This document discusses neologisms in modern English discourse. It defines neologisms as newly coined terms, words, or phrases. The document outlines several ways that neologisms are created, including combining existing words, redefining word meanings, and borrowing from other languages. Examples are provided of political, computer-related, and theater/cinema neologisms. The conclusion states that neologisms continually appear with social and language developments and globalization.

1. Neologisms as a
Discursive
Element in
Modern English

2. CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION
TYPOLOGY OF NEOLOGISMS
POLITICAL NEOLOGISMS
CONCLUSION
APPENDICES

3. The topicality
The aim
The object

5. Discourse
from Latin discursus, meaning
"running to and from"
"written or spoken
communication"

6. Three types of discourse
1. Informative
2. Narrative
3. Argumentative

7. NEOLOGISMS
(from the Greek νέο-, néo-,
"new", and λόγος, lógos,
"speech", "utterance")
is a newly coined term, word or
phrase

8. The main means of creating neologisms in English are:
1) creation of new words
It is based on those that are already in the language, for example
word to dieselize. This neologism formed from the connection of
the old word diesel and productive suffix –ize;
2) redefining the existing words in the language
e.g. the word egg was received a special meaning – bomb
recently.
3) borrowing from the other languages
Borrowing from the other languages. Borrowing may be direct
(phonetic) and copying, for example:
kolkhoz (direct loan);
collective farm (copying);
4) reduction
Tendency to create new words by reducing existing words or
phrases increased recently in the English language such as:
radar (radio detection and ranging);
Benelux (Belgium, Netherlands, Luxemburg)

9. Typology of Neologisms
1) lexical items referring to
types of computers and
their structure, such as:
personal computer (PC),
supercomputer,
multi-user – "the
computer for a few people",
neurocomputer –
"electronic equivalent of the
human brain" ,
hardware –"computer
parts",
software – "computer
program",
monitor – "computer
screen”;
2) lexical items referring to
types of computer
languages, such as:
BASIC (Beginners All-
purpose Symbolic
Instruction Code),
Fortran (Formula
Translation) and others;

10. 3) lexical units that represent concepts connected with
work on computers, for example:
liveware – "specialists who work at computers",
computerman – "computer expert",
computerize – "to make or develop a program,"
computerization,
to trouble-shoot – "to fix problems on your computer",
to blitz out – "to destroy the data in computer memory,"
etc.

11. Political Neologisms
Neologisms widely uses in art, music, computing, business world, literature, culture, in sports and
also in politics.
genocide (1943)
Dixiecrat (1948)
meritocracy (1958)
pro-life (1961)
homophobia (1969)
political correctness (1970)
Californication (1970s)
pro-choice (1975)
heterosexism (1979)
glocalisation (1980s)
sie and hir (pronouns) (1981)
Republicrat (1985)
astroturfing (1986)
dog-whistle politics (1990)
Islamophobia (1991)
soccer mom (1992)
fauxtography (1996)

12. red state/blue state/swing state (2000)
corporatocracy (2000s)
e-bond (2000)
tweenagers (2000)
e-marketing (2001)
Islamofascism (2001)
iconomania (2002)
santorum (2003)
Chindia (2004)
NASCAR dad (2004)
Saddlebacking (2009)

13.  -Chindia is a portmanteau word that refers to China and
India together in general. The credit of coining the now
popular term goes to Indian Member of Parliament Jairam
Ramesh. China and India are geographically proximate, are
both regarded as growing countries and are both among
the fastest growing major economies in the world.
 -Meritocracy in the first, most administrative sense, is a
system of government or other administration (such as
business administration) wherein appointments and
responsibilities are objectively assigned to individuals based
upon their "merits", namely intelligence, credentials, and
education, determined through evaluations or
examinations.
 - Homophobia is a term used to refer to a range of
negative attitudes and feelings towards lesbian, gay and in
some cases bisexual, transgender people and behavior,
although these are usually covered under other terms such
as biphobia and transphobia.

14.  -Corporatocracy, in social theories that focus on conflicts
and opposing interests within society, denotes a system of
government that serves the interest of, and may be run by,
corporations and involves ties between government and
business.
 -Islamofascism is a neologism which draws an analogy
between the ideological characteristics of specific Islamist
movements from the turn of the 21st century on, and a broad
range of European fascist movements of the early 20th
century, neofascist movements, or totalitarianism.
 -NASCAR dad broadly refers to a demographic group of
often white, usually middle-aged, working-class or lower-
middle-class men in North America. The group received this
nickname because they are men who are believed to typically
enjoy watching NASCAR racing, or comparable high-impact
sports or entertainment.

15. A large number of neologisms appear in
connection with the social changes taking place
in the English language.
In the theatre life there are also a lot of
changes. New types of theatres, and new terms
appeared: theatre of absurd, theatre of cruelty,
son et lumiere (Fr. : sound and light) – "the
theatre with sound and lighting effects", theatre
of fact, black theatre – "Negro Theater", etc.,
among many other neologisms related to
theatrical life the following nouns can be
mentioned, for example: revolve – "revolving
stage" and theatredom – "theatrical world."

16. In the field of cinematography, television and video a
large number of neologisms followed the invention of new
technical facilities: inflight movies – "movies displayed
during the flight on board of an aircraft", inflight
videosystem – "video, used on board of a plane", serial
– "multi-part film with a single plot", series – "multi-part
film series in which each has a separate, complete the
story", satellite-delivered show – "a program
transmitted via satellite“.
For example, the need of nomination in different
jargons generated many neologisms with the second
component -speak: Artsspeak – " artists", Sportsspeak
– "athletes", Medspeak – "doctor", Teacherspeak – "
teacher", Videospeak – " users of video equipment",
Cablespeak – " employees on TV", etc.

18. Conclusion
Each year thousands of neologisms are
appeared in developed languages. Thus, a
neologism is a newly coined word or phrase or
a new meaning for an existing word, or a word
borrowed from another language.
Neologisms will not stop appearing in the
process of social development and under the
conditions of globalization. The theme of our
study is still topical and need further scientific
research.