElasEc Block Storage (network disk filesystem can be mounted on an instance) • RDS – RelaEonal Database Service (managed MySQL master and slaves) • SDB – Simple Data Base (hosted hp based NoSQL data store) • SQS – Simple Queue Service (hp based message queue) • SNS – Simple NoEficaEon Service (hp and email based topics and messages) • EMR – ElasEc Map Reduce (automaEcally managed Hadoop cluster) • ELB – ElasEc Load Balancer • EIP – ElasEc IP (stable IP address mapping assigned to instance or ELB) • VPC – Virtual Private Cloud (extension of enterprise datacenter network into cloud) • IAM – IdenEty and Access Management (fine grain role based security keys)