Nelson Mandela was a South African anti-apartheid revolutionary and politician who served as President of South Africa from 1994 to 1999. He was born in 1918 and became involved in activism against racial segregation and discrimination. In the 1960s he was sentenced to life imprisonment for conspiring to overthrow the state. He spent 27 years in prison before being released in 1990. Following his release, Mandela negotiated an end to apartheid and oversaw the establishment of multi-racial democracy. He received numerous honors for his work to promote racial reconciliation and was the first black president of South Africa.
A beautiful extract from Nelson Mandela's Autobiography "Long Walk To Freedom" that reveals the hard realities of his struggling life, meaning of freedom during childhood, youth and the terrific brutal behaviour of the British...
Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela was a South African anti-apartheid revolutionary, political leader, and philanthropist who served as President of South Africa from 1994 to 1999.
A beautiful extract from Nelson Mandela's Autobiography "Long Walk To Freedom" that reveals the hard realities of his struggling life, meaning of freedom during childhood, youth and the terrific brutal behaviour of the British...
Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela was a South African anti-apartheid revolutionary, political leader, and philanthropist who served as President of South Africa from 1994 to 1999.
This ppt talks about the history of South Africa and its struggles to overcome the regime of apartheid laws, that were enforced upon its colonization by the British and the Dutch.
role of women and girls in various terror groupssadiakorobi2
Women have three distinct types of involvement: direct involvement in terrorist acts; enabling of others to commit such acts; and facilitating the disengagement of others from violent or extremist groups.
‘वोटर्स विल मस्ट प्रीवेल’ (मतदाताओं को जीतना होगा) अभियान द्वारा जारी हेल्पलाइन नंबर, 4 जून को सुबह 7 बजे से दोपहर 12 बजे तक मतगणना प्रक्रिया में कहीं भी किसी भी तरह के उल्लंघन की रिपोर्ट करने के लिए खुला रहेगा।
01062024_First India Newspaper Jaipur.pdfFIRST INDIA
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27052024_First India Newspaper Jaipur.pdfFIRST INDIA
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In a May 9, 2024 paper, Juri Opitz from the University of Zurich, along with Shira Wein and Nathan Schneider form Georgetown University, discussed the importance of linguistic expertise in natural language processing (NLP) in an era dominated by large language models (LLMs).
The authors explained that while machine translation (MT) previously relied heavily on linguists, the landscape has shifted. “Linguistics is no longer front and center in the way we build NLP systems,” they said. With the emergence of LLMs, which can generate fluent text without the need for specialized modules to handle grammar or semantic coherence, the need for linguistic expertise in NLP is being questioned.
Future Of Fintech In India | Evolution Of Fintech In IndiaTheUnitedIndian
Navigating the Future of Fintech in India: Insights into how AI, blockchain, and digital payments are driving unprecedented growth in India's fintech industry, redefining financial services and accessibility.
Welcome to the new Mizzima Weekly !
Mizzima Media Group is pleased to announce the relaunch of Mizzima Weekly. Mizzima is dedicated to helping our readers and viewers keep up to date on the latest developments in Myanmar and related to Myanmar by offering analysis and insight into the subjects that matter. Our websites and our social media channels provide readers and viewers with up-to-the-minute and up-to-date news, which we don’t necessarily need to replicate in our Mizzima Weekly magazine. But where we see a gap is in providing more analysis, insight and in-depth coverage of Myanmar, that is of particular interest to a range of readers.
31052024_First India Newspaper Jaipur.pdfFIRST INDIA
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03062024_First India Newspaper Jaipur.pdfFIRST INDIA
Find Latest India News and Breaking News these days from India on Politics, Business, Entertainment, Technology, Sports, Lifestyle and Coronavirus News in India and the world over that you can't miss. For real time update Visit our social media handle. Read First India NewsPaper in your morning replace. Visit First India.
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हम आग्रह करते हैं कि जो भी सत्ता में आए, वह संविधान का पालन करे, उसकी रक्षा करे और उसे बनाए रखे।" प्रस्ताव में कुल तीन प्रमुख हस्तक्षेप और उनके तंत्र भी प्रस्तुत किए गए। पहला हस्तक्षेप स्वतंत्र मीडिया को प्रोत्साहित करके, वास्तविकता पर आधारित काउंटर नैरेटिव का निर्माण करके और सत्तारूढ़ सरकार द्वारा नियोजित मनोवैज्ञानिक हेरफेर की रणनीति का मुकाबला करके लोगों द्वारा निर्धारित कथा को बनाए रखना और उस पर कार्यकरना था।
ys jagan mohan reddy political career, Biography.pdfVoterMood
Yeduguri Sandinti Jagan Mohan Reddy, often referred to as Y.S. Jagan Mohan Reddy, is an Indian politician who currently serves as the Chief Minister of the state of Andhra Pradesh. He was born on December 21, 1972, in Pulivendula, Andhra Pradesh, to Yeduguri Sandinti Rajasekhara Reddy (popularly known as YSR), a former Chief Minister of Andhra Pradesh, and Y.S. Vijayamma.
2. Topics
• family
• AIDS work
• future?
• biography
• political career
• time in prison
• peace work
3. Biography
• Rolihlahla Dalibhunga
Mandela was born in Mvezo
near Umtata on 18th July
1918
• his father Henry Mgdala
Mandela was a chief of the
Thembus
• his family was quite wealthy
⇒ Mandela had a happy
childhood
• at the age of nine he lost his
father
• he was given his British
name “Nelson“ at a
Methodist school
4. • 1939: Mandela studied at
“Fort Hare College“, where
he met Oliver Tambo
⇒ there he was first
confronted with the injustice
of the supremacy¹ of the
whites
• after a students‘ strike
Mandela and Tambo were
expelled²
• he met Walter Sisulu who
arranged a place at
“Witwatersrand university“
where he finished his law
studies
¹ - Vormachtsstellung
² - verwiesen
5. Political career
• as a student Mandela got
involved in the political
opposition which struggled
for equal rights for the black
majority
• 1944: he joined the African
National Congress (ANC)
and two years later he
founded the Youth League
of the ANC (ANCYL) with
Tambo and Sisulu
• after the National Party had
won the election¹ the ANC
was forced to fight harder
against Apartheid
¹ - Wahl
6. • Mandela demanded:
→ the preservation¹ of full
citizenship for everyone
→ direct representation² of
all South-Africans in
Parliament
→ the right of trade unions,
education and culture for
everyone
→ compulsory school
attendance³ for everybody
• 1952: Mandela, who had
become the president of the
ANC and ANCYL, travelled
through the country to call
upon the population to
protest
• because of this Defiance
Campaign4
he received a
nine months suspended
sentence with probation5
1
– Erhaltung 2
– Vertretung 3
– Schulpflicht
4
– Missachtungskampagne 5
–
auf Bewährung
7. • 1956: Mandela and others were accused of high treason¹
⇒ 1961: the defendants were set free
• 1960: after the Sharpeville massacre the ANC was forbidden
⇒ his attitude changed, he accepted that violence was
necessary
• 1961: Mandela founded the armed wing of the ANC, the
Umkhonto we Sizwe (Spear of the nation)
• because of forbidden journeys abroad he was sentenced to five
years imprisonment
• police found documents of
the ANC which incriminated²
Mandela and other members
⇒ they were condemned³ to
lifelong imprisonment
¹- Hochverrat ² - belasten
³- verurteilt
8. Time in prison
• He spent 18 years of his
prison time on Robben
Island
→ lived in a 4 sqm- cell
→ black prisoners weren‘t
considered to be human
beings
• they developed the so-called
“Mandela University“ where
they passed on the political
views and the history of the
ANC
⇒ 1982: they were sent to
Pollsmore Prison
• 1985: Mandela refused a
possibility to get free
because he would have to
stop fighting violently
9. • many people demonstrated
for Mandela‘s release¹
→ also many important
politicians visited him
• 1988: he was moved to a
prison near Paarl, where he
didn‘t feel like a prisoner any
more
• Frederik Willem de Klerk
became leader of the
National Party and president
of south Africa
→ he abolished the ban on
the ANC
• after the pressure of the
ANC and foreign
organisations and with the
help of de Klerk Mandela
was released in 1990
¹ - Freilassung
10. Peace work
• 1990-1994: after his release he started to
negotiate¹ with all sections of the
population
→ Mandela and de Klerk received the
Noble Peace Prize
• 1994: Mandela became the first
democratically elected president of South
Africa
• he fought for better relationships between
the black and the white population
• he developed a new constitution²
• 1999: Mbeki, who was also his successor³
in the ANC, replaced him as president
• 2000: he worked as a mediator in Burundi
and helped to develop a peace treaty4
1
– verhandeln 2
– Verfassung 3
- Nachfolger 4
- Friedensvertrag
11. Family
• Mandela has been married three times
• 1944: marriage with Evelyn Ntoko Mase
→ they had five children, but two died
→ 1957: the marriage was divorced
• 1958: he married Winnie Nomzamo
Madikizela
→ they had a son together, Makgatho
Mandela
→ 1996: they were divorced
• 1998: Mandela married Graça Machel
• January 2005: Mandela’s second son
died of AIDS
12. AIDS work
• 2002: Nelson Mandela‘s
worldwide campaign “46664“
against AIDS was founded
→ 46664 was his prison
number on Robben Island
• aim of the organisation is to
inform people about AIDS
and how important it is to
protect oneself
→ live events with famous
people such as Will Smith are
organized
13. Future?
⇒ What will happen when Mandela is dead?
• Mandela works for peace between whites and blacks
• many blacks are angry at the whites because a lot of them still
experienced what Apartheid was like
→ Mandela stops them from taking revenge
• “When Mandela is dead, the whites will die like flies!“
• hypothesis:
→ civil war?
→ whites being murdered?
→ blacks will oppress whites?
→ or whites will oppress blacks again?