4. - According to PhillipTaylor, a speech is a public form of
expression, as spoken, written, or sign language.
- In literature, a speech is a public discourse performed by an
orator.
- Through speech, someone can deliver ideas or information
throughout his/her feeling.
- Speeches help create a space for people to discuss policies
that affect society, either after a decision is made or during
the decision-making process.
6. 1. Informative speech is a type of speech that teaches new
information to an audience without any persuasive
undertones. (ex: professional presentation or business
marketing)
2. Persuasive speech is given to influence the way an
audience feels about the speech topic. (ex: sales
marketing, motivational seminar, etc)
According to Jorday Gray, there are 5 types of
speech:
7. 3. Demonstrative speech is another type of speech that
teaches an audience how to do something. (ex; training and
workshop).
4. Entertaining speech is used to amuse, entertain, or engage
an audience. (ex: comedy clubs or stand up shows).
5. Specialocassion speech is part of a bigger ceremony and do
not serve as the main event. (ex; wedding, graduation, etc)
9. Greece
Although evidence of public speaking training exists in
ancient Egypt, the first known writing on oratory is 2,000
years old from ancient Greece. This work elaborates on
principles drawn from the practices and experiences of
ancient Greek orators.
10. Aristotle was one of the first oratory teachers to use definitive
rules and models. One of his key insights was that speakers
always combine, to varying degrees, three things: reasoning,
which he called Logos; credentials, which he called Ethos; and
emotion, which he called Pathos. Aristotle's work became an
essential part of a liberal arts education during the Middle
Ages and the Renaissance. The classical antiquity works by the
ancient Greeks capture how they taught and developed the art
of public speaking thousands of years ago.
11. In classical Greece and Rome, rhetoric was the main
component of composition and speech delivery, both critical
skills for use in public and private life. In ancient Greece,
citizens spoke for themselves rather than having
professionals, such as modern lawyers, speak for them. Any
citizen who wished to succeed in court, politics, or social life
had to learn public speaking techniques. Rhetorical tools were
first taught by a group of teachers called Sophists, who taught
paying students how to speak effectively using their methods.
12. Separately from the Sophists, Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle
developed their theories of public speaking, teaching these
principles to students interested in learning rhetorical skills.
Plato founded The academy and Aristotle founded The
Lyceum to teach these skills.
13. Rome
During the political rise of the Roman Republic, Roman
orators copied and modified the ancient Greek techniques of
public speaking. Instruction in rhetoric developed into a full
curriculum, including instruction in grammar (study of the
poets), preliminary exercises (progymnasmata), and
preparation of public speeches (declamation) in both forensic
and deliberative genres.
14. The Latin style of rhetoric was heavily influenced by Cicero and
emphasized a broad education in all areas of the humanities.
Other areas of rhetorical study included the use of wit and
humor, the appeal to the listener's emotions, and the use of
digressions. Oratory in the Roman Empire, though less central
to political life than during the Republic, remained important
in law and entertainment. Famous orators were celebrities in
ancient Rome, becoming wealthy and prominent in society.
15. The ornate Latin style was the primary form of oration
through the mid-20th century. After World War II and the
increased use of film and television, the Latin oration style
began to fall out of favor. This cultural change likely had to do
with the rise of the scientific method and the emphasis on a
"plain" style of speaking and writing. Even today's formal
oratory is much less ornate than in the Classical Era.
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