The document discusses two ocular biosensors for continuous glucose monitoring: NovioSense and a smart contact lens. NovioSense is an ocusert that measures glucose levels in tears using glucose oxidase and generates a proportional electric signal. It has shown reliable results comparable to blood glucose levels. A smart contact lens developed by Professor Park uses transparent, flexible materials and wireless antennas to allow real-time health monitoring without obscuring vision. Both devices offer potential non-invasive alternatives to current glucose monitoring methods.

1. Ocular biosensors for
continuous glucose
monitoring
Submitted by:
N.Imrankhan
20P08210
I M Pharm
Department of Pharmaceutics
JSS COLLEGE OF PHARMACY OOTY
Guided by :
Dr.V.Senthil

2. Contents
• Abstract
• Introduction
• Essentiality of Tear
• Glucose Measurement
• NovioSense Glucose monitor
• Smart contact lens
• Why NovioSense may be efficient
• Conclusion

3. Abstract
Continuous glucose monitoring has been a challenge for
many years and many of the diabetic patients progress into
severe diabetic complications due to lack of continuous
monitoring. In the upcoming slides we are going to discuss
about the ocular biosensors which have been developed for
this cause. We shall discuss about NovioSense and a smart
contact lens and their functionality. We shall also discuss
about the role of tear in this cause and similarity of tear
derived value to normal blood glucose value.

4. Introduction
• One of the most common way of monitoring glucose is by determining
the blood glucose level, some other method is by using the intestinal
fluid, but both can have its drawbacks when it comes to certain aspects.
• One other alternate is the calculation of glucose from tear fluid and it is
also a non invasive route.
• Both contact lenses and ocuserts have been in practise among people
for quite a period of time and lenses being the most popular ones.
• Biosensors are those which convert biological signals from the body into
electrical signals.
• Both the NovioSense and smart lens work on the same principle of
converting the tear glucose level into proportionate amount of
electronic signals.

5. Essentiality of Tear
• Among the body fluids present tear is a fluid that is composed of multiple
substances which in turn proves to be an efficient way to monitor or
diagnose many diseases.
• Tear can be classified into three types 1. Basal 2. Reflex 3. Psychic.
• Basal tears are those which are present always, Reflex tears are produced
in conditions of stress whereas the psychic tears are produced in response
to emotions.
• Tears contain numerous biomarkers that have helped us in the diagnosis
of multiple diseases for example LCN-1, Lactotransferin, lacritin and o
linked gycans have been used to diagnose diabetic retinopathy.
• Tear fluids have also been known to contain glucose which is being
measured by the ocular biosensors.

6. Glucose measurement
• Most glucometers today use an electrochemical method. Test strips
contain a capillary that sucks up a reproducible amount of blood.
• The glucose in the blood reacts with an enzyme electrode containing
glucose oxidase (or dehydrogenase). The enzyme is reoxidized with an
excess of a mediator reagent, such as a ferricyanide ion, a ferrocene
derivative or osmium bipyridyl complex.
• The mediator in turn is reoxidized by reaction at the electrode, which
generates an electric current. The total charge passing through the
electrode is proportional to the amount of glucose in the blood that has
reacted with the enzyme.
• The coulometic method is a technique where the total amount of charge
generated by the glucose oxidation reaction is measured over a period of
time.

7. NovioSense Glucose
Monitor
• It is a ocusert based glucose monitor which was developed by the Dutch firm
NovioSense and the glucose measurement obtained by it are reliable and are
comparable to blood glucose level.
• It is placed under the eyelids which makes it comfortable and invisible to others.
• It is a metallic coil surrounded by a hydrogel that contains the enzyme glucose
oxidase which is the commonly used enzyme in other glucometers.
• Based on the extent of the reaction with glucose oxidase a electric signal is
produced which is detected by a nanosensor in the metallic coil.
• It is currently under clinical trials but the CEO of Noviosnese has told that the
end product will contain a microchip that transmits the data to our mobiles or
any other electronic gadget.

8. NovioSense
Fig 1: NovioSense
Fig 2: Diagrammatic
representation of
NovioSense’s working parts

9. Smart Contact Lens
• Professor Park and his research team affiliated with Ulsan National
Institute of Science and Technology developed a smart lens for diagnosis
of diseases like glaucoma and diabetes mellitus.
• The major problem in developing a smart lens was that the wires and
antennas obscured the view of the users and Professor Park and his team
overcame this hurdle by using materials that were transparent and
flexible.
• This smart lens through embedded wireless antennas can allows real
time monitoring of the patients health.
• Animal studies were done to primarily identifying any obscurities in sight
and vision and the study revealed that the smart lens was comfortable
and had no obscurities.

10. Smart Lens
Fig 3: Smart lens
Fig 4: Detailed view of the Smart lens

11. Why is NovioSense may be
efficient
• Unlike other optical biosensors which was based on
reflex tears NovioSense’s working is based on the basal
tears that have not intervening environmental factors.
• The results obtained from the tears of NovioSense’s
were similar to that of the blood glucose level or fell
within the acceptable range of error.
• The CEO of NovioSense has also claimed that this will be
cost efficient compared to the other products in the
market .

12. Conclusion
• Given the promising data from both the biosensors a
non invasive method for monitoring blood glucose
level at a high efficient rate may soon be introduced.
• This might also pave way for the use of tear fluid to
identify or diagnose even more diseases and may
prove to be helpful in preventing the occurrence of
certain diseases.

13. THANK YOU