This document summarizes the presentation "Public administration in the context of good governance: locus, focus & boundaries of reforms with special reference to nepal" given by Ram prasad ghimire. The presentation discusses Nepal's administrative reforms over time, trends in global public administration, Nepal's governance challenges, and recent initiatives to improve the civil service and reduce corruption. Key reforms discussed include establishing clear roles for political and administrative authorities, improving selection of competent civil servants, increasing training opportunities, and implementing performance contracts. The presentation evaluates achievements of the reforms but also acknowledges ongoing challenges to establishing effective governance in Nepal.
Public Policy Formulation and Analysis-1: Definition, Process,& ChallengesShahid Hussain Raja
This is part 1 of the 3-part Course on Public Policy Formulation. This course explains the way policies are formulated, the steps involved and the activities to be performed in the various steps. It also explains the main features of a good public policy and discusses it with reference to policy formulation in Pakistan
In this presentation, we will be discussing the features of public policy, six stages of public policy formulation, & challenges faced
1. The document discusses ethics in the Nepalese civil service sector, which has become dysfunctional, politicized, and incapable of acceptable performance due to a deterioration of moral and ethical values.
2. It aims to highlight the moral crisis from the devaluation of ethics that has affected society and provide suggestions to improve the system without radical changes.
3. The prevailing political environment and lack of accountability have contributed to an erosion of public service ethics and an increase in unethical practices in the Nepalese bureaucracy.
New Public Management (NPM) emerged in the 1980s as an administrative reform approach that sought to improve public sector management by importing private sector business concepts and values. Key elements of NPM include an emphasis on hands-on management, explicit performance standards and measures, output controls rather than input controls, increased competition and contracting, and cost-cutting efficiency. For NPM approaches to be successful, a country requires a reasonable level of economic development, an established rule of law and judicial system, a functioning Weberian bureaucratic system, and strong state institutional, technical, and administrative capacity.
Integrating Gender in Extension in BangladeshINGENAES
Agricultural extension services to farmers
Training: Farmers, extension workers, other stakeholders
Technology Transfer: New technologies to farmers
Issues DAE
Reviewed Documents No. 100
Relevant to gender and extension 50
4/10/2017
50
Gender & Extension
Others
50
DAE
4/10/2017
22
Organizational Commitment DAE
Issues DAE
Achievements
- Reached to farmers at grassroots level
- Introduced new technologies
- Organized farmers into groups
- Conducted training
- Published leaflets, booklets
Gaps
- Lack of gender sensitive approach
- Women participation is
This document provides an overview of public policy for students in public policy and economics programs. It defines key terms related to public policy, examines the nature and characteristics of public policy, and discusses the importance of public policy and some common policy areas. The lecturer defines a policy as a purposive course of action by a government or group to influence decisions. Public policy involves government actions and decisions in response to public problems. Characteristics of public policy include being goal-oriented, made by public authorities, and consisting of patterns of actions over time. The relationship between politics and policy is also examined.
The Bangladesh Election Commission is established by the constitution to oversee elections. It consists of a Chief Election Commissioner and up to four other Commissioners appointed by the President. To be eligible to vote, one must be a Bangladeshi citizen over 18, of sound mind, a resident of the constituency, and not convicted of certain offenses.
The Commission's powers and functions include conducting free and fair elections, implementing the electoral code of conduct, preparing voter rolls, delimiting constituencies, resolving disputes, overseeing candidate and party finances, registering parties, and limiting campaign spending. However, it faces challenges like ensuring a level playing field for all parties and gaining the trust of major political parties.
Financial Autonomy and Central-local relationship at Union Parishad Level in ...Ahasan Uddin Bhuiyan
The origin of the root level local government bears a long history in this subcontinent. The existence of village councilors can be traced out from Kautillya’s Arthashastra during Mauriyan dynasty .
It is Union Parishad that is the grass root level administrative organ of the government in Bangladesh . It is known fact that the local body like union parishad should have autonomy in both financial and administrative decision making . But in fact , in Bangladesh, this important tier of local government is highly dominated and controlled by the central government .
As a part of academic curriculum, I was assigned to conduct a field work on financial autonomy , central-local relationship at union level in Bangladesh . The findings of my field work are discussed in this assignment .
Session for State Resource Centres for Women to understand and identify entry points for doing Gender Budgeting in the changed fiscal scenario in India
Public Policy Formulation and Analysis-1: Definition, Process,& ChallengesShahid Hussain Raja
This is part 1 of the 3-part Course on Public Policy Formulation. This course explains the way policies are formulated, the steps involved and the activities to be performed in the various steps. It also explains the main features of a good public policy and discusses it with reference to policy formulation in Pakistan
In this presentation, we will be discussing the features of public policy, six stages of public policy formulation, & challenges faced
1. The document discusses ethics in the Nepalese civil service sector, which has become dysfunctional, politicized, and incapable of acceptable performance due to a deterioration of moral and ethical values.
2. It aims to highlight the moral crisis from the devaluation of ethics that has affected society and provide suggestions to improve the system without radical changes.
3. The prevailing political environment and lack of accountability have contributed to an erosion of public service ethics and an increase in unethical practices in the Nepalese bureaucracy.
New Public Management (NPM) emerged in the 1980s as an administrative reform approach that sought to improve public sector management by importing private sector business concepts and values. Key elements of NPM include an emphasis on hands-on management, explicit performance standards and measures, output controls rather than input controls, increased competition and contracting, and cost-cutting efficiency. For NPM approaches to be successful, a country requires a reasonable level of economic development, an established rule of law and judicial system, a functioning Weberian bureaucratic system, and strong state institutional, technical, and administrative capacity.
Integrating Gender in Extension in BangladeshINGENAES
Agricultural extension services to farmers
Training: Farmers, extension workers, other stakeholders
Technology Transfer: New technologies to farmers
Issues DAE
Reviewed Documents No. 100
Relevant to gender and extension 50
4/10/2017
50
Gender & Extension
Others
50
DAE
4/10/2017
22
Organizational Commitment DAE
Issues DAE
Achievements
- Reached to farmers at grassroots level
- Introduced new technologies
- Organized farmers into groups
- Conducted training
- Published leaflets, booklets
Gaps
- Lack of gender sensitive approach
- Women participation is
This document provides an overview of public policy for students in public policy and economics programs. It defines key terms related to public policy, examines the nature and characteristics of public policy, and discusses the importance of public policy and some common policy areas. The lecturer defines a policy as a purposive course of action by a government or group to influence decisions. Public policy involves government actions and decisions in response to public problems. Characteristics of public policy include being goal-oriented, made by public authorities, and consisting of patterns of actions over time. The relationship between politics and policy is also examined.
The Bangladesh Election Commission is established by the constitution to oversee elections. It consists of a Chief Election Commissioner and up to four other Commissioners appointed by the President. To be eligible to vote, one must be a Bangladeshi citizen over 18, of sound mind, a resident of the constituency, and not convicted of certain offenses.
The Commission's powers and functions include conducting free and fair elections, implementing the electoral code of conduct, preparing voter rolls, delimiting constituencies, resolving disputes, overseeing candidate and party finances, registering parties, and limiting campaign spending. However, it faces challenges like ensuring a level playing field for all parties and gaining the trust of major political parties.
Financial Autonomy and Central-local relationship at Union Parishad Level in ...Ahasan Uddin Bhuiyan
The origin of the root level local government bears a long history in this subcontinent. The existence of village councilors can be traced out from Kautillya’s Arthashastra during Mauriyan dynasty .
It is Union Parishad that is the grass root level administrative organ of the government in Bangladesh . It is known fact that the local body like union parishad should have autonomy in both financial and administrative decision making . But in fact , in Bangladesh, this important tier of local government is highly dominated and controlled by the central government .
As a part of academic curriculum, I was assigned to conduct a field work on financial autonomy , central-local relationship at union level in Bangladesh . The findings of my field work are discussed in this assignment .
Session for State Resource Centres for Women to understand and identify entry points for doing Gender Budgeting in the changed fiscal scenario in India
The document discusses theories of good governance and its importance for development. It outlines 4 key points:
1) Governance has shifted from government-centric to more horizontal networks including business and civil society. Effective states now coordinate public and private resources.
2) Strong, efficient bureaucracies and institutions are important for enforcing contracts and promoting economic growth. Political stability is also important.
3) Strong state involvement is needed to direct development, as seen in developmental states in East Asia. The type of state-society relationship influences economic outcomes.
4) While free markets are important, the state still plays a role in areas like defense, infrastructure, education, taxes, and protecting laborers.
This document provides an introduction to public policy analysis. It defines key terms like policy, analysis, and public policy analysis. Public policy is described as a course of action by governments to address citizen needs defined by constitutions. Public policy analysis involves assessing alternatives to satisfy goals and values. The document outlines theories of public choice and discusses how political actors like politicians, voters, bureaucrats and interest groups behave according to self-interest. It also examines the characteristics, stages, and uses of public policy analysis.
Diagnosing Foreign Policy of Nepal( Majo. Con. Nepal-Tibet-China-India, US relation ). It is a connotative presentation and covers wide ranges of diplomatic issues.
This presentation provides an overview of Upazila Parishad in Bangladesh. It discusses that Upazila Parishad is the most important regional administrative body, introduced in 1982. It has two types of members - decision making and decision implementing. The decision making members include a chairman, vice chairpersons, representatives and others. The decision implementing members include the Upazila Nirbahi Officer and secretary. The presentation also outlines the qualifications, disqualifications, functions and conclusion of Upazila Parishad.
This document summarizes Fred W. Riggs' theory of comparative public administration. Riggs developed typologies to classify societies, including agrarian, industrial, and prismatic societies. He argued developing societies exhibit characteristics of both traditional and modern structures, described as "prismatic" or having "overlapping." Key aspects of prismatic societies include heterogeneity, formalism, and overlapping functions between traditional and modern institutions. Riggs' theory provided a framework for understanding the interaction between administrative systems and broader social, economic, and cultural contexts in developing nations.
This document discusses public policy making in Nepal. It outlines the constitutional framework for directive policies and focuses of interim plans. It describes the institutional structure for policy making including ministries, the Council of Ministers, and the National Planning Commission. It also discusses issues in Nepal's policy making process such as the influence of development agencies, lack of public discussion mechanisms and realistic data. The document examines different models of policy making and trends toward top-down versus bottom-up and centrist versus participatory approaches. It provides examples of policies and changes in approaches, including efforts to involve stakeholders in developing policies like the Poverty Reduction Strategy and National Youth Policy. However, it notes gaps still remain in theorizing policy and effectively implementing and evaluating policies
The World Bank has shifted its focus on rural development from mainly lending for agriculture to working in all major development areas and providing financial and technical assistance. It is owned by five institutions working together for sustainable solutions and to reduce poverty and build shared prosperity. In the Philippines, the World Bank has funded 338 rural development projects, with 27 currently active. Community organizations and integrated rural development approaches have been used, with the latter defined as both a strategy and program and taking various forms like being target-oriented or community-centered. Cooperative development has also been a key approach, with the first rural credit cooperative established in 1916 and marketing cooperatives and the Agricultural Credit and Cooperative Financing Administration later playing roles in rural financing and groupings of
This document provides an overview of public policy definitions, approaches, and processes. It begins by defining public policy as systems of laws, regulations, and actions by governmental entities to address public issues. The traditional views of public policy are discussed, including definitions that focus on the dichotomy between politics and administration.
The document then examines several models of public policy analysis, including the institutional, process, group, elite, rational, incremental, game theory, public choice, and systems models. It discusses the importance of models in creating order, simplifying complexity, and identifying key elements in the policy process like institutions, stakeholders, formulation, and evaluation.
New Public Management (NPM) is a philosophy that aims to modernize public sectors by making them more market-oriented and efficiency-focused. It emphasizes decentralization, competition, performance measurement, and increased private sector involvement in public services. Several projects in the Philippines have applied NPM principles, such as e-governance initiatives in Naga City, outsourcing drivers' license services, and programs that promote competitiveness among local governments.
The document discusses the history of civil service reforms in India since independence, including various committees established to recommend reforms. It outlines several key issues for reform such as recruitment, training, performance appraisal, efficiency, accountability, pay reforms, and management of the civil services. It provides details on the recommendations of past reform committees and achievements in implementing certain recommendations.
This document discusses the political economy of regional integration in Africa. It analyzes the key drivers and constraints of regional organizations in promoting regional cooperation on the continent. It uses five lenses to examine these factors: foundational structures, institutions, actors and agencies, sectoral characteristics, and external factors. Some key observations are that member states may signal support for regional organizations even when implementation is low priority; implementation occurs when aligned with national interests; regional hegemons influence agendas; and donors have significant influence but provide fragmented support. It concludes by discussing options for regional organizations to consider ambitions realistically given path dependencies and political realities.
This document outlines factors that contribute to both the success and failure of social programs. Key factors for success include social acceptability, unity of purpose among all groups, and having a critical mass of supporters. Sufficient resources, clear communication and coordination are also important. Potential barriers include a lack of defined aims or objectives, problematic attitudes, limited resources and support, unpreparedness, and over-reliance on outside help.
This document discusses development planning in Bangladesh. It begins by defining development planning and outlining its objectives. It then describes Bangladesh's institutional arrangements for development planning, including the Planning Commission established in 1972. It outlines the different types of development plans used in Bangladesh, including short-term annual plans, medium-term five-year plans, and long-term perspective plans. It provides details on several five-year plans and Bangladesh's shift to Poverty Reduction Strategy Papers. It concludes by summarizing the goals of Bangladesh's Perspective Plan for 2010-2021.
This document discusses econometrics and its applications. It defines econometrics as using statistical methods to estimate economic relationships and test economic theories. Econometrics allows estimating relationships between economic variables, testing hypotheses, and forecasting. It helps explain qualitative economic data quantitatively and evaluate government policies. Common econometric methods discussed include simple and multiple linear regression, estimation theory, and time series analysis. The document also notes some limitations of econometrics, such as not proving causation and possible issues with data interpretation.
This document discusses key concepts in public administration including definitions, approaches, and core values. It provides definitions of public administration from scholars like Woodrow Wilson, Dwight Waldo, and L.D. White. It discusses traditional approaches like the Classical, Human Relations, and Behavioral schools. It also covers newer approaches like New Public Management, New Public Service, and governance. Core values discussed include rule of law, efficiency, equity, fairness, and responsiveness. The document also compares democracy vs bureaucracy and politics vs administration. It summarizes contributors to the Classical Scientific school including Taylor, Gilbreth, and Gantt and their contributions.
The document discusses the relationship between central and local governments in governance. It notes that the central government lays down general policy for local governments through the ministry of local government to ensure services meet national interests. The central government also entrusts powers to local authorities but maintains checks and control over their functions. Specifically, the central government exercises political, administrative, legislative, fiscal and judicial forms of control over local governments. It facilitates local powers while also coordinating, monitoring and developing policies to guide local authorities' work.
The Nature and Scope of Public Administration powerpointJenoAntonioAwid
Public administration refers to the implementation of government policy to serve the public through cooperative efforts. It involves applying laws systematically to achieve common goals. The nature of public administration can be viewed as integral, including all activities from top to bottom in an organization, or managerial, focusing only on managerial activities. The scope of public administration includes both the POSDCoRB view of planning, organizing, staffing, directing, coordinating, reporting and budgeting, as well as considering the subject matter and techniques required for different activities.
Managerial control involves four key steps: 1) establishing performance standards, 2) measuring actual performance, 3) comparing performance to standards, and 4) taking corrective action if needed. There are various techniques used for control, including financial statements and budgets, ratio analysis, market research, production inventory controls, and performance appraisals. An effective control system must provide timely feedback, suggest improvements, be understandable, focus on objectives, and remain flexible.
The document summarizes a report on the managerial skills, roles, and challenges at the Civil Aviation Authority of Nepal (CAAN). It provides an introduction to CAAN, outlines its objectives and functions. It then discusses the essential skills required of managers, including technical, conceptual, and interpersonal skills. It also examines the various roles managers must play, such as figurehead, leader, and decision-maker. Finally, it identifies challenges for CAAN managers, such as aviation security and limited resources, and provides recommendations.
This document provides a syllabus for an internal competition examination for the position of Senior Engineer (Telecom Level 7 to Level 8 Tech) at Nepal Telecom.
The exam will be 3 hours long and cover two sections - a technical section worth 60 marks and a management/rules/regulations section worth 40 marks.
The technical section will test knowledge across several domains including basic electrical and electronics, telecommunications, information and communications technology, power supply systems and batteries, and maintenance and safety engineering.
The management section will evaluate understanding of project management, financial management, management issues, marketing and customer care, and various laws, policies, and regulations relevant to Nepal Telecom including their employee service rules, financial service
The document discusses theories of good governance and its importance for development. It outlines 4 key points:
1) Governance has shifted from government-centric to more horizontal networks including business and civil society. Effective states now coordinate public and private resources.
2) Strong, efficient bureaucracies and institutions are important for enforcing contracts and promoting economic growth. Political stability is also important.
3) Strong state involvement is needed to direct development, as seen in developmental states in East Asia. The type of state-society relationship influences economic outcomes.
4) While free markets are important, the state still plays a role in areas like defense, infrastructure, education, taxes, and protecting laborers.
This document provides an introduction to public policy analysis. It defines key terms like policy, analysis, and public policy analysis. Public policy is described as a course of action by governments to address citizen needs defined by constitutions. Public policy analysis involves assessing alternatives to satisfy goals and values. The document outlines theories of public choice and discusses how political actors like politicians, voters, bureaucrats and interest groups behave according to self-interest. It also examines the characteristics, stages, and uses of public policy analysis.
Diagnosing Foreign Policy of Nepal( Majo. Con. Nepal-Tibet-China-India, US relation ). It is a connotative presentation and covers wide ranges of diplomatic issues.
This presentation provides an overview of Upazila Parishad in Bangladesh. It discusses that Upazila Parishad is the most important regional administrative body, introduced in 1982. It has two types of members - decision making and decision implementing. The decision making members include a chairman, vice chairpersons, representatives and others. The decision implementing members include the Upazila Nirbahi Officer and secretary. The presentation also outlines the qualifications, disqualifications, functions and conclusion of Upazila Parishad.
This document summarizes Fred W. Riggs' theory of comparative public administration. Riggs developed typologies to classify societies, including agrarian, industrial, and prismatic societies. He argued developing societies exhibit characteristics of both traditional and modern structures, described as "prismatic" or having "overlapping." Key aspects of prismatic societies include heterogeneity, formalism, and overlapping functions between traditional and modern institutions. Riggs' theory provided a framework for understanding the interaction between administrative systems and broader social, economic, and cultural contexts in developing nations.
This document discusses public policy making in Nepal. It outlines the constitutional framework for directive policies and focuses of interim plans. It describes the institutional structure for policy making including ministries, the Council of Ministers, and the National Planning Commission. It also discusses issues in Nepal's policy making process such as the influence of development agencies, lack of public discussion mechanisms and realistic data. The document examines different models of policy making and trends toward top-down versus bottom-up and centrist versus participatory approaches. It provides examples of policies and changes in approaches, including efforts to involve stakeholders in developing policies like the Poverty Reduction Strategy and National Youth Policy. However, it notes gaps still remain in theorizing policy and effectively implementing and evaluating policies
The World Bank has shifted its focus on rural development from mainly lending for agriculture to working in all major development areas and providing financial and technical assistance. It is owned by five institutions working together for sustainable solutions and to reduce poverty and build shared prosperity. In the Philippines, the World Bank has funded 338 rural development projects, with 27 currently active. Community organizations and integrated rural development approaches have been used, with the latter defined as both a strategy and program and taking various forms like being target-oriented or community-centered. Cooperative development has also been a key approach, with the first rural credit cooperative established in 1916 and marketing cooperatives and the Agricultural Credit and Cooperative Financing Administration later playing roles in rural financing and groupings of
This document provides an overview of public policy definitions, approaches, and processes. It begins by defining public policy as systems of laws, regulations, and actions by governmental entities to address public issues. The traditional views of public policy are discussed, including definitions that focus on the dichotomy between politics and administration.
The document then examines several models of public policy analysis, including the institutional, process, group, elite, rational, incremental, game theory, public choice, and systems models. It discusses the importance of models in creating order, simplifying complexity, and identifying key elements in the policy process like institutions, stakeholders, formulation, and evaluation.
New Public Management (NPM) is a philosophy that aims to modernize public sectors by making them more market-oriented and efficiency-focused. It emphasizes decentralization, competition, performance measurement, and increased private sector involvement in public services. Several projects in the Philippines have applied NPM principles, such as e-governance initiatives in Naga City, outsourcing drivers' license services, and programs that promote competitiveness among local governments.
The document discusses the history of civil service reforms in India since independence, including various committees established to recommend reforms. It outlines several key issues for reform such as recruitment, training, performance appraisal, efficiency, accountability, pay reforms, and management of the civil services. It provides details on the recommendations of past reform committees and achievements in implementing certain recommendations.
This document discusses the political economy of regional integration in Africa. It analyzes the key drivers and constraints of regional organizations in promoting regional cooperation on the continent. It uses five lenses to examine these factors: foundational structures, institutions, actors and agencies, sectoral characteristics, and external factors. Some key observations are that member states may signal support for regional organizations even when implementation is low priority; implementation occurs when aligned with national interests; regional hegemons influence agendas; and donors have significant influence but provide fragmented support. It concludes by discussing options for regional organizations to consider ambitions realistically given path dependencies and political realities.
This document outlines factors that contribute to both the success and failure of social programs. Key factors for success include social acceptability, unity of purpose among all groups, and having a critical mass of supporters. Sufficient resources, clear communication and coordination are also important. Potential barriers include a lack of defined aims or objectives, problematic attitudes, limited resources and support, unpreparedness, and over-reliance on outside help.
This document discusses development planning in Bangladesh. It begins by defining development planning and outlining its objectives. It then describes Bangladesh's institutional arrangements for development planning, including the Planning Commission established in 1972. It outlines the different types of development plans used in Bangladesh, including short-term annual plans, medium-term five-year plans, and long-term perspective plans. It provides details on several five-year plans and Bangladesh's shift to Poverty Reduction Strategy Papers. It concludes by summarizing the goals of Bangladesh's Perspective Plan for 2010-2021.
This document discusses econometrics and its applications. It defines econometrics as using statistical methods to estimate economic relationships and test economic theories. Econometrics allows estimating relationships between economic variables, testing hypotheses, and forecasting. It helps explain qualitative economic data quantitatively and evaluate government policies. Common econometric methods discussed include simple and multiple linear regression, estimation theory, and time series analysis. The document also notes some limitations of econometrics, such as not proving causation and possible issues with data interpretation.
This document discusses key concepts in public administration including definitions, approaches, and core values. It provides definitions of public administration from scholars like Woodrow Wilson, Dwight Waldo, and L.D. White. It discusses traditional approaches like the Classical, Human Relations, and Behavioral schools. It also covers newer approaches like New Public Management, New Public Service, and governance. Core values discussed include rule of law, efficiency, equity, fairness, and responsiveness. The document also compares democracy vs bureaucracy and politics vs administration. It summarizes contributors to the Classical Scientific school including Taylor, Gilbreth, and Gantt and their contributions.
The document discusses the relationship between central and local governments in governance. It notes that the central government lays down general policy for local governments through the ministry of local government to ensure services meet national interests. The central government also entrusts powers to local authorities but maintains checks and control over their functions. Specifically, the central government exercises political, administrative, legislative, fiscal and judicial forms of control over local governments. It facilitates local powers while also coordinating, monitoring and developing policies to guide local authorities' work.
The Nature and Scope of Public Administration powerpointJenoAntonioAwid
Public administration refers to the implementation of government policy to serve the public through cooperative efforts. It involves applying laws systematically to achieve common goals. The nature of public administration can be viewed as integral, including all activities from top to bottom in an organization, or managerial, focusing only on managerial activities. The scope of public administration includes both the POSDCoRB view of planning, organizing, staffing, directing, coordinating, reporting and budgeting, as well as considering the subject matter and techniques required for different activities.
Managerial control involves four key steps: 1) establishing performance standards, 2) measuring actual performance, 3) comparing performance to standards, and 4) taking corrective action if needed. There are various techniques used for control, including financial statements and budgets, ratio analysis, market research, production inventory controls, and performance appraisals. An effective control system must provide timely feedback, suggest improvements, be understandable, focus on objectives, and remain flexible.
The document summarizes a report on the managerial skills, roles, and challenges at the Civil Aviation Authority of Nepal (CAAN). It provides an introduction to CAAN, outlines its objectives and functions. It then discusses the essential skills required of managers, including technical, conceptual, and interpersonal skills. It also examines the various roles managers must play, such as figurehead, leader, and decision-maker. Finally, it identifies challenges for CAAN managers, such as aviation security and limited resources, and provides recommendations.
This document provides a syllabus for an internal competition examination for the position of Senior Engineer (Telecom Level 7 to Level 8 Tech) at Nepal Telecom.
The exam will be 3 hours long and cover two sections - a technical section worth 60 marks and a management/rules/regulations section worth 40 marks.
The technical section will test knowledge across several domains including basic electrical and electronics, telecommunications, information and communications technology, power supply systems and batteries, and maintenance and safety engineering.
The management section will evaluate understanding of project management, financial management, management issues, marketing and customer care, and various laws, policies, and regulations relevant to Nepal Telecom including their employee service rules, financial service
Civil Society Organizations in the Local Governance of NepalDipendra KC
This document discusses the role of Civil Society Organizations (CSOs) in local governance in Nepal. It notes that Nepal has not had local elections in 13 years. The number of CSOs operating in Nepal has risen significantly since 1977, with the largest growth occurring during the Maoist insurgency period from 1996 to 2006. CSOs in Nepal can be categorized as political CSOs, non-political NGOs, user groups, traditional CSOs, and media. They play key roles in advocacy, capacity building, conflict resolution, service delivery, monitoring and evaluation, and acting as intermediaries. However, some critiques of CSOs are that they are concentrated in the capital city, some
This document discusses governance issues in Nepal based on a presentation by Dr. M Rijal. It provides common definitions of governance from various organizations and outlines World Bank indicators used to measure governance. While Nepal saw some improvements from 1990-2000, its World Bank governance scores declined from 1996-2002. The document also discusses positives and negatives of global governance trends and outlines both improvements and issues in Nepal's governance, including political instability, corruption, and failure to benefit all regions and populations equally.
The document discusses key features of the Indian constitution, including fundamental rights and duties. It outlines 6 fundamental rights guaranteed to all citizens: right to equality, freedom, anti-exploitation, freedom of religion, cultural/educational rights, and right to constitutional remedies. It also lists 11 fundamental duties of citizens and discusses the right to education and right to equality in further detail.
The Constitution of Nepal 2015 is Nepal's seventh constitution. It was drafted over eight years by the Constituent Assembly and promulgated by the President on September 20, 2015. Key aspects include establishing a federal democratic republic with seven provinces, ending prolonged political transition, and vesting sovereignty in the people rather than the King. It also improved the parliamentary system, established new constitutional commissions, and set Nepal on a path for economic and social transformation.
The document discusses the Indian legal system and sources of law. It notes that Indian law is largely based on English common law, with many British-introduced Acts still in effect today. It also discusses the history of Indian law from ancient treatises to the current Constitution. The Constitution establishes India as a sovereign democratic republic and includes fundamental rights and duties. The document outlines several important laws in India related to criminal law, civil procedure, family law, labor law, and the Right to Information Act.
Formal sources are the actual sources of law that determine a rule's validity. Legal sources create rules through legislation, precedent, custom, and agreements. Material sources provide the substance of law and include historical sources like religion, morality, and literary works. In India prior to British rule, Hindus and Muslims followed personal laws sourced from religious texts and customs. Now multiple sources influence law as societies change.
Tourism is important for Nepal's economy. The document discusses various wilderness and adventure activities available in Nepal's mountains and jungles that draw tourists, such as mountain biking, mountain flights, rock climbing, paragliding, mountain climbing, bungee jumping, hiking, rafting, trekking, bird watching, and hot air ballooning over the Himalayas. Developing tourism further has potential through advertising these activities.
The document discusses the nature of law by providing definitions and perspectives from different scholars. It begins by stating that the nature of law refers to the meaning, definition, significance, and characteristics of law. It then examines definitions of law from several legal theorists and schools of thought. Austin defines law as a general command of the sovereign backed by sanction. Salmond defines it as a body of principles recognized and applied by the state in the administration of justice. Holland defines it as a general rule of external human action enforced by a sovereign political authority. The document explores these definitions and their limitations in summarizing key aspects of the nature and meaning of law.
The document discusses the meaning and importance of constitutions. It notes that India's constitution was framed by a constituent assembly established in 1946. The constitution aims to provide basic rules of governance, define the powers of government bodies, and protect citizens' rights. Key features include flexibility, federalism, and supremacy. The philosophical vision of the Indian constitution is democratic, secular, egalitarian, and sensitive to minorities. Its objectives include justice, liberty, equality and national unity. Studying the constitution's underlying philosophy is important to understand its conceptual framework and ideals.
Summer Project On Human Resource Policy of Nepal Airlines CorporationShrestha Eliya
Nepal Airlines was established in 1958 and initially provided limited domestic flight services within Nepal and to some cities in India, but has since expanded its routes and fleet. It currently employs around 2,500 staff across various roles to operate both domestic and international flights using aircraft like Boeing planes. The document presents information about Nepal Airlines' history and operations, human resource policies, organizational structure, employee numbers over time, and some challenges faced by its HR department.
Human relations theory by keith davies - theories of industrial relations - ...manumelwin
The main proponent of this theory is Keith Davies. According to him, human relations are the integration of people into a work situation that motivates them to work together productively.
The document summarizes the development of paradigms in public administration as described in a 1975 article by Nicholas Henry. It outlines five paradigms: (1) the politics/administration dichotomy from 1900-1926, (2) principles of administration from 1927-1937, (3) public administration as political science from 1950-1970, (4) public administration as administrative science from 1956-1970, and (5) public administration as public administration from 1970 to the present. The fifth and emerging paradigm focused on policy science, political economy, and the public policy-making process, leading to increased enrollments in public administration programs and the institutionalization of public administration as its own academic field.
The sources of law in Malaysia include the Federal Constitution, state constitutions, legislation passed by federal and state legislatures, judicial decisions, English common law, Islamic law, and customary laws. The Federal Constitution is the supreme law of the land. Legislation includes Acts of Parliament and subsidiary legislation. Judicial decisions become precedents through the doctrine of stare decisis. English common law was received prior to independence. Islamic law and native customary laws also apply in certain circumstances.
The document discusses the emergence of New Public Administration (NPA) in the late 1960s from the Minnowbrook Conference in 1968. The NPA rejected classical theories of public administration and advocated for social equity in addition to efficiency and effectiveness. It also questioned the relevance of traditional public administration and argued for more focus on social purposes and values rather than just economic factors. The NPA called for more client-oriented, participatory, and decentralized approaches with less bureaucracy. While social equity has gained more acceptance since NPA, it still struggles to be viewed equally alongside other core values of public administration like economy, efficiency, and effectiveness.
The document discusses different social structures and their role in fulfilling human desires and attaining happiness. It argues that government exists to (1) defend countries from invasion through military force, and (2) maintain justice and rule of law to create freedom for citizens to live moral and meaningful lives. The highest good is happiness, which relies on properly channeling desires through social institutions like family, economy, education and religion.
The document discusses the emergence of new public management and reinventing government ideas in the 1980s and 1990s. These ideas aimed to make government more efficient and cost-effective by applying private sector practices to the public sector. They emphasized making government more customer-oriented, decentralized, and business-like. Critics argued these approaches focused too much on customers rather than citizens. The document also outlines some of the key principles of new public management and reinventing government.
The document discusses airport drainage systems. It explains that a well-designed drainage system is important for safety, efficiency, and pavement durability. The key aspects covered are: 1) Airport drainage systems use surface ditches, inlets, and underground pipes to remove runoff. 2) Estimating runoff involves calculating factors like rainfall intensity and runoff coefficient. 3) Drainage channels and underground pipes are designed using equations like Manning's, with velocities above 2.5 ft/sec to prevent deposits. Inlets are placed at low points with spacings depending on the airport type.
The document outlines 4 principles of good governance followed by the Singapore government:
1) Leadership is key - leaders must be honest, capable, and have moral courage to do what is right rather than popular. Corruption is not tolerated.
2) Anticipate change and stay relevant - decisions must be forward-looking to anticipate future challenges through policies like developing the self-sufficient NEWater system.
3) Reward for work, work for reward - a meritocratic system rewards people based on abilities and hard work regardless of background through programs like scholarships.
4) A stake for everyone, opportunities for all - public participation and dialogue on decisions helps develop a greater sense of belonging and ownership, such
New Public Management (NPM) emerged in the early 1990s as a reform movement that aimed to apply private sector management techniques to the public sector. NPM was a response to criticisms of traditional public administration for being bureaucratic and inefficient. Key principles of NPM included decentralization, performance measurement, private sector styles of management, and increased emphasis on outputs and outcomes rather than inputs. While NPM led to some improvements in public sector management, it also received criticism for being too focused on market mechanisms and for potentially undermining important public service values.
Public Administration Role Scope and DefinationKamil Sayed
This document provides an overview of key principles of public administration through a slide show presentation. It defines public administration and discusses its nature and scope. Public administration aims to advance government policies and functions through management processes. It also examines major schools of thought in public administration and the role of bureaucracy. In developing countries, the major functions of bureaucracy are to ensure policy continuity, uphold rule of law, facilitate economic development and poverty alleviation, and promote cultural cohesion and national integration. The challenge is to reform public institutions to make them more efficient, citizen-centered, and able to support good governance.
This document outlines emerging trends in global governance, including a shift from centralized to decentralized governance, hierarchical control to stakeholder empowerment, and standardized procedures to performance orientation. It discusses experiments with new governance models in the Philippines based on decentralization, local autonomy, and greater civic participation. The trends are placing new demands on politicians, civil servants, and development professionals to reexamine assumptions and adapt to changes in accountability, inter-sector collaboration, and organizational competence.
Presentation by Iris Nehemia on 'Performance Evaluation Initiative' - Session...OECD Governance
This presentation by Dr. Iris Nehemia, Head of the Department of Doctrine, Research
And Knowledge Management of the Israeli Civil Service Commission, was made at the Public Employment and Management Expert meeting on "Senior Civil Service: Performance, Accountability and Organisational Success" on 26 November 2015. For further information, please see http://www.oecd.org/gov/pem/.
Indonesia began bureaucratic reforms in 2007 to achieve a government free of corruption, improve public services, and increase performance. Reforms focused on restructuring organizations, improving business processes, human resources, and discipline. A steering committee oversees reforms, while a management unit guides implementation across ministries and local governments. Reforms are implemented in three phases - pilot, rollout to key institutions, then all others. Frameworks provide guidelines on roadmaps, criteria, and accountability. Compensation reform aims to link pay to performance and administrative reform.
The document discusses strengthening evidence-based policymaking in the Canadian government. It outlines how recent decisions have undermined the use of science in policy and the risks this poses, such as missing opportunities on climate change and economic prosperity. Recommendations are provided on how to advocate for policies that ensure science informs decision-making rather than being overridden by ideology.
This document discusses human resource management practices in public enterprises in Pakistan. It begins by defining human resource management and the public sector. It then compares public and private sector management in terms of ownership, objectives, leadership, and accountability. The document outlines the evolution of New Public Management, which aims to improve public sector efficiency and effectiveness by adopting private sector practices. It discusses principles of NPM like decentralization, competition, and performance standards. The document analyzes HRM reforms in Pakistan's public sector enterprises and the challenges of adopting private sector practices due to political and cultural differences.
Turkey has undergone significant public administration reforms over the past few decades to address issues like inefficiency, ineffectiveness, and corruption. Reforms were driven both internally by rising societal demands and externally by forces like IMF programs and EU membership aspirations. Key reforms included constitutional changes, strengthening the rule of law and an independent judiciary, decentralization, privatization, and increasing transparency and citizen participation in government. While progress has been made, challenges remain like further institutionalizing reforms and strengthening civil society to improve Turkey's competitiveness and governance.
Presentation by the OECD on the “World Class Civil Service" made at the meeti...OECD Governance
This presentation by Edwin Lau, OECD, on the “WorLd Class Civil Service" was made at the meeting of the OECD Working Party on Public Employment and Management on 20-21 April 2015.
For further on information on the OECD work on Public Employment and Management please see http://www.oecd.org/gov/pem/.
1) The Principles of Public Administration provide a framework to guide countries' public sector reform processes based on EU and OECD standards and practices.
2) They cover six core areas of public administration - strategic framework, policy development, human resources, accountability, service delivery, and financial management.
3) The Principles can be used to evaluate countries' current public administration systems, benchmark performance over time, and inform dialogue with the EU on reforms.
Voice and accountability tools and examples for educationilmideas
This document discusses tools and examples for promoting voice and accountability in education. It defines transparency as the disclosure of information and accountability as holding actors responsible for their actions. Social accountability relies on civic engagement to exact accountability and can be supported by the state. Transparency and accountability initiatives can improve governance, development effectiveness, and empowerment. Tools discussed include public hearings, community scorecards, citizen charters, budget transparency, media use, citizen report cards, and social audits. The document advocates for strengthening right to information laws and increasing civic participation in budgeting and service monitoring.
Public management and governance issues and challenges ssc patc 09 10-2017DrShamsulArefin
The document discusses the concepts of new public management (NPM) and governance reform, which aim to modernize public sector management by applying principles from the private sector like increased efficiency, competition, and focus on outcomes over process. It describes the characteristics and goals of NPM, as well as challenges in implementing reforms like ensuring accountability, transparency, and responsiveness to citizens. The emergence of NPM is traced to public management reforms initiated in the UK and other countries in the 1980s seeking to make government function more like a business.
action gives you your results. It works every time, with no exceptions. The above steps will help you to become better attractors. But you can also apply the law of attraction in your business life as well.
When you use the law of attraction, you do not worry about where it is coming from or how you will get it. All you do is your part and the Universe will do its part. The Law of Attraction is very powerful and forceful in the way it works. The Law of Attraction works. You just have to accept it, act on it, and be in harmony with it. Visualize you getting a check for 10,000 dollars. Or perhaps you want to go lower? But you have to gear your mind so you can vibrate to it.
Chapter 2
Your Thoughts Control You
Did you know your thoughts control what happens to you? There are three classes of thoughts we experience each day: positive, action, and worry. Thoughts help us create the reality we experience, whether it's good or bad.
When we worry about something we have no control over, what we have is fear turned inside. Some people think that if they don't worry, they can't prevent what will happen from occurring. If you focus on positive thoughts instead of negative or worrying thoughts, your health would improve immensely.
You must learn to use the right types of thoughts that enter your mind daily. Only those thoughts that we dwell on predominately are what will lead to results for us. When in a stressful situation, stop and evaluate your present thoughts and think of what your next thought will be.
As stated in this chapter, thoughts are dangerous, because they can lead you to get whatever you think. When you think, you vibrate to it; the universe receives your transmission and delivers. If you aren’t careful, you may not like what you get back.
Chapter 3
Visualize Your Thoughts
The Law of Attraction says that thoughts lead to feelings that lead to actions. But you just don't think of a thought as a thought, you visualize it. If you visualize a red convertible sports car, for instance, you will get it. Practice this daily, up to three times a day. Visualization is used in all aspects of life from schoolwork to business. It can be applied to any area of our lives and work every time. The steps are not that complicated. You just have to perform certain routines and stick to them.
Picture yourself stopping at a beautiful beach with the one you love sitting next to you. See yourself getting out of the car and taking the keys with you. Lock this complete vision in your mind and send it to your heart for emotional processing.
Chapter 4
The Law of Vibration
The Law of Vibration states that everything in life moves or vibrates. To vibrate to something you must have positive thoughts. When you are in a positive frame of mind, you will vibrate toward what you wish to achieve. Unless you stop doubting or having negative energy, you won't get it. The Law of Vibration is the theory that all matter vibrates at a certain frequency. Thought is considered the hig
This document provides an overview of public participation principles and requirements for service excellence in South Africa. It covers:
- Statutory requirements for public participation including the constitution, municipal acts, and policies.
- Defining public participation and its objectives to encourage citizen involvement in decision making.
- The duties of government to engage citizens and identify stakeholders.
- Principles for improving community participation regarding issues like service delivery, consultation, and the integrated development plan.
- The Batho Pele principles of customer-centric service delivery including setting standards, increasing access, and remedying failures.
Public management and governance issues and challenges ssc patc 15 10-2017 ...Shamsul Arefin
The document discusses public management strategies and governance challenges in implementing reforms. It outlines the rise of New Public Management (NPM) as a philosophy used since the 1980s to modernize the public sector through greater private sector orientation, efficiency, and decentralization. While NPM aimed to make government more responsive and effective, issues with NPM include lack of political accountability, poor citizen engagement, decreased transparency, and failure to consider all stakeholders. The challenges of reform include balancing different groups' interests to achieve broad consensus without worsening any group's well-being.
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Accountability, Citizen Voice and Public Service DeliveryRidho Fitrah Hyzkia
1. After a decade of decentralization in Indonesia, sub-national service quality remains low and community needs have failed to shape government priorities, despite higher funding levels not improving local outcomes.
2. Poor service delivery is not due to a lack of capacity, authority or resources at the local level, but because local government staff and frontline workers lack incentives and accountability for their performance.
3. Reforms are needed to improve local government efficiency and responsiveness to local needs through stronger community engagement and social accountability, as well as incentives for good performance by frontline public servants.
Tom Christensen - "Comparative Public Sector Reforms - Perspectives and Exper...Institut za javnu upravu
This document discusses perspectives on comparative public sector reform. It covers the instrumental perspective that sees reform as achievable through reorganization, the cultural perspective that reform is an evolutionary process, and the myth perspective where reforms spread due to norms. New Public Management aimed for efficiency but faced challenges around political control and coordination. Post-NPM reforms emphasize strengthening central control and coordination in response to problems with NPM and a more insecure world. Future government may blend old, NPM, and post-NPM approaches, with both potential positive and negative effects.
This course provides an exploration of current issues in local administration and government. It examines challenges, trends, and best practices. Topics covered include policy development, service delivery, fiscal management, community engagement, and ethics. Students will analyze case studies, participate in discussions, and complete exercises to develop a comprehensive understanding of the complexities of local administration.
1. Public administration in the
context of good governance:
locus, focus & boundaries of
reforms with special
reference to nepal
Ram prasad ghimire
U SUnder Secretary
Ministry of general administration
Kathmandu,nepal
May 29- June 1, 2011, Beijing Seminar on Asian Public Administration Reform 1
2. OOutline of presentation
• Background
• Global scenario
• National context
• Ecology of governance
• Trends of reforms & current situation
• Reforms through conditonalities:
governance reforms program
• Recent initiatives & achievementsRecent initiatives & achievements
• Issues & challenges
• The way forward
May 29- June 1, 2011, Beijing Seminar on Asian Public Administration Reform 2
• Findings/lessons learnt
3. background
• BASIC TENETS OF PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION
HIERARCHY GENERAL RULES IMPERSONAL CHARACTER• HIERARCHY, GENERAL RULES, IMPERSONAL CHARACTER,
FIXED JURISDICTION & PROFESSIONALISM
• CHALLENGE: FLEXIBLE & MARKET BASED FORM
OF PUBLIC MANAGEMENT
• CONTEST• CONTEST
• FASHIONABLE OR MORE MARKETABLE TERMINOLOGY
RATHER THAN A SUBSTANTIAL CHANGE
• HIERARCHY PREVALENT EVEN IN THE PRIVATE SECTOR
• OBSTRUCTIVE USE OF RULE IS DISCREDITED & NOT THEOBSTRUCTIVE USE OF RULE IS DISCREDITED & NOT THE
RULE PER SE
• PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION WAS NEVER MEANT TO REFER
TO PAPER WORK
• Good governance: topical issue in contemporary
development discoursedevelopment discourse
• Administrative reality & ecological
considerations
• Ethics as an integral part of public
May 29- June 1, 2011, Beijing Seminar on Asian Public Administration Reform 3
administration
• Ethics is like electricity
4. Global scenario
• Paradigm shift
Administration• Administration
• New public administration
• Reinventing government
• New public management & New public service
• Post modern public administration
• governance• governance
• Good governance
• Democratic governance
• Corporate governance
• Global governance
• E-governanceE governance
• Boundaries of reforms
• Change in role, scope, values and orientation & shift in focus
• Areas: Government organization, public sector organization,
ngo/cbo/civil society/media, private sector
Government organization: policy structure procedure and• Government organization: policy, structure, procedure and
culture
• Public sector organization: financing mechanism,
appointment/dismissal, authority, autonomy & accountability
• Ngo/cbo/civil society/media: recognition, participation and
facilitation
May 29- June 1, 2011, Beijing Seminar on Asian Public Administration Reform 4
• Private sector: role delineation, policy space, business
environment, facilitation & regulation
5. National context
• evolution
Pre 1950: Patronage• Pre 1950: Patronage
• 1950-1960: Formation stage
• 1960-1990: Loyal Administration
• 1990 to date: divided bureaucracy
• Administration system• Administration system
• British/indian legacy & American influence
• Erosion of traditional values and system
• Management of public service
• Civil serviceCivil service
• Constitutional and legal provisions
• Issues and challenges
• Other public services
• Security forces
• Local bodies
• Public enterprises
• Teacher service
• Public service commission
• Formation, mandate and public trust
May 29- June 1, 2011, Beijing Seminar on Asian Public Administration Reform 5
6. EEcology of governance
• Post-conflict situation: protracted
transition
• Contingent politics
• Consensus tongue: the heart of majorityCo se sus o gue: e e o jo
• state of indiscipline and impunity
• Divided and weakening bureaucracy
• Embeddedness of executive authority in• Embeddedness of executive authority in
society: weak
• Polycentric core executive: breeding
ground for corruptionground for corruption
• Civil society elites: seasonal and partisan
• Misused diversity
• Foreign interventions with multiple vested
May 29- June 1, 2011, Beijing Seminar on Asian Public Administration Reform 6
• Foreign interventions with multiple vested
interests
7. Trends of reforms & current
situation
• From commission to conditionalities for reforms
• Administrative restructuring commission 1952Administrative restructuring commission 1952
• Administrative restructuring planning commission 1956
• Administrative reforms commission 1968
• Administrative reforms commission 1975
• Administrative reforms commission 1992
• Governance Reforms program 2001- 2007
• Governance Support Program I & II Ongoing
• Governance reforms program: reforms on condition
• Objectives:
• Develop internal capacity within the government
• Improve the efficiency of the civil service
• Improve governance and reduce corruption
• Enhance competence and motivation of civil service employees
• establish processes for improving performance in key ministries
• Components• Components
• 32 policy reforms
• 3 tranche conditions & 32 (6+19+7)policy reforms
• Assessment
• Implementation status
• Relevance
May 29- June 1, 2011, Beijing Seminar on Asian Public Administration Reform 7
Relevance
• Efficiency and effectiveness
• Sustainability
8. current situation……..
• Constitution assumes a fairly competent civil service• Constitution assumes a fairly competent civil service
• Constitutional mandates to public Service commission to
select the competent human resources
• Access to information act and regulations: transparent
governance
GOOD GOVERNANCE ACT AND REGULATIONS• GOOD GOVERNANCE ACT AND REGULATIONS
• ROLE DELINEATION OF POLITICAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE
AUTHORITY
• TRANSPARENCY IN DECISION MAKING
• PUBLIC HEARING, GRIEVANCE HANDLING AND PUBLIC INTEREST
LITIGATIONLITIGATION
• PROVISION OF MOBILE SERVICE AND SERVICE CHARTER WITH
COMPENSATION PROVISION
• PROVISION OF PERFORMANCE CONTRACT, CRITERIA FOR REWARD
AND PERFORMANCE INDICATORS
• TIME BOUND RESPONSE AND WORK CLEARANCEE E E LE E
• PUBLIC PARTICIPATION AND OWNERSHIP IN PROJECT
MANAGEMENT
• COMPREHENSIVE MONITORING AND EVALUATION SYSTEM
• CRITERIA AND CODE OF CONDUCT FOR POLITICAL ADVISORS
May 29- June 1, 2011, Beijing Seminar on Asian Public Administration Reform 8
9. Current situation…….
• Civil service act and regulations• Civil service act and regulations
• Make the civil service competent, vigorous, service
oriented and responsible
• Vacancy fulfillment
• Promotion and transfer• Promotion and transfer
• Performance evaluation system
• Opportunity for capacity and career development
• Complaint redressal and grievance handling
mechanism
• Monetary and non-monetary incentives
• Service security
• Code of conduct and disciplinary action
• Leadership assessment system
performance incentive fund• performance incentive fund
• Succession plan
May 29- June 1, 2011, Beijing Seminar on Asian Public Administration Reform 9
10. Recent initiatives
• Vision for civil service• Vision for civil service
• Responsible, professional and competitive civil service
• Directives & guidelines
• Government decision making simplification
• Service centre and service campaign• Service centre and service campaign
• Grievance handling
• Anti-corruption strategy/action plan etc.
• Recent initiatives for Civil service reforms
• Talent hunt: persuasive partnership programsTalent hunt: persuasive partnership programs
• Selection: curricula revision, review of medium of exam,
quest for inclusive civil service ( empowerment of target
groups)
• Placement: strictly on merit basis
• Development: training policy Establishment of personnel• Development: training policy, Establishment of personnel
training academy, scholarship guidelines, review in
promotion system, transfer policy, leadership assessment
system, job description guidelines with specific
performance criteria
May 29- June 1, 2011, Beijing Seminar on Asian Public Administration Reform 10
11. Recent initiatives …….
• Maintenance & Retention: in-built salary and benefits• Maintenance & Retention: in-built salary and benefits
increment mechanism, review in performance evaluation
system, provision of performance contract and performance
incentive fund, piloting to build apartments for civil
employees’, piloting to establish schools for the children of
civil service employees, partial scholarship for civil service
employees’ son/daughter for higher study special financialemployees’ son/daughter for higher study, special financial
assistance to the spouse of civil employees’ with critical
disease, civil service awards, declaration of the best
employee of the year, nodal officer to hear public grievances,
gender focal points, study carried out to implement medical
insurance scheme
• Post retirement scheme
• Study carried out for the optimum utilization of
experience, ability and expertise of retired civil service
employees
• Pension book distribution before retirement
• Decentralization of pension distribution
• Financial assistance to the retired employees for training,
research and orientation
May 29- June 1, 2011, Beijing Seminar on Asian Public Administration Reform 11
12. evaluation of reforms
• Achievements• Achievements
• Clear role delineation: Political & administrative
Authorities
• More inclusive public service
• Implementation of citizen charterImplementation of citizen charter
• selection of competent human resources through
rigorous test and fair mechanism
• significant improvements in capacity development
• increased level of motivation and improvement in
performance culture with performance incentive
fund
• cost and liability reduction through outsourcing
• citizen empowered through improved access to
informationinformation
• increased level of job security & welfare activities
• improved service delivery through devolution and
performance contract system
• Corruption control: Getting Momentum
May 29- June 1, 2011, Beijing Seminar on Asian Public Administration Reform 12
Corruption control: Getting Momentum
• Effective governance is recognized as a necessary
condition for the overall development of the country
13. evaluation of reforms…..
• assessment
• Human resource management has undergone major
transformation as a result of various reforms and
innovation
• Reforms programs gained fresh impetus in the 1990s and
continued ever since
• Influence of NPM model is clearly visible and market
values like quality and productivity, efficiency, discipline,
innovation, integrity and accountability, service
excellence and customer orientation are being
increasingly emphasized
• However reforms are yet to be successful in solving many
of the perennial problems of the public sector. Despite
numerous efforts and progresses, the objective of
achieving excellence in public service remains an
unaccomplished agenda. Managers hardly have control
e e e tover management.
• Most of the reforms measures seems to have been copied
without moulding into the socio-cultural reality
• Bureaucratic politics is prevalent in shaping reforms
agenda
May 29- June 1, 2011, Beijing Seminar on Asian Public Administration Reform 13
• Reforms agenda largely confined to civil service yet
highly politicized
14. Evaluation of reforms …….
• Assessment• Assessment……
• Human resource management reforms, including
the overall public sector reforms seems to have a
focus on mechanistic approach rather than the
organic one which lacked human faceorganic one which lacked human face
• The energetic and capable employees are looking
for flexible work schedules, comfortable working
conditions and greater autonomy, opportunities
for training and development and performance
related financial incentives However hrm by andrelated financial incentives. However, hrm by and
large, is traditional in outlook and in operation
• Motivation and morale has not been improved
significantly and level of frustration are
mountingmounting
• Often the gap between policy and practice is too
wide and reforms are mostly patchy rather than
integrated and comprehensive
May 29- June 1, 2011, Beijing Seminar on Asian Public Administration Reform 14
15. Major issues and challenges
• Building environment and Gaining support
for public administration/governance
reforms
• Strengthening public sector capacity to
meet people’s expectations
• Managing political transition efficiently and
effectively
• Ensuring people’s ownership in public
service
• Enhancing credibility and image with
efficient and quality service
• Managing workplace & workforce diversity
• Nurturing ‘engaged employees’
May 29- June 1, 2011, Beijing Seminar on Asian Public Administration Reform 15
16. issues and challenges……
• Balancing trade union rights with manager’s right to
managemanage
• Inculcating performance culture for results
• Enforcing direct accountability to end the state of
indiscipline and impunity
• Expanding outreach of oversight mechanism
• Moving closer to the citizen to understand and act as per
their real need and expectations
• Matching civil service structure and legal frameworksMatching civil service structure and legal frameworks
with the structure and type of governance system
• Controlling corruption without hampering managers’
innovative initiations & operational autonomy
• Improving the doing business environment and• Improving the doing business environment and
strengthening the contract enforcement mechanism
• Creating conducive environment for economic
governance by putting macro economic policies in order
May 29- June 1, 2011, Beijing Seminar on Asian Public Administration Reform 16
• Making the people feel the need of change and reforms
17. TThe way forward
• Create civic pressure for reforms through
people’s empowerment and transparent
governance
• Ensure that reforms agenda are realistic,
empirically grounded and practical
• Empower civil service with the implementation of
a comprehensive human resource development
plan
• Promote competition for service delivery withPromote competition for service delivery with
greater involvement of community, private
sector and non-governmental organizations
• Simplify and digitize transactions with extensive
use of information and communicationuse of information and communication
technology
• Develop an integrated approach to human
resource management
• Devolve appropriate human resource matters to
May 29- June 1, 2011, Beijing Seminar on Asian Public Administration Reform 17
• Devolve appropriate human resource matters to
line ministries
18. The way forward….
• Make civil service employees and political authority
responsible and accountable with clear role delineation,responsible and accountable with clear role delineation,
improved code of ethics and greater autonomy
• Bring out change in organizational culture with well
planned and carefully managed efforts
• More courtesy and better quality services
• More transparency faster and more reliable responsesMore transparency, faster and more reliable responses
• Delineate clear roles among the senior management, mid
level managers and the front line managers for better
accountability
• Professionalize human resource management through
granting adequate freedom to manage financial and humangranting adequate freedom to manage financial and human
resources to the departments/projects
• Develop business plans of all ministries, departments &
central level offices and devise human resource strategies
during the process of business plan formulation
• Carry out evaluation of reforms from independent panel of• Carry out evaluation of reforms from independent panel of
experts
• Design reforms agenda so as to serve national goals of peace,
stability and economic growth
• Encourage the development partners to act more coherantly
May 29- June 1, 2011, Beijing Seminar on Asian Public Administration Reform 18
• Tackle systems not organizations
• Focus on enhancing public sector capacity
19. TThe way forward….
• Prepare and implement a human resource management
guidelines for development projects with nationalguidelines for development projects with national
priority
• Restructure and revamp training institutions
including Nepal Administrative staff college and
ensue that training program covers behavior &
cognitive learning in addition to the job related
knowledge & skills
• Promote innovation in human resource management
• Crafting creative business plan and strategies
O z t e t t• Organizational restructuring
• Creating social networks
• Enhancing competitiveness
• Job enrichment
• Extensive use of technology• Extensive use of technology
• Annual award for innovation
• Inculcate value driven governance culture to regain
and retain public trust
• Devise appropriate strategies & timing for reforms
May 29- June 1, 2011, Beijing Seminar on Asian Public Administration Reform 19
Devise appropriate strategies & timing for reforms
and ensure effective leadership, management and
coordination among the stakeholders
20. TThe way forward….
• Expand performance based management system to
/more departments/offices
• Introduce and implement strategic human resource
management plan in civil service in line with the
changed values & structure of political governance
• Internalize economic concept in human resource• Internalize economic concept in human resource
management
• Implement the motto ‘Training for all’
• Inculcate a sense of a team spirit in civil service
• Promote healthy and transparent communication with• Promote healthy and transparent communication with
simple appeal process
• Establishment of human resource ministry
• Complete the initiative & implement the policies
“ capability & commitment of senior management human“ capability & commitment of senior management, human
resource sections and line managers is vital &
development partners’ support counts a lot”
• Develop pools of leaders, young managers and
critical mass for reforms
May 29- June 1, 2011, Beijing Seminar on Asian Public Administration Reform 20
• Speed up governance reforms through strategic
communication
21. Findings/Lessons learnt……
• Public administration/governance reforms agenda in nepal so far
are mostly externally driven
• Administrative reforms lack balanced approach since much focus
has been exerted on structural reforms without paying proper
attention on culture and practice
• Capacity deficits continue to be a major problem
• Bureaucracy is politicized and the policy bureaucratizedBureaucracy is politicized and the policy bureaucratized
• Poorly implemented reforms agenda have created a sort of
‘reluctance’ on common people
• Bureaucratic politics is the main impediment of civil service reforms
• Reforms cannot be successful without creating conducive
environment and enhancing public sector capacity for its efficientenvironment and enhancing public sector capacity for its efficient
and effective implementation
• Corruption control is still a daunting task
• Prevalence of ‘democratic deficit’ has created crisis of confidence
between the government and citizen
• Broad based economic growth remains unaccomplished agenda since
economic governance lack due priority
• Protracted transition has caused crisis of governance and
governability in the country
• With over centralization, poor institutional capacity and weak
May 29- June 1, 2011, Beijing Seminar on Asian Public Administration Reform 21
,
accountability enforcement mechanism, efficiency and effectiveness
of public service delivery is far below the expectations
22. Findings/Lessons learnt
• Basic Tenets of Public Administration are still relevant
• Like Administration, ‘management’ or ‘governance’ also haveLike Administration, management or governance also have
contextual meanings
• Public administration as such does not have negative
connotation
• Scope of public administration was already wide at the time of
its genesis: ‘from womb to tomb’its genesis: ‘from womb to tomb’
• Public administration still remains the pre-eminent locus & and
a responsible guarantor of the public interest
• It continues to evolve adapting new methods & practices
• Public administration/governance is under unprecedented• Public administration/governance is under unprecedented
pressure for reforms
• Higher level political authority’s genuine commitment is
critical for successful reforms and the ecology and
sequencing of reforms count a lot
• Internally driven Administration/governance reforms are in
dire need of substantive technical support whereas externally
driven reforms need to be more convincing and should fit into
the context
• Patch work and half cooked agenda are rather counter
May 29- June 1, 2011, Beijing Seminar on Asian Public Administration Reform 22
productive and, thus change in culture, structure and practice
should move together
• Political instability & transition: collaborative communication
23. Thank YouThank You
May 29- June 1, 2011, Beijing Seminar on Asian Public Administration Reform 23