Nepali Modern history, Information, rana regime, maoist insurgency, new constitution, women in power, top of the world, festivals, and more... also information regarding Bhutanese Nepali Refugees

2. Nepal
• A landlocked country between India and China
• Area of Land:147181 Sq. Km
• Population- 29,070,583
• Capital- Kathmandu
• Currency: Nepalese Rupees (1 USD = 107 Nepalese Rupees) NPR
• Government: Federal Democratic Republic
• Main Language: Nepali
• Religion: Hinduism 81%
• 101 Ethnics groups
• 92 Spoken Languages
• 2nd richest country in Hydroelectricity
In the world next to Brazil
• Altitude is from 70 M to
8848 M from the sea level
Religions-
• Buddhism(10%)
• Islam(4.3%)
• Christianity(3.7%)
•Kirat & Others (1%)

3. Founder of modern Nepal: the great king
Prithivi Narayan Shah
The first King of unified
Nepal. He is credited for
starting the campaign for
a Unified Nepal, for Gorkha
kingdom expansion. He was
the ninth generation
descendant of Dravya Shah
the founder of the ruling
house of Gorkha. Prithvi
Narayan Shah succeeded his
father, King Nara Bhupal
Shah, to the throne of
the Gorkha Kingdom in
1743, at the age of 20.

4. Nepal Before 1816
Greater Nepal is a concept of Nepal extending beyond it’s present boundaries to include present
day Indian territories controlled briefly by the Gurkha army after defeating some South Asian
kingdoms in wars fought from 1791 to 1804 but ceded to the East India Company under the Sugauli
Treaty(treaty for Partition of Nepal) after the Gurkha king was defeated in the 1814–16 Anglo-
Nepalese War. The Treaty of Sugauli, between the Gorkhali king and the Company, was ratified in
1816. It caused Nepal to lose about 105,000 km2 of territory and left Nepal as she is today, with
147,181 km2 of present total area

5. Anglo –Nepalese war & Sugauli Treaty

6. Heroes of Anglo Nepalese War
Bagh Amar Singh Thapa, Bir Balbhadra
Kunwar and Grand old man Bhakti Thapa

7. GURKHAS
“If I had Gurkhas (Nepalese), no armies in the world will defeat me. “
- Adolf Hitler
“If a man says he is not afraid of dying, he is either lying or he is a
Gurkha (Nepalese).”
– Former Chief of staff of the Indian Army, Field Marshal Sam
Manekshaw

8. NEPAL after 1816

9. Rana Regime
(1846–1951) in Nepal, the period during
which control of the government lay in the
hands of the Rana family. Jung Bahadur
Rana (1817–77) seized power in 1846 and
made himself permanent Prime Minister.
He was given the hereditary title of
Rana.Nine Rana rulers took the hereditary
office(s) of Prime Minister, Supreme
Commander-in-Chief and Grand Master of
the Royal Orders.

10. Democracy in 1951
The revolution of 1951 (Nepali: सात सालको क्रान्तत ) in Nepal, also referred to
as Sat Salko Kranti ("Revolution of 2007 BS"), was a political movement against
the direct rule by the Rana Family of Nepal. It marks the beginning of the political
awakening and democratic movements in Nepal, and resulted in immediate
abolition of the institutionalized hereditary Prime Minister system in Nepal.
16th Magh is commemorated as Martyrs day in our country. It is the day when
enthusiastic youths were killed for democracy by the autocratic Rana ruler.

11. Panchayt era;
King Mahendra was born in 11 June 1920. He is the Successor of
King Tribhuwan. He was Crowned on 2 May 1956. In 15 December
1960,King Mahendra suspended the constitution, dissolved the
elected parliament, dismissed the cabinet, imposed direct rule and
imprisoned the then prime minister Bishweshwar Prasad Koirala
and his closest government colleagues. King Mahendra instituted a
Panchayat hierarchical system of village, district and national
councils, a variant of guided democracy. He pursued a foreign
policy of neutrality between China and India. Mahendra suffered a
heart attack while hunting in Chitwan in 31 January 1972 .His
death is still mysterious.

12. Maoist Insurgency
The Maoist(Maowadi) (labeled the People’s war by then CPN(Maoist)) was an
armed conflict against The Government of Nepal (then HMG of Nepal) fought from
1996 to 2006. The rebellion was launched by the Communist Party of Nepal
(Maoist) on 13 February 1996 with the main aim of overthrowing the Nepalese
Monarchy and establishing a People’s Republic. It ended with the Comprehensive
Peace Accord signed on 21 November 2006.

13. Nepalese royal massacre; we lost most popular King
The Nepalese Royal Massacre occurred on 1 June 2001, at a house on the grounds of the Narayanhity Royal Palace, the residence of the
Nepalese monarchy. Ten members of the family were killed during a party or monthly reunion dinner of the royal family in the house. The dead
included King Birendra of Nepal and Queen Aishwarya.
Later, upon his father's death, Prince Dipendra became de jure King of Nepal while in coma, and he died in the hospital three days after the
massacre without recovering from this coma.Birendra's brother Gyanendra became king after the massacre and the death of King Dipendra

14. King Gynendra in Power and Throne; Now, Nepal is a
Federal Republic
Gyanendra Bir Bikram Shah Dev (Nepali: ज्ञानेतर शाह; born 7 July 1947)
was the last King of Nepal from 2001 to 2008. As a child, he was also
briefly king from 1950 to 1951, when his grandfather, Tribhuvan, went into
exile in India with the rest of his family. Following the Nepalese royal
massacre in 2001, he again became king
The growing insurgency of the Nepalese Civil War during King
Gyanendra's reign interfered with elections of representatives. After
several delays in elections, King Gyanendra suspended the constitution
and assumed direct authority in February 2005, assuring that it would be a
temporary situation to suppress the Maoist insurgency. In the face of
broad opposition, he restored the previous parliament in April 2006. His
reign ended approximately two years later, when the Nepalese Constituent
Assembly declared Nepal a republic and abolished the monarchy.

15. New Constitution 2015
Nepal is governed according to the Constitution which came into effect on Sept 20,
2015, replacing the Interim Constitution of 2007.
The Constitution was drafted by the Second Constituent Assembly following the
failure of the First Constituent Assembly to produce a constitution in its mandated
period. The constitution was endorsed by 90% of the total lawmakers. Out of 598
CA members, 538 voted in favor of the constitution while 60 voted against it,
including few Terai based political parties refrained from the voting process

16. President: Bidhya Devi
Bhandari
Chief Justice; Supreme
Court; Sushila Karki
Woman in Power;

17. Speaker of Parliament:
Onsari Gharti Magar
Commissioner of National
Information commission:
Yashoda Devi Timsina
Women in Power;

18. National Parks & Conservation Area

19. Mount Everest (8848 M)
Mount Kanchenjunga
(8586 M)
Highest Mountains

20. Lhotse (8516 M) Makalu (8463 M)
Highest Mountains

21. Cho Yu (8201 M) Dhaulagiri (8167 M)
Highest Mountains

22. Manaslu (8156 M) Annapurna (8091 M)
Highest Mountains

23. Biggest Lake RARA
Tilicho Lake in Highest
Altitude (4949 M)
Lakes

24. Dashain
Festivals
Dashain

25. Holi: Festival of Colors

26. Dipawali or Tihar

27. Other Festivals, Buddha Purnima, Shivaratri, Teej, Sakela,
Lhosar,Chhat
and many more

28. Different ethnics group

29. Religions
Buddha, Hindu, Christian, Jain, Muslim & Kirat

30. Lumbini;Birth Place of Gautam
Buddha
World Heritage Sites

31. World Heritage sites
Bhaktapur Darbar square, Pashupatinath, Swyambhu& Changu Narayan

32. Patan Darbar Square Bouddha Stupa
World heritage sites

33. Trekking Mountain Climbing
Adventurous

34. Paragliding Bungee Jump
Adventurous

35. Cannoning Jungle Safari
Adventurous

36. Rafting
Golf
Adventurous

37. Mountain Flight Zip Flying
Adventurous

38. Living Goddess; Kumari
Kumari, or Kumari Devi, or Living Goddess – Nepal is the tradition of
worshipping young pre-pubescent girls as manifestations of the divine female energy
or Devi in Hindu religious traditions. The word Kumari is derived from
the Sanskrit Kaumarya, meaning "princess"

39. Nepali Food

40. Bhutan
 Bhutan is a small South Asian Buddhist kingdom between
two powerful neighbours – China and India.
 .

41. History of Bhutanese Nepali refugees
 The first report of people of Nepalese origin in Bhutan was around
1620.The Bhutanese King commissioned some craftsmen to build
Buddha stupa.
 In 1990 the Bhutanese government (monarchy) implemented harsh
rules One Person-One Language-One Religion-One Culture. The
Bhutanese had to provide proof of 20 years continuous residence in
Bhutan and knowledge of the language and culture of Bhutanese
Community.
 The Nepalese origin people did not fit the criteria because most of
them were Hindu and couldn’t speak Bhutanese language and
unknown to Bhutanese Culture.
 This lead to one of the largest ethnic (People of Nepali origin)
expulsions in the world. Most Nepalese Origin Bhutanese came to
Nepal.

42. Reality : Having all proofs

43. Basic Facts (2007)
• Refugee Population : 108,000 (Approx.)
• 95% : Lhotshampa or Southern
Bhutanese.
• Location : Seven Camps in Eastern
Nepal.
• Arrival in Nepal : Early 1990’s (most by
1995).
• Status in Nepal : Prima facie refugees
under UNHCR mandate.

44. Religion and Ethnicity (2007)
 Hindu – largest group (60-70%)
 Buddhists – (20-25%)
 Kirat (indigenous) - (5-8%)
 Christians – (2-3%)
 Over 50 ethnic and caste groups in the camps

45. 7 Camps in eastern Nepal

46. Camp 1 Camp 2
Camps

47. So called ‘Education’ in camps

48. No where..
Bhutan will not let the people
return because they are not of pure
Bhutanese ethnic origin.
Nepal will not let them out of the
refugee camps and into the country
because they are Bhutanese.

49. Resettlement in 8 countries
Australia, Canada, Denmark, Netherlands, New
Zealand, Norway, United Kingdom &
United States of America

50. More in the US (nearly 87%)

51. Remaining in …
1. Australia (2nd)
2. Canada (3rd)
3. New Zealand (4th)
and some in …..
4. Netherlands
5. Denmark
6. Norway
7. United Kingdom

52. 2008 : 5 thousand 320
2009 : 13 thousand 432
2010 : 12 thousand 363
2011 : 14 thousand 999
2012 : 15 thousand 70
2013 : 9 thousand 134
2014 : 8 thousand 434
2015 : 5 thousand 775
2016-2017: 7 thousand 776
Total : 92 thousand 323*

53. In more than 40 states

54. More in ..
1. Ohio
2. Pennsylvania
3. Texas
4. New York
6. Georgia

55. Thank you USA for Supporting Our Bhutanese
Nepali Refugees