Nelson Mandela, born in 1918, was a prominent anti-apartheid revolutionary who co-founded the African National Congress Youth League and pursued equality for South Africans. After spending 27 years in prison, he became South Africa's first democratically elected president in 1994, focusing on reconciliation and constitutional development. Additionally, Mandela advocated for AIDS awareness through his campaign "46664" and was revered for his peace efforts, prompting concerns about South Africa's future after his passing.

1. Nelson Mandela

2. Topics
• family
• AIDS work
• future?
• biography
• political career
• time in prison
• peace work

3. Biography
• Rolihlahla Dalibhunga
Mandela was born in Mvezo
near Umtata on 18th July
1918
• his father Henry Mgdala
Mandela was a chief of the
Thembus
• his family was quite wealthy
Þ Mandela had a happy
childhood
• at the age of nine he lost his
father
• he was given his British
name “Nelson“ at a
Methodist school

4. • 1939: Mandela studied at
“Fort Hare College“, where
he met Oliver Tambo
Þ there he was first
confronted with the injustice
of the supremacy¹ of the
whites
• after a students‘ strike
Mandela and Tambo were
expelled²
• he met Walter Sisulu who
arranged a place at
“Witwatersrand university“
where he finished his law
studies
¹ - Vormachtsstellung
² - verwiesen

5. Political career
• as a student Mandela got
involved in the political
opposition which struggled
for equal rights for the black
majority
• 1944: he joined the African
National Congress (ANC)
and two years later he
founded the Youth League
of the ANC (ANCYL) with
Tambo and Sisulu
• after the National Party had
won the election¹ the ANC
was forced to fight harder
against Apartheid
¹ - Wahl

6. • Mandela demanded:
→ the preservation¹ of full
citizenship for everyone
→ direct representation² of
all South-Africans in
Parliament
→ the right of trade unions,
education and culture for
everyone
→ compulsory school
attendance³ for everybody
• 1952: Mandela, who had
become the president of the
ANC and ANCYL, travelled
through the country to call
upon the population to
protest
• because of this Defiance
Campaign4 he received a
nine months suspended
sentence with probation5
1 – Erhaltung 2 – Vertretung 3 – Schulpflicht
4 – Missachtungskampagne 5 –
auf Bewährung

7. • 1956: Mandela and others were accused of high treason¹
Þ 1961: the defendants were set free
• 1960: after the Sharpeville massacre the ANC was forbidden
Þ his attitude changed, he accepted that violence was
necessary
• 1961: Mandela founded the armed wing of the ANC, the
Umkhonto we Sizwe (Spear of the nation)
• because of forbidden journeys abroad he was sentenced to five
years imprisonment
• police found documents of
the ANC which incriminated²
Mandela and other members
Þ they were condemned³ to
lifelong imprisonment
¹- Hochverrat ² - belasten
³- verurteilt

8. Time in prison
• He spent 18 years of his
prison time on Robben
Island
→ lived in a 4 sqm- cell
→ black prisoners weren‘t
considered to be human
beings
• they developed the so-called
“Mandela University“ where
they passed on the political
views and the history of the
ANC
Þ 1982: they were sent to
Pollsmore Prison
• 1985: Mandela refused a
possibility to get free
because he would have to
stop fighting violently

9. • many people demonstrated
for Mandela‘s release¹
→ also many important
politicians visited him
• 1988: he was moved to a
prison near Paarl, where he
didn‘t feel like a prisoner any
more
• Frederik Willem de Klerk
became leader of the
National Party and president
of south Africa
→ he abolished the ban on
the ANC
• after the pressure of the
ANC and foreign
organisations and with the
help of de Klerk Mandela
was released in 1990
¹ - Freilassung

10. Peace work
• 1990-1994: after his release he started to
negotiate¹ with all sections of the
population
→ Mandela and de Klerk received the
Noble Peace Prize
• 1994: Mandela became the first
democratically elected president of South
Africa
• he fought for better relationships between
the black and the white population
• he developed a new constitution²
• 1999: Mbeki, who was also his successor³
in the ANC, replaced him as president
• 2000: he worked as a mediator in Burundi
and helped to develop a peace treaty4
1 – verhandeln 2 – Verfassung 3 - Nachfolger 4 - Friedensvertrag

11. Family
• Mandela has been married three times
• 1944: marriage with Evelyn Ntoko Mase
→ they had five children, but two died
→ 1957: the marriage was divorced
• 1958: he married Winnie Nomzamo
Madikizela
→ they had a son together, Makgatho
Mandela
→ 1996: they were divorced
• 1998: Mandela married Graça Machel
• January 2005: Mandela’s second son
died of AIDS

12. AIDS work
• 2002: Nelson Mandela‘s
worldwide campaign “46664“
against AIDS was founded
→ 46664 was his prison
number on Robben Island
• aim of the organisation is to
inform people about AIDS
and how important it is to
protect oneself
→ live events with famous
people such as Will Smith are
organized

13. Future?
Þ What will happen when Mandela is dead?
• Mandela works for peace between whites and blacks
• many blacks are angry at the whites because a lot of them still
experienced what Apartheid was like
→ Mandela stops them from taking revenge
• “When Mandela is dead, the whites will die like flies!“
• hypothesis:
→ civil war?
→ whites being murdered?
→ blacks will oppress whites?
→ or whites will oppress blacks again?

14. This was a
presentation by:
Shubham .S .B