nerve physiology 2..pptx
•Download as PPTX, PDF•
0 likes•4 views
Neurons can be categorized as either myelinated or non-myelinated. Myelinated neurons have axons covered with a myelin sheath, which is formed by Schwann cells wrapping their cell membranes around the axon. The myelin sheath provides insulation and allows faster signal transmission. Non-myelinated neurons lack this sheath. Neurons can also be classified based on their structure, with unipolar neurons having one process, bipolar neurons having two processes, and multipolar neurons having multiple dendrites plus one axon.
Report
Share
Report
Share
Recommended
Nerve,structure and function
The document discusses the structure and function of neurons and glial cells in the nervous system. It describes:
1. Neurons are the basic functional units of the nervous system that conduct electrical signals. They consist of a cell body, dendrites that receive signals, and an axon that conducts signals away from the cell body.
2. Glial cells provide support and insulation for neurons. The main types are astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, microglia, ependymal cells, and Schwann cells. Astrocytes help form the blood-brain barrier and supply nutrients to neurons. Oligodendrocytes and Schwann cells form a fatty myelin sheath around ax
structure of neuron
The document provides information on the historical background and structure of neurons. It discusses how Purkinje, Golgi, and Cajal contributed to understanding neurons through their research using early microscopes. Their work led to the Neuron Doctrine which established that the neuron is the fundamental unit of the nervous system. The document then describes the main structures of the neuron in detail, including the cell body and its organelles, plasma membrane, and nerve cell processes. It classifies neurons based on morphology, size, and function and provides examples of each type.
Neurons
This document discusses neurons and glial cells in the nervous system. It states that the human CNS contains about 100 billion neurons and 10-50 times as many glial cells. Neurons transmit nerve impulses while glial cells provide support and communication. The two main types of glial cells are microglia and macroglia. Macroglia include oligodendrocytes, Schwann cells, and astrocytes. Neurons contain a cell body, dendrites, an axon, and axon terminals. Most neurons are myelinated by oligodendrocytes or Schwann cells to aid impulse conduction. Materials are transported along microtubules in the axon from the cell body to axon
Nervous System 1 (63).pptx
The document provides an overview of the nervous system, including its divisions, histology, and classifications of neurons. It discusses the key components and functions of neurons, including the cell body, dendrites, axon, and synapse. It describes the major types of neuroglia that support neurons, such as astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, microglia, ependymal cells, Schwann cells, and satellite cells. The document also begins to discuss the generation and propagation of nerve impulses, neurotransmitters, and myelination, but indicates these topics will be continued in subsequent sections.
NERVE CELLS FINAL( NEURON AND GLIAL CELLS.pptx FOR NURSING STUDENTS
THE NERVOUS SYSTEM CONTAINS TWO MAIN TYPES OF CELLS.
A neuron is a nerve cell that is the basic building block of the
nervous system.
Neurons are the structural and functional unit of the nervous
system.
Neurons are specialized to transmit information throughout the
body.
They constitute the communication network of the nervous system and transfer electrical impulses between the central nervous system and sensory organs such as eye,ear.nose,tongue and skin.
There are Approximately 86-100 billion neurons in the brain.
DENDRITES
Dendrites are the tree-like branched structures that arise from the nerve cell body.
Apart from the main dendrite branches, dendrites may contain additional protrusions
known as dendrite spines.
The axon hillock is a specialized region from which the
axon extends.
The axon is a single elongated tubal structure that extends from the Axon Hillock.
Each neuron has a single axon that extends and branches at its end.
The inner most Plasma membrane around the axon is Axolemma.
Neurilemma is the plasma membrane of schwann cells .
The spaces/gaps between the Schwann cells are known as the nodes of Ranvier and they serve to propagate electrical signals along the axon.
The branched end of the axon is known as the axon terminal[arborization] and
branches at the middle of the axon is axon collaterals .
This is the distal part of the axon that comes in contact with other cells. Also called as terminal boutons.
This part of the axon is largely involved in the release of the neurotransmitter.The cell body, also called the soma, is the spherical part of the neuron that contains the nucleus ,cytoplasm and organelles.
The cell body connects to the dendrites, and send information to the
axon depending on the strength of the signal.
The neuronal cytoplasm have the following
The Nucleus,
Nucleolus,
Endoplasmic Reticulum,
Golgi Apparatus,
Mitochondria,
Ribosomes,
Lysosomes,
Endosomes,
And Peroxisomes. A bipolar neuron is a type of neuron which has two extensions (one axon and one dendrite).
A multipolar neuron is a type of neuron that possesses a single axon and many dendrites (and dendritic branches), allowing for the integration of a great deal of information from other neurons.
TYPES OF NEURON:
A unipolar neuron is a type of neuron in which only one process called a neurite extends from the cell body. A pseudounipolar neuron is a type of neuron which has one extension from its cell body. This type of neuron contains an axon that has split into two branches; one branch travels to the PNS and the other to the CNS.They are three types of neurons based on the function as follows Sensory Neuron
Inter-Neuron
Motor Neuron
Interneurons are the central nodes of neural circuits, enabling communication between sensory or motor neurons and the (CNS).
Glial cells (named from the Greek word for "glue") are non- neuronal cells that
provide support and nutrition,
maintain homeostasis,
form myelin,
and participate in signal transmission.
CNS.pptx
Structures of Axon Terminals and Presynaptic Membrane
Presynaptic axon terminal has a definite intact membrane known as presynaptic
membrane.
Axon terminal has two important structures:
i. Mitochondria, which help in the synthesis of neurotransmitter substance
ii. Synaptic vesicles, which store neurotransmitter substanceMain function of the synapse is to transmit the
impulses, i.e. action potential from one neuron to
Another
1. Excitatory synapses
2. Inhibitory synapses,
4 nervous tissue
Nervous tissue consists of neurons and neuroglia. Neurons have dendrites, a cell body, and an axon. There are different types of neurons based on the number and arrangement of their processes. Neuroglia support and insulate neurons. At synapses, neurons communicate via neurotransmitters. The central nervous system contains grey and white matter. Grey matter contains neuron cell bodies while white matter contains myelinated axons. The meninges and cerebrospinal fluid surround and protect the central nervous system.
NEURON SUPPORTIVE CELLS OR ANS
Neurons are electrically excitable cells that process and transmit information through electrical and chemical signals. They connect to each other to form neural networks. Specialized neurons include sensory neurons, motor neurons, and interneurons. A typical neuron has a cell body, dendrites that receive signals, and an axon that transmits signals. Support cells in the central nervous system include oligodendrocytes, astrocytes, and microglia. Support cells in the peripheral nervous system are satellite cells and Schwann cells. The autonomic nervous system controls involuntary functions and is divided into the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems.
Recommended
Nerve,structure and function
The document discusses the structure and function of neurons and glial cells in the nervous system. It describes:
1. Neurons are the basic functional units of the nervous system that conduct electrical signals. They consist of a cell body, dendrites that receive signals, and an axon that conducts signals away from the cell body.
2. Glial cells provide support and insulation for neurons. The main types are astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, microglia, ependymal cells, and Schwann cells. Astrocytes help form the blood-brain barrier and supply nutrients to neurons. Oligodendrocytes and Schwann cells form a fatty myelin sheath around ax
structure of neuron
The document provides information on the historical background and structure of neurons. It discusses how Purkinje, Golgi, and Cajal contributed to understanding neurons through their research using early microscopes. Their work led to the Neuron Doctrine which established that the neuron is the fundamental unit of the nervous system. The document then describes the main structures of the neuron in detail, including the cell body and its organelles, plasma membrane, and nerve cell processes. It classifies neurons based on morphology, size, and function and provides examples of each type.
Neurons
This document discusses neurons and glial cells in the nervous system. It states that the human CNS contains about 100 billion neurons and 10-50 times as many glial cells. Neurons transmit nerve impulses while glial cells provide support and communication. The two main types of glial cells are microglia and macroglia. Macroglia include oligodendrocytes, Schwann cells, and astrocytes. Neurons contain a cell body, dendrites, an axon, and axon terminals. Most neurons are myelinated by oligodendrocytes or Schwann cells to aid impulse conduction. Materials are transported along microtubules in the axon from the cell body to axon
Nervous System 1 (63).pptx
The document provides an overview of the nervous system, including its divisions, histology, and classifications of neurons. It discusses the key components and functions of neurons, including the cell body, dendrites, axon, and synapse. It describes the major types of neuroglia that support neurons, such as astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, microglia, ependymal cells, Schwann cells, and satellite cells. The document also begins to discuss the generation and propagation of nerve impulses, neurotransmitters, and myelination, but indicates these topics will be continued in subsequent sections.
NERVE CELLS FINAL( NEURON AND GLIAL CELLS.pptx FOR NURSING STUDENTS
THE NERVOUS SYSTEM CONTAINS TWO MAIN TYPES OF CELLS.
A neuron is a nerve cell that is the basic building block of the
nervous system.
Neurons are the structural and functional unit of the nervous
system.
Neurons are specialized to transmit information throughout the
body.
They constitute the communication network of the nervous system and transfer electrical impulses between the central nervous system and sensory organs such as eye,ear.nose,tongue and skin.
There are Approximately 86-100 billion neurons in the brain.
DENDRITES
Dendrites are the tree-like branched structures that arise from the nerve cell body.
Apart from the main dendrite branches, dendrites may contain additional protrusions
known as dendrite spines.
The axon hillock is a specialized region from which the
axon extends.
The axon is a single elongated tubal structure that extends from the Axon Hillock.
Each neuron has a single axon that extends and branches at its end.
The inner most Plasma membrane around the axon is Axolemma.
Neurilemma is the plasma membrane of schwann cells .
The spaces/gaps between the Schwann cells are known as the nodes of Ranvier and they serve to propagate electrical signals along the axon.
The branched end of the axon is known as the axon terminal[arborization] and
branches at the middle of the axon is axon collaterals .
This is the distal part of the axon that comes in contact with other cells. Also called as terminal boutons.
This part of the axon is largely involved in the release of the neurotransmitter.The cell body, also called the soma, is the spherical part of the neuron that contains the nucleus ,cytoplasm and organelles.
The cell body connects to the dendrites, and send information to the
axon depending on the strength of the signal.
The neuronal cytoplasm have the following
The Nucleus,
Nucleolus,
Endoplasmic Reticulum,
Golgi Apparatus,
Mitochondria,
Ribosomes,
Lysosomes,
Endosomes,
And Peroxisomes. A bipolar neuron is a type of neuron which has two extensions (one axon and one dendrite).
A multipolar neuron is a type of neuron that possesses a single axon and many dendrites (and dendritic branches), allowing for the integration of a great deal of information from other neurons.
TYPES OF NEURON:
A unipolar neuron is a type of neuron in which only one process called a neurite extends from the cell body. A pseudounipolar neuron is a type of neuron which has one extension from its cell body. This type of neuron contains an axon that has split into two branches; one branch travels to the PNS and the other to the CNS.They are three types of neurons based on the function as follows Sensory Neuron
Inter-Neuron
Motor Neuron
Interneurons are the central nodes of neural circuits, enabling communication between sensory or motor neurons and the (CNS).
Glial cells (named from the Greek word for "glue") are non- neuronal cells that
provide support and nutrition,
maintain homeostasis,
form myelin,
and participate in signal transmission.
CNS.pptx
Structures of Axon Terminals and Presynaptic Membrane
Presynaptic axon terminal has a definite intact membrane known as presynaptic
membrane.
Axon terminal has two important structures:
i. Mitochondria, which help in the synthesis of neurotransmitter substance
ii. Synaptic vesicles, which store neurotransmitter substanceMain function of the synapse is to transmit the
impulses, i.e. action potential from one neuron to
Another
1. Excitatory synapses
2. Inhibitory synapses,
4 nervous tissue
Nervous tissue consists of neurons and neuroglia. Neurons have dendrites, a cell body, and an axon. There are different types of neurons based on the number and arrangement of their processes. Neuroglia support and insulate neurons. At synapses, neurons communicate via neurotransmitters. The central nervous system contains grey and white matter. Grey matter contains neuron cell bodies while white matter contains myelinated axons. The meninges and cerebrospinal fluid surround and protect the central nervous system.
NEURON SUPPORTIVE CELLS OR ANS
Neurons are electrically excitable cells that process and transmit information through electrical and chemical signals. They connect to each other to form neural networks. Specialized neurons include sensory neurons, motor neurons, and interneurons. A typical neuron has a cell body, dendrites that receive signals, and an axon that transmits signals. Support cells in the central nervous system include oligodendrocytes, astrocytes, and microglia. Support cells in the peripheral nervous system are satellite cells and Schwann cells. The autonomic nervous system controls involuntary functions and is divided into the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems.
Basic ap chapter 12 powerpoint 2017
The document discusses the structure and function of the nervous system. It describes the central nervous system (CNS), which includes the brain and spinal cord, and the peripheral nervous system (PNS). The two main cell types are neurons, which transmit electrical signals, and glial cells, which provide support. Neurons have a cell body and branched processes called dendrites that receive signals and axons that transmit signals. Axons may be wrapped in a fatty sheath called myelin for insulation. The CNS contains gray matter, with cell bodies, and white matter, with mostly axons. The nervous system functions include sensation, integration of information, and response.
Introduction to nervous system
The document provides an overview of the nervous system, including its functions and major components. It discusses the two principal cell types - neurons and neuroglia. Neurons are specialized to transmit electrical signals through a process called an action potential. All neurons have dendrites, a cell body, an axon, and presynaptic terminals. The document also describes the basic structure and function of a nerve, including the myelin sheath that surrounds many axons. Nerve fibers are classified in different ways, including based on their structure, function, neurotransmitter secretion, origin and distribution.
nervous system
The nervous system is divided into the central nervous system (CNS) and peripheral nervous system (PNS). The CNS consists of the brain and spinal cord and is protected by three layers of tissue called meninges. Within the CNS, gray matter contains neurons and white matter contains myelinated axons. Neuroglia provide support to neurons in the CNS. The PNS connects the CNS to the rest of the body and is composed of nerves and ganglia. Neurons are the basic functional units and come in several types defined by their dendrites and axons.
Presentation1
Glial cells make up 90% of cells in the central nervous system and were originally thought to just provide structural support to neurons. Glial cells actually perform many important functions including communicating with neurons, metabolically supporting neurons, maintaining the extracellular environment, and being nearly as important as neurons for learning and memory. The main types of glial cells are astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, microglia, and ependymal cells, each with distinct roles such as forming myelin sheaths, responding to infection/injury, or producing cerebrospinal fluid.
dr fareed structure of neuron msk 1 lec 1.pptx
The document summarizes the structure of a typical neuron. It describes that a neuron consists of a cell body (soma), dendrites, and an axon. The soma contains organelles and Nissl granules. Dendrites receive signals and have knobby projections. The axon is a long, single process that conducts signals away from the cell body and ends in synaptic terminals. Myelination insulates long axons, which is provided by Schwann cells in the peripheral nervous system and oligodendrocytes in the central nervous system. Axonal transport maintains the integrity of the axon by transporting proteins and other materials from the cell body to the axon.
Ns3
The reticular formation is a region in the brainstem that contains a network of neurons and fibers. It receives sensory information from ascending and descending tracts and has connections with other brain regions. It contains four important neuronal systems - the gigantocellular nuclei, substantia nigra, locus ceruleus, and raphe nuclei. The reticular formation plays roles in consciousness, sleep, sensory regulation, motor control, and autonomic functions through these neuronal systems.
Cellular organization of the nervous system
This document summarizes the cellular organization of the nervous system. It describes the main cell types: neurons, which are the basic functional units, and neuroglia, which provide support. Neurons have a cell body, dendrites, and an axon. Neuroglia include astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, microglia, and ependymal cells. Astrocytes regulate the neuronal microenvironment and form part of the blood-brain barrier. Oligodendrocytes and Schwann cells myelinate axons to increase conduction speed. The document also notes that glial cells can give rise to brain tumors since they continue to divide in adulthood, unlike most neurons.
U4-Neurone System.pdf
The nervous system consists of two main parts - the central nervous system (CNS) and the peripheral nervous system (PNS). The CNS contains the brain and spinal cord, while the PNS contains nerves that connect the CNS to the rest of the body. The structures that make up the nervous system include neurons, neuroglia, the brain, spinal cord, cranial and spinal nerves. Neurons are specialized to conduct electrical signals, while neuroglia provide support and insulation to the neurons. The spinal cord is protected within the bony vertebral column and surrounded by three layers of meninges.
Nueron ppt
Neurons are the basic structural and functional units of the nervous system. They have extensions called dendrites that receive signals and an axon that transmits signals. Neurons communicate with each other through electrochemical processes at synapses. The three main parts of a neuron are the dendrites, cell body, and axon. The cell body contains organelles like the nucleus, Golgi apparatus, endoplasmic reticulum, and mitochondria that support neuronal functions. Dendrites receive signals and axons transmit signals long distances via myelinated sheaths to synapse with other neurons. Neurons vary in structure and function depending on their role in the nervous system.
NEURON,NERVE GROWTH FACTORS, CYTOKININES
PHYSIOLOGY OF NEURON,
STRUCTURE AND FUNCTIONS OF NEURON, NERVE GROWTH FACTORS, CYTOKININES,
Zones Of The Neuron
1. Receptor Zone
2. Site Of Origin Of Conducted Impulse
3. Zone Of All Or None Transmission
4. Zone Of Secretion Of Transmitter
Functions Of Neuron
Transport system in neuron
Neurotrophins – Neurotrophic Factors
Nerve Growth Factor
Other Neurotrophins
cells of the ns
The document summarizes key aspects of cells in the nervous system. It discusses the two main cell types, neurons and glial cells. Neurons transmit signals between parts of the body and brain. Glial cells provide support and insulation for neurons. There are several types of glial cells including astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, microglia, and Schwann cells. Oligodendrocytes and Schwann cells form a myelin sheath around axons to speed signal transmission. The blood-brain barrier is formed by cells around blood vessels in the brain and protects the brain by restricting the movement of substances between blood and brain tissue.
Neuroanatomy and neuroscience_at_a_glance_2012_barker_revision_notes
The document provides an overview of the anatomical and functional organization of the nervous system. It discusses the development of the nervous system and organization of the central nervous system, including the brainstem, spinal cord, cerebral cortex, thalamus, and hypothalamus. It also covers the cells of the nervous system including neurons and glial cells, as well as the physiology of neurons including ion channels, action potentials, neurotransmission, and sensory systems.
Neuron ppt
Nervous tissue consists of neurons and neuroglia cells. Neurons are composed of dendrites, a cell body, and an axon, and are responsible for functions like sensing, thinking, and muscle control. The cell body contains organelles and protein-producing structures. Dendrites receive signals and the axon transmits signals. Neuroglia provide support and nourishment to the neurons.
5.Neuraglia Final .pptx
Neuroglia, or glial cells, are the supporting cells of the nervous system. There are two main types: neurons, which are excitable and generate electrical signals, and neuroglial cells, which are nonexcitable and serve supporting functions. Neuroglial cells outnumber neurons 10 to 1 and perform roles like forming myelin, regulating the brain's environment, and aiding neuronal repair. The four major glial cell types in the central nervous system are astrocytes, microglia, ependymal cells, and oligodendrocytes. Astrocytes help form the blood-brain barrier and regulate synaptic transmission, while microglia act as immune cells that remove debris. Oligodendrocy
Nerve and muscle
This document provides information on the structure and function of neurons and nerve fibers. It discusses the key parts of neurons including the cell body, axon, and dendrites. It describes how neurons communicate through electrical signals called action potentials, which involve the movement of sodium and potassium ions across the neuronal membrane. The document also discusses how neurons are classified, how they transmit signals through chemical synapses using neurotransmitters, and how myelin sheaths allow for faster signal conduction.
Epithelium.pptx
- Epithelium is a tissue that covers external surfaces of the body and lines internal organs and cavities. It is composed of closely packed cells and performs diverse functions like secretion, absorption, protection, and sensation.
- Epithelial cells exhibit polarity with distinct apical, lateral, and basal domains. The apical surface contains microvilli, stereocilia, or cilia that increase surface area. The basal surface attaches to the basement membrane.
- Epithelia are classified based on cell layers (simple vs stratified) and cell shape (cuboidal, columnar, squamous). Tight junctions between cells form a barrier and anchorages attach cells. Gap junctions allow cell-
Biology ppt(cell)
- The cell is the basic unit of structure and function of all living organisms. Cells were first discovered by Robert Hooke in 1665.
- The cell theory states that all living things are made of cells, new cells are produced from existing cells, and cells are the basic units of life.
- Cells come in a wide range of sizes, from bacteria which are 0.1-0.5 micrometers, to ostrich egg cells which are 170x130 mm.
- Key parts of the cell include the cell membrane, cytoplasm, organelles like mitochondria and ribosomes, the nucleus containing DNA, and structures that vary between plant and animal cells like chloroplasts and vacuoles.
2. tissue level of organization
This document provides information on the four basic tissue types - epithelial, connective, muscle and nervous tissue. It describes each tissue type in detail, including their characteristic roles and functions. For epithelial tissue, it discusses the different classifications including simple and stratified epithelium as well as glandular tissues. It also covers the key components and functions of connective, muscle and nervous tissues.
Neuroglial cells _neurons
There are four major types of neuroglial cells in the central nervous system: astrocytes, ependymal cells, microglial cells, and oligodendrocytes. Astrocytes regulate the flow of ions and molecules to and from neurons. Ependymal cells line the brain ventricles and spinal cord canal and produce cerebrospinal fluid. Microglial cells support neurons by phagocytizing dead cells and debris. Oligodendrocytes insulate axons with myelin to speed signal transmission between neurons.
Dr. Morey Madam RC.pptx
Dr. Morey Madam RC.pptxDr. Arun Gaware, Dept. Of Zoology, Shri Shivaji Arts, Commerce and Science College, Motala, Buldhana
The document summarizes the morphology, life cycle, and colony organization of honey bees. It also describes the traditional and modern methods of beekeeping.
1) Honey bees have three body parts - a head, thorax, and abdomen. The head contains antennae and mouthparts. The thorax contains legs and wings. The abdomen contains a sting and glands.
2) A honey bee colony contains one queen, thousands of workers, and hundreds of drones. The queen lays fertilized and unfertilized eggs which become workers or drones. Workers perform tasks like cleaning, feeding larvae, guarding, and foraging.
3) Modern beekeeping uses movable frame hives to allow extraction of honeyScoliodon Morphology.pptx
Scoliodon Morphology.pptxDr. Arun Gaware, Dept. Of Zoology, Shri Shivaji Arts, Commerce and Science College, Motala, Buldhana
- The document describes the dogfish (Scoliodon sarrokawah), a type of small shark.
- It lives in open seas and feeds on fish, crabs, and other crustaceans. It has a laterally compressed body up to 60cm long with dark gray top and pale white bottom.
- Its skin is rough due to embedded placoid scales, which form an exoskeleton. This protects it and reduces friction in water.More Related Content
Similar to nerve physiology 2..pptx
Basic ap chapter 12 powerpoint 2017
The document discusses the structure and function of the nervous system. It describes the central nervous system (CNS), which includes the brain and spinal cord, and the peripheral nervous system (PNS). The two main cell types are neurons, which transmit electrical signals, and glial cells, which provide support. Neurons have a cell body and branched processes called dendrites that receive signals and axons that transmit signals. Axons may be wrapped in a fatty sheath called myelin for insulation. The CNS contains gray matter, with cell bodies, and white matter, with mostly axons. The nervous system functions include sensation, integration of information, and response.
Introduction to nervous system
The document provides an overview of the nervous system, including its functions and major components. It discusses the two principal cell types - neurons and neuroglia. Neurons are specialized to transmit electrical signals through a process called an action potential. All neurons have dendrites, a cell body, an axon, and presynaptic terminals. The document also describes the basic structure and function of a nerve, including the myelin sheath that surrounds many axons. Nerve fibers are classified in different ways, including based on their structure, function, neurotransmitter secretion, origin and distribution.
nervous system
The nervous system is divided into the central nervous system (CNS) and peripheral nervous system (PNS). The CNS consists of the brain and spinal cord and is protected by three layers of tissue called meninges. Within the CNS, gray matter contains neurons and white matter contains myelinated axons. Neuroglia provide support to neurons in the CNS. The PNS connects the CNS to the rest of the body and is composed of nerves and ganglia. Neurons are the basic functional units and come in several types defined by their dendrites and axons.
Presentation1
Glial cells make up 90% of cells in the central nervous system and were originally thought to just provide structural support to neurons. Glial cells actually perform many important functions including communicating with neurons, metabolically supporting neurons, maintaining the extracellular environment, and being nearly as important as neurons for learning and memory. The main types of glial cells are astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, microglia, and ependymal cells, each with distinct roles such as forming myelin sheaths, responding to infection/injury, or producing cerebrospinal fluid.
dr fareed structure of neuron msk 1 lec 1.pptx
The document summarizes the structure of a typical neuron. It describes that a neuron consists of a cell body (soma), dendrites, and an axon. The soma contains organelles and Nissl granules. Dendrites receive signals and have knobby projections. The axon is a long, single process that conducts signals away from the cell body and ends in synaptic terminals. Myelination insulates long axons, which is provided by Schwann cells in the peripheral nervous system and oligodendrocytes in the central nervous system. Axonal transport maintains the integrity of the axon by transporting proteins and other materials from the cell body to the axon.
Ns3
The reticular formation is a region in the brainstem that contains a network of neurons and fibers. It receives sensory information from ascending and descending tracts and has connections with other brain regions. It contains four important neuronal systems - the gigantocellular nuclei, substantia nigra, locus ceruleus, and raphe nuclei. The reticular formation plays roles in consciousness, sleep, sensory regulation, motor control, and autonomic functions through these neuronal systems.
Cellular organization of the nervous system
This document summarizes the cellular organization of the nervous system. It describes the main cell types: neurons, which are the basic functional units, and neuroglia, which provide support. Neurons have a cell body, dendrites, and an axon. Neuroglia include astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, microglia, and ependymal cells. Astrocytes regulate the neuronal microenvironment and form part of the blood-brain barrier. Oligodendrocytes and Schwann cells myelinate axons to increase conduction speed. The document also notes that glial cells can give rise to brain tumors since they continue to divide in adulthood, unlike most neurons.
U4-Neurone System.pdf
The nervous system consists of two main parts - the central nervous system (CNS) and the peripheral nervous system (PNS). The CNS contains the brain and spinal cord, while the PNS contains nerves that connect the CNS to the rest of the body. The structures that make up the nervous system include neurons, neuroglia, the brain, spinal cord, cranial and spinal nerves. Neurons are specialized to conduct electrical signals, while neuroglia provide support and insulation to the neurons. The spinal cord is protected within the bony vertebral column and surrounded by three layers of meninges.
Nueron ppt
Neurons are the basic structural and functional units of the nervous system. They have extensions called dendrites that receive signals and an axon that transmits signals. Neurons communicate with each other through electrochemical processes at synapses. The three main parts of a neuron are the dendrites, cell body, and axon. The cell body contains organelles like the nucleus, Golgi apparatus, endoplasmic reticulum, and mitochondria that support neuronal functions. Dendrites receive signals and axons transmit signals long distances via myelinated sheaths to synapse with other neurons. Neurons vary in structure and function depending on their role in the nervous system.
NEURON,NERVE GROWTH FACTORS, CYTOKININES
PHYSIOLOGY OF NEURON,
STRUCTURE AND FUNCTIONS OF NEURON, NERVE GROWTH FACTORS, CYTOKININES,
Zones Of The Neuron
1. Receptor Zone
2. Site Of Origin Of Conducted Impulse
3. Zone Of All Or None Transmission
4. Zone Of Secretion Of Transmitter
Functions Of Neuron
Transport system in neuron
Neurotrophins – Neurotrophic Factors
Nerve Growth Factor
Other Neurotrophins
cells of the ns
The document summarizes key aspects of cells in the nervous system. It discusses the two main cell types, neurons and glial cells. Neurons transmit signals between parts of the body and brain. Glial cells provide support and insulation for neurons. There are several types of glial cells including astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, microglia, and Schwann cells. Oligodendrocytes and Schwann cells form a myelin sheath around axons to speed signal transmission. The blood-brain barrier is formed by cells around blood vessels in the brain and protects the brain by restricting the movement of substances between blood and brain tissue.
Neuroanatomy and neuroscience_at_a_glance_2012_barker_revision_notes
The document provides an overview of the anatomical and functional organization of the nervous system. It discusses the development of the nervous system and organization of the central nervous system, including the brainstem, spinal cord, cerebral cortex, thalamus, and hypothalamus. It also covers the cells of the nervous system including neurons and glial cells, as well as the physiology of neurons including ion channels, action potentials, neurotransmission, and sensory systems.
Neuron ppt
Nervous tissue consists of neurons and neuroglia cells. Neurons are composed of dendrites, a cell body, and an axon, and are responsible for functions like sensing, thinking, and muscle control. The cell body contains organelles and protein-producing structures. Dendrites receive signals and the axon transmits signals. Neuroglia provide support and nourishment to the neurons.
5.Neuraglia Final .pptx
Neuroglia, or glial cells, are the supporting cells of the nervous system. There are two main types: neurons, which are excitable and generate electrical signals, and neuroglial cells, which are nonexcitable and serve supporting functions. Neuroglial cells outnumber neurons 10 to 1 and perform roles like forming myelin, regulating the brain's environment, and aiding neuronal repair. The four major glial cell types in the central nervous system are astrocytes, microglia, ependymal cells, and oligodendrocytes. Astrocytes help form the blood-brain barrier and regulate synaptic transmission, while microglia act as immune cells that remove debris. Oligodendrocy
Nerve and muscle
This document provides information on the structure and function of neurons and nerve fibers. It discusses the key parts of neurons including the cell body, axon, and dendrites. It describes how neurons communicate through electrical signals called action potentials, which involve the movement of sodium and potassium ions across the neuronal membrane. The document also discusses how neurons are classified, how they transmit signals through chemical synapses using neurotransmitters, and how myelin sheaths allow for faster signal conduction.
Epithelium.pptx
- Epithelium is a tissue that covers external surfaces of the body and lines internal organs and cavities. It is composed of closely packed cells and performs diverse functions like secretion, absorption, protection, and sensation.
- Epithelial cells exhibit polarity with distinct apical, lateral, and basal domains. The apical surface contains microvilli, stereocilia, or cilia that increase surface area. The basal surface attaches to the basement membrane.
- Epithelia are classified based on cell layers (simple vs stratified) and cell shape (cuboidal, columnar, squamous). Tight junctions between cells form a barrier and anchorages attach cells. Gap junctions allow cell-
Biology ppt(cell)
- The cell is the basic unit of structure and function of all living organisms. Cells were first discovered by Robert Hooke in 1665.
- The cell theory states that all living things are made of cells, new cells are produced from existing cells, and cells are the basic units of life.
- Cells come in a wide range of sizes, from bacteria which are 0.1-0.5 micrometers, to ostrich egg cells which are 170x130 mm.
- Key parts of the cell include the cell membrane, cytoplasm, organelles like mitochondria and ribosomes, the nucleus containing DNA, and structures that vary between plant and animal cells like chloroplasts and vacuoles.
2. tissue level of organization
This document provides information on the four basic tissue types - epithelial, connective, muscle and nervous tissue. It describes each tissue type in detail, including their characteristic roles and functions. For epithelial tissue, it discusses the different classifications including simple and stratified epithelium as well as glandular tissues. It also covers the key components and functions of connective, muscle and nervous tissues.
Neuroglial cells _neurons
There are four major types of neuroglial cells in the central nervous system: astrocytes, ependymal cells, microglial cells, and oligodendrocytes. Astrocytes regulate the flow of ions and molecules to and from neurons. Ependymal cells line the brain ventricles and spinal cord canal and produce cerebrospinal fluid. Microglial cells support neurons by phagocytizing dead cells and debris. Oligodendrocytes insulate axons with myelin to speed signal transmission between neurons.
Similar to nerve physiology 2..pptx (20)
Neuroanatomy and neuroscience_at_a_glance_2012_barker_revision_notes
Neuroanatomy and neuroscience_at_a_glance_2012_barker_revision_notes
More from Dr. Arun Gaware, Dept. Of Zoology, Shri Shivaji Arts, Commerce and Science College, Motala, Buldhana
Dr. Morey Madam RC.pptx
Dr. Morey Madam RC.pptxDr. Arun Gaware, Dept. Of Zoology, Shri Shivaji Arts, Commerce and Science College, Motala, Buldhana
The document summarizes the morphology, life cycle, and colony organization of honey bees. It also describes the traditional and modern methods of beekeeping.
1) Honey bees have three body parts - a head, thorax, and abdomen. The head contains antennae and mouthparts. The thorax contains legs and wings. The abdomen contains a sting and glands.
2) A honey bee colony contains one queen, thousands of workers, and hundreds of drones. The queen lays fertilized and unfertilized eggs which become workers or drones. Workers perform tasks like cleaning, feeding larvae, guarding, and foraging.
3) Modern beekeeping uses movable frame hives to allow extraction of honeyScoliodon Morphology.pptx
Scoliodon Morphology.pptxDr. Arun Gaware, Dept. Of Zoology, Shri Shivaji Arts, Commerce and Science College, Motala, Buldhana
- The document describes the dogfish (Scoliodon sarrokawah), a type of small shark.
- It lives in open seas and feeds on fish, crabs, and other crustaceans. It has a laterally compressed body up to 60cm long with dark gray top and pale white bottom.
- Its skin is rough due to embedded placoid scales, which form an exoskeleton. This protects it and reduces friction in water.Chordata ppt.ppt
Chordata ppt.pptDr. Arun Gaware, Dept. Of Zoology, Shri Shivaji Arts, Commerce and Science College, Motala, Buldhana
The document discusses chordates, a phylum of animals that possess a notochord. It describes the key characteristics of chordates including the presence of a notochord, pharyngeal slits, a post-anal tail, and a closed circulatory system. Chordates are divided into four subphyla: protochordates, urochordates, cephalochordates, and vertebrates.Excretory organs in Amphioxus.pptx
Excretory organs in Amphioxus.pptxDr. Arun Gaware, Dept. Of Zoology, Shri Shivaji Arts, Commerce and Science College, Motala, Buldhana
This document discusses the excretory organs and reproductive system of the lancelet (Branchiostoma). It notes that the lancelet's excretory organs called nephridia develop from ectodermal cells, unlike the mesodermal kidneys of other chordates. The nephridia resemble the protonephridia of flatworms and annelids. The document also describes the lancelet's gonads, noting that the two sexes are separate but indistinguishable. Fertilization is external and gametes are released into the sea water during breeding season in late spring/early summer.Reptilia.pptx
Reptilia.pptxDr. Arun Gaware, Dept. Of Zoology, Shri Shivaji Arts, Commerce and Science College, Motala, Buldhana
The document summarizes the anatomy and physiology of the Oriental Garden Lizard (Calotes versicolor). It describes its external features, internal structures including its circulatory, excretory, and reproductive systems. Key points include that it is a common arboreal lizard found in South Asia, it is insectivorous but also preys on smaller animals, and the male has brightly colored scales while the female has duller coloring.Amphibia.pptx
Amphibia.pptxDr. Arun Gaware, Dept. Of Zoology, Shri Shivaji Arts, Commerce and Science College, Motala, Buldhana
Class Amphibia includes frogs, toads, salamanders and newts. They are small vertebrates that need water or moist environments to survive. They have thin, moist skin that allows for cutaneous respiration. They also have lungs and can breathe through their skin and mouth. The document then discusses the characteristics of amphibians, including having both aquatic and terrestrial stages of life. It provides details on the Indian bullfrog (Rana tigrina) as a type study, including its distribution, habitats, locomotion, feeding, breeding and other behaviors. The rest of the document describes anatomical features of R. tigrina such as its streamlined body shape, smooth skin, limbs adapted for jumping andAmphioxus.pptx
Amphioxus.pptxDr. Arun Gaware, Dept. Of Zoology, Shri Shivaji Arts, Commerce and Science College, Motala, Buldhana
- Branchiostoma, commonly known as the lancelet, is a small marine chordate found in shallow waters.
- It displays the simple primitive chordate condition, possessing the three defining chordate characteristics - notochord, dorsal nerve cord, and pharyngeal slits.
- The elongated and laterally compressed body has a pointed snout and tail, with dorsal, caudal, and ventral fins. The transparent body wall encloses myotomes and gonads.Circulatory system.pptx
Circulatory system.pptxDr. Arun Gaware, Dept. Of Zoology, Shri Shivaji Arts, Commerce and Science College, Motala, Buldhana
The circulatory system of the shark Scoliodon consists of blood, a heart, arteries and veins. The heart has four chambers - sinus venosus, auricle, ventricle, and conus arteriosus. Blood enters the heart through the sinus venosus and is pumped through the arteries to the body and gills before returning to the heart through the veins to complete the circulatory loop. Valves in the heart prevent backflow of blood between chambers during pumping.More from Dr. Arun Gaware, Dept. Of Zoology, Shri Shivaji Arts, Commerce and Science College, Motala, Buldhana (8)
Recently uploaded
8.Isolation of pure cultures and preservation of cultures.pdf
Isolation of pure culture, its various method.
20240520 Planning a Circuit Simulator in JavaScript.pptx
Evaporation step counter work. I have done a physical experiment.
(Work in progress.)
THEMATIC APPERCEPTION TEST(TAT) cognitive abilities, creativity, and critic...
THEMATIC APPERCEPTION TEST(TAT) cognitive abilities, creativity, and critic...Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan,kP,Pakistan
hematic appreciation test is a psychological assessment tool used to measure an individual's appreciation and understanding of specific themes or topics. This test helps to evaluate an individual's ability to connect different ideas and concepts within a given theme, as well as their overall comprehension and interpretation skills. The results of the test can provide valuable insights into an individual's cognitive abilities, creativity, and critical thinking skillsDeep Software Variability and Frictionless Reproducibility
Deep Software Variability and Frictionless ReproducibilityUniversity of Rennes, INSA Rennes, Inria/IRISA, CNRS
The ability to recreate computational results with minimal effort and actionable metrics provides a solid foundation for scientific research and software development. When people can replicate an analysis at the touch of a button using open-source software, open data, and methods to assess and compare proposals, it significantly eases verification of results, engagement with a diverse range of contributors, and progress. However, we have yet to fully achieve this; there are still many sociotechnical frictions.
Inspired by David Donoho's vision, this talk aims to revisit the three crucial pillars of frictionless reproducibility (data sharing, code sharing, and competitive challenges) with the perspective of deep software variability.
Our observation is that multiple layers — hardware, operating systems, third-party libraries, software versions, input data, compile-time options, and parameters — are subject to variability that exacerbates frictions but is also essential for achieving robust, generalizable results and fostering innovation. I will first review the literature, providing evidence of how the complex variability interactions across these layers affect qualitative and quantitative software properties, thereby complicating the reproduction and replication of scientific studies in various fields.
I will then present some software engineering and AI techniques that can support the strategic exploration of variability spaces. These include the use of abstractions and models (e.g., feature models), sampling strategies (e.g., uniform, random), cost-effective measurements (e.g., incremental build of software configurations), and dimensionality reduction methods (e.g., transfer learning, feature selection, software debloating).
I will finally argue that deep variability is both the problem and solution of frictionless reproducibility, calling the software science community to develop new methods and tools to manage variability and foster reproducibility in software systems.
Exposé invité Journées Nationales du GDR GPL 2024
Bob Reedy - Nitrate in Texas Groundwater.pdf
Presented at June 6-7 Texas Alliance of Groundwater Districts Business Meeting
The debris of the ‘last major merger’ is dynamically young
The Milky Way’s (MW) inner stellar halo contains an [Fe/H]-rich component with highly eccentric orbits, often referred to as the
‘last major merger.’ Hypotheses for the origin of this component include Gaia-Sausage/Enceladus (GSE), where the progenitor
collided with the MW proto-disc 8–11 Gyr ago, and the Virgo Radial Merger (VRM), where the progenitor collided with the
MW disc within the last 3 Gyr. These two scenarios make different predictions about observable structure in local phase space,
because the morphology of debris depends on how long it has had to phase mix. The recently identified phase-space folds in Gaia
DR3 have positive caustic velocities, making them fundamentally different than the phase-mixed chevrons found in simulations
at late times. Roughly 20 per cent of the stars in the prograde local stellar halo are associated with the observed caustics. Based
on a simple phase-mixing model, the observed number of caustics are consistent with a merger that occurred 1–2 Gyr ago.
We also compare the observed phase-space distribution to FIRE-2 Latte simulations of GSE-like mergers, using a quantitative
measurement of phase mixing (2D causticality). The observed local phase-space distribution best matches the simulated data
1–2 Gyr after collision, and certainly not later than 3 Gyr. This is further evidence that the progenitor of the ‘last major merger’
did not collide with the MW proto-disc at early times, as is thought for the GSE, but instead collided with the MW disc within
the last few Gyr, consistent with the body of work surrounding the VRM.
Remote Sensing and Computational, Evolutionary, Supercomputing, and Intellige...
Remote Sensing and Computational, Evolutionary, Supercomputing, and Intellige...University of Maribor
Slides from talk:
Aleš Zamuda: Remote Sensing and Computational, Evolutionary, Supercomputing, and Intelligent Systems.
11th International Conference on Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering (IcETRAN), Niš, 3-6 June 2024
Inter-Society Networking Panel GRSS/MTT-S/CIS Panel Session: Promoting Connection and Cooperation
https://www.etran.rs/2024/en/home-english/BREEDING METHODS FOR DISEASE RESISTANCE.pptx
Plant breeding for disease resistance is a strategy to reduce crop losses caused by disease. Plants have an innate immune system that allows them to recognize pathogens and provide resistance. However, breeding for long-lasting resistance often involves combining multiple resistance genes
原版制作(carleton毕业证书)卡尔顿大学毕业证硕士文凭原版一模一样
原版纸张【微信：741003700 】【(carleton毕业证书)卡尔顿大学毕业证】【微信：741003700 】学位证，留信认证（真实可查，永久存档）offer、雅思、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。
本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原海外各大学 Bachelor Diploma degree, Master Degree Diploma
1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问Q/微741003700
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
Thornton ESPP slides UK WW Network 4_6_24.pdf
ESPP presentation to EU Waste Water Network, 4th June 2024 “EU policies driving nutrient removal and recycling
and the revised UWWTD (Urban Waste Water Treatment Directive)”
Phenomics assisted breeding in crop improvement
As the population is increasing and will reach about 9 billion upto 2050. Also due to climate change, it is difficult to meet the food requirement of such a large population. Facing the challenges presented by resource shortages, climate
change, and increasing global population, crop yield and quality need to be improved in a sustainable way over the coming decades. Genetic improvement by breeding is the best way to increase crop productivity. With the rapid progression of functional
genomics, an increasing number of crop genomes have been sequenced and dozens of genes influencing key agronomic traits have been identified. However, current genome sequence information has not been adequately exploited for understanding
the complex characteristics of multiple gene, owing to a lack of crop phenotypic data. Efficient, automatic, and accurate technologies and platforms that can capture phenotypic data that can
be linked to genomics information for crop improvement at all growth stages have become as important as genotyping. Thus,
high-throughput phenotyping has become the major bottleneck restricting crop breeding. Plant phenomics has been defined as the high-throughput, accurate acquisition and analysis of multi-dimensional phenotypes
during crop growing stages at the organism level, including the cell, tissue, organ, individual plant, plot, and field levels. With the rapid development of novel sensors, imaging technology,
and analysis methods, numerous infrastructure platforms have been developed for phenotyping.
The use of Nauplii and metanauplii artemia in aquaculture (brine shrimp).pptx
Although Artemia has been known to man for centuries, its use as a food for the culture of larval organisms apparently began only in the 1930s, when several investigators found that it made an excellent food for newly hatched fish larvae (Litvinenko et al., 2023). As aquaculture developed in the 1960s and ‘70s, the use of Artemia also became more widespread, due both to its convenience and to its nutritional value for larval organisms (Arenas-Pardo et al., 2024). The fact that Artemia dormant cysts can be stored for long periods in cans, and then used as an off-the-shelf food requiring only 24 h of incubation makes them the most convenient, least labor-intensive, live food available for aquaculture (Sorgeloos & Roubach, 2021). The nutritional value of Artemia, especially for marine organisms, is not constant, but varies both geographically and temporally. During the last decade, however, both the causes of Artemia nutritional variability and methods to improve poorquality Artemia have been identified (Loufi et al., 2024).
Brine shrimp (Artemia spp.) are used in marine aquaculture worldwide. Annually, more than 2,000 metric tons of dry cysts are used for cultivation of fish, crustacean, and shellfish larva. Brine shrimp are important to aquaculture because newly hatched brine shrimp nauplii (larvae) provide a food source for many fish fry (Mozanzadeh et al., 2021). Culture and harvesting of brine shrimp eggs represents another aspect of the aquaculture industry. Nauplii and metanauplii of Artemia, commonly known as brine shrimp, play a crucial role in aquaculture due to their nutritional value and suitability as live feed for many aquatic species, particularly in larval stages (Sorgeloos & Roubach, 2021).
Randomised Optimisation Algorithms in DAPHNE
Slides from talk:
Aleš Zamuda: Randomised Optimisation Algorithms in DAPHNE .
Austrian-Slovenian HPC Meeting 2024 – ASHPC24, Seeblickhotel Grundlsee in Austria, 10–13 June 2024
https://ashpc.eu/
What is greenhouse gasses and how many gasses are there to affect the Earth.
What are greenhouse gasses how they affect the earth and its environment what is the future of the environment and earth how the weather and the climate effects.
Equivariant neural networks and representation theory
Or: Beyond linear.
Abstract: Equivariant neural networks are neural networks that incorporate symmetries. The nonlinear activation functions in these networks result in interesting nonlinear equivariant maps between simple representations, and motivate the key player of this talk: piecewise linear representation theory.
Disclaimer: No one is perfect, so please mind that there might be mistakes and typos.
dtubbenhauer@gmail.com
Corrected slides: dtubbenhauer.com/talks.html
The binding of cosmological structures by massless topological defects
Assuming spherical symmetry and weak field, it is shown that if one solves the Poisson equation or the Einstein field
equations sourced by a topological defect, i.e. a singularity of a very specific form, the result is a localized gravitational
field capable of driving flat rotation (i.e. Keplerian circular orbits at a constant speed for all radii) of test masses on a thin
spherical shell without any underlying mass. Moreover, a large-scale structure which exploits this solution by assembling
concentrically a number of such topological defects can establish a flat stellar or galactic rotation curve, and can also deflect
light in the same manner as an equipotential (isothermal) sphere. Thus, the need for dark matter or modified gravity theory is
mitigated, at least in part.
EWOCS-I: The catalog of X-ray sources in Westerlund 1 from the Extended Weste...
Context. With a mass exceeding several 104 M⊙ and a rich and dense population of massive stars, supermassive young star clusters
represent the most massive star-forming environment that is dominated by the feedback from massive stars and gravitational interactions
among stars.
Aims. In this paper we present the Extended Westerlund 1 and 2 Open Clusters Survey (EWOCS) project, which aims to investigate
the influence of the starburst environment on the formation of stars and planets, and on the evolution of both low and high mass stars.
The primary targets of this project are Westerlund 1 and 2, the closest supermassive star clusters to the Sun.
Methods. The project is based primarily on recent observations conducted with the Chandra and JWST observatories. Specifically,
the Chandra survey of Westerlund 1 consists of 36 new ACIS-I observations, nearly co-pointed, for a total exposure time of 1 Msec.
Additionally, we included 8 archival Chandra/ACIS-S observations. This paper presents the resulting catalog of X-ray sources within
and around Westerlund 1. Sources were detected by combining various existing methods, and photon extraction and source validation
were carried out using the ACIS-Extract software.
Results. The EWOCS X-ray catalog comprises 5963 validated sources out of the 9420 initially provided to ACIS-Extract, reaching a
photon flux threshold of approximately 2 × 10−8 photons cm−2
s
−1
. The X-ray sources exhibit a highly concentrated spatial distribution,
with 1075 sources located within the central 1 arcmin. We have successfully detected X-ray emissions from 126 out of the 166 known
massive stars of the cluster, and we have collected over 71 000 photons from the magnetar CXO J164710.20-455217.
Recently uploaded (20)
8.Isolation of pure cultures and preservation of cultures.pdf
8.Isolation of pure cultures and preservation of cultures.pdf
20240520 Planning a Circuit Simulator in JavaScript.pptx
20240520 Planning a Circuit Simulator in JavaScript.pptx
THEMATIC APPERCEPTION TEST(TAT) cognitive abilities, creativity, and critic...
THEMATIC APPERCEPTION TEST(TAT) cognitive abilities, creativity, and critic...
Deep Software Variability and Frictionless Reproducibility
Deep Software Variability and Frictionless Reproducibility
The debris of the ‘last major merger’ is dynamically young
The debris of the ‘last major merger’ is dynamically young
Remote Sensing and Computational, Evolutionary, Supercomputing, and Intellige...
Remote Sensing and Computational, Evolutionary, Supercomputing, and Intellige...
The use of Nauplii and metanauplii artemia in aquaculture (brine shrimp).pptx
The use of Nauplii and metanauplii artemia in aquaculture (brine shrimp).pptx
What is greenhouse gasses and how many gasses are there to affect the Earth.
What is greenhouse gasses and how many gasses are there to affect the Earth.
Equivariant neural networks and representation theory
Equivariant neural networks and representation theory
The binding of cosmological structures by massless topological defects
The binding of cosmological structures by massless topological defects
EWOCS-I: The catalog of X-ray sources in Westerlund 1 from the Extended Weste...
EWOCS-I: The catalog of X-ray sources in Westerlund 1 from the Extended Weste...
nerve physiology 2..pptx
- 1. Types of Neurons Dr. Chitra D. Morey Dept. of Zoology, Shri Shivaji College, Motala, Buldhana
- 2. TYPES OF NEURONS: NEURONS ARE CELLS WITHIN THE NERVOUS SYSTEM/ BASIC WORKING UNIT OF THE BRAIN THAT TRANSMIT INFORMATION TO OTHER NERVE CELLS, MUSCLE, GLAND CELLS. • NEURON IS THE STRUCTURAL AND FUNCTIONAL UNIT OF NERVOUS SYSTEM. • HISTOLOGICALLY, THE NEURONS ARE CATEGARISED INTO TWO CATEGARIES: • A) MYELINATED OR MEDULLATED NEURONS. • B) NON- MYELINATED OR NON-MEDULLATED NEURONS.
- 3. A) MYELINATED OR MEDULLATED NEURONS: • The axons, both in vertebrates and invertebrates are often covered with a sheath called the myelinsheath. • Such fibres ( axons) are called myelinated fibres. • Usually fibres of larger diameter are myelinated. • In mammals, all fibres larger than 1u in diameter are covered with myelin sheath. • The structure of myelinated fibres is complicated. • The axon is surrounded by myelin sheath. • The central core of axon is called axoplasm, which is pasty ( semifluid) in nature.
- 4. • The axoplasm is surrounded by membrane called axolemma. • Outside the axis of axon lies myelin sheath. • The myelin sheath is surrounded by the Cytoplasm of special type of cell called schawnn cells. • Infact , the schawnn cells repeatedly surrounds the axis with many concentric rings of its cell wall to form myelin sheath of particular region. • The myelin sheath provides both mechanical and electrical insulation to the axon.
- 5. • At regular intervals there is an apparently Constricted area called ‘node of Ranvier’ • At the node of Ranvier there is no myelin sheath. • The neurilemma is in direct contact with the axis of axon. • The portion between two successive nodes Called internode. • The presence of nodes and internodes gives the appearance of bamboo stick. • The myelin sheath is made up of lipid material and is particularly rich in sphingomyelin ( a phospholipid). • Myelin has whitish appearance.
- 6. • The white matter of brain look white because they are myelinated fibres. • Each node of myelinated axon fibre contain one and only one nucleus. • Deosition of myelin sheath:- myelination begins at 4th month of intrauterine life and the process is completed a few years after birth.
- 7. NON-MYELINATED OR NON – MEDULATED NEURONS: • There is no diposotion of myelin sheath. • The diameter of these nerve fibres are very small. • There is no nodes of Ranvier. • Schawan cells are also associated with non- myelunated fibres. • In some cases a number of non-myelinated fibres pass through a single schawnn cells which acts as a supporting structure.
- 8. IMPORTANCE OF MYELIN SHEATH: • Propagation of action potential is very fast in myelinated fibres but slow in non- myelinated fibres. • This is because the saltatory conduction is possible only in a myelinated fibres. • Myelination, thus result in quick mobility in the higher animals.
- 9. NEURONS ARE DIVIDED INTO FOUR MAJOR TYPES: UNIPOLAR, BIPOLAR, MULTIPOLAR, AND PSEUDOUNIPOLAR. UNIPOLAR NEURONS HAVE ONLY ONE STRUCTURE EXTENDING FROM THE SOMA; BIPOLAR NEURONS HAVE ONE AXON AND ONE DENDRITE EXTENDING FROM THE SOMA. MULTIPOLAR NEURONS CONTAIN ONE AXON AND MANY DENDRITES; PSEUDOUNIPOLAR NEURONS HAVE A SINGLE STRUCTURE THAT EXTENDS FROM THE SOMA, WHICH LATER BRANCHES INTO TWO DISTINCT STRUCTURES.