This document provides information about the nephron, which is the structural and functional unit of the kidney. It discusses the different types of nephrons, the anatomical divisions including the renal corpuscle and renal tubules. It describes the functions of the proximal convoluted tubule, loop of Henle, distal convoluted tubule and collecting duct in reabsorbing substances like water, ions and regulating acid-base balance. The nephron plays an important role in filtering blood to form urine and maintaining homeostasis in the body.