Nelson Mandela was a South African anti-apartheid revolutionary and politician who served as President of South Africa from 1994 to 1999. He was imprisoned for 27 years for opposing apartheid but emerged from prison to successfully negotiate an end to apartheid and run for the presidency in the first free election in 1994. The document highlights Mandela's journey from anti-apartheid activist to his election and term as the first black President of South Africa, establishing him as a global symbol of reconciliation, forgiveness, and democracy.