Research focused on interpreters and interpreting has great potential to inform and improve interpreter training. In this webinar, Professor Ineke Crezee will describe a research project aimed at better understanding communication patterns in healthcare interactions, specifically with regard to the use of informal idiomatic language as part of the establishment of patient-provider rapport. She will report on the research findings and discuss the implications and import for interpreter training. She will then describe approaches and strategies for integrating research findings into interpreter training activities, with specific examples drawing on the research study presented at the beginning of the webinar.
This webinar presented strategies for preparing medical interpreters to take computer-based certification exams. The presenter discussed assessing candidates' needs, organizing preparation sessions around exam content and format, and providing feedback to improve interpreting skills. Key activities included practicing sample questions, setting goals for interpreting practice, and self-assessing with feedback. Lessons learned highlighted reducing test anxiety and the value of encouragement and accountability partners during the preparation process. Resources for additional practice exams were also shared.
The document describes a webinar presentation on teaching sight translation given by Rachel Herring for the National Council on Interpreting in Health Care. The webinar covered an overview of sight translation and its uses, challenges of sight translation as a performance skill, approaches to teaching and practicing it, and considerations around deciding when to sight translate. The webinar provided techniques, tips, and sample scripts for teaching sight translation effectively and addressing common situations interpreters encounter.
Context matters in the practice of interpreting but too often the complexities and implications of context are not adequately defined in interpreter training. Instead, learning about the many and varied contexts that interpreters are called into is left to on-the-job experience.
Over the last twenty years, Robyn Dean and Robert Pollard have offered practitioners, educators, and trainers ways to identify and talk about the interpreting context and how to more effectively prepare interpreters for working in those contexts. Much of that work has been devoted to the contexts of medical and mental health.
This presentation explains how medical interpreting educators can help to not only define context but teach it and assess practitioners’ ability to understand and apply it in professional practice. As medical education has worked to improve the clinical skills of providers so too should medical interpreter education. This can happen by bringing interpreter practitioners incrementally closer to the medical contexts, that is to improve and assess their clinical skills.
In this workshop, we discuss the use of demand control schema (DCS) as a framework for making ethical decisions in interpreting and as a strategy for professional development. Within healthcare, there are a wide variety of specializations. While it is not realistic to expect that interpreters be intimately familiar with all of these settings, they are often faced with the challenge of navigating the demands in unfamiliar medical environments. This workshop examines strategies used by interpreters to facilitate effective communication in one of these specialized settings – genetic counseling.
Traditionally, interpreter training programs focus on the technical aspects of the job, along with an emphasis on rule-based approaches to ethical decision making. However, ethical decisions require thoughtful consideration and reflection of the entire setting, including linguistic skills, ongoing analysis of the subject matter, interaction among discourse participants, cultural knowledge, and the resilience to make moment-by-moment decisions.
This workshop exemplifies that interpreters who are well versed in DCS are better equipped to analyze the interpreting situation than those without DCS training. A structure will be provided for discussing the work using non-judgmental, evaluative, concrete language, which can be used for guiding interpreters to recognize the impact they have on the interpreting environment
Interpreter trainers will gain an appreciation for their responsibility to impart the concept of interpreting as a practice profession that requires professional development, including mentoring and performance feedback, throughout the professional interpreter’s career.
Learning Objectives:
To recognize the components of interpreting that categorize it as a practice profession.
To understand the use and benefits of DCS for effective interpreting practice, and ethical decision-making in content-specific medical specializations, such as genetic counseling.
To learn about the importance of supervision in practice professions and how to utilize the DCS framework for effective supervisory conversations.
Calling all interpreter trainers! Join us for this live webinar for interpreter trainers on teaching cultural competency in health care interpreter training programs. This webinar will present a pedagogical framework and practical strategies that interpreter trainers can use to teach interpreters how to perform cultural mediation, rather than act as cultural arbiters themselves.
After attending this 90-minute webinar, interpreter trainers will be able to:
1. Identify three key concepts in cultural competence to teach to medical interpreters.
2. List and become familiar with the steps, sample scripts and framework for teaching interpreters to perform safe, effective cultural mediation (AKA culture brokering).
3. Explore the LEARN model as a framework for teaching cultural mediation.
In multilingual healthcare encounters, the best conditions for meaningful participation and communication exist when the participants jointly manage the encounter. This entails co-constructing and tightly coordinating the dialogue while pacing the flow, and taking into consideration the setting, cultural, and contextual factors, as well as the needs, roles, and limitations of the participants.
To achieve this goal, interpreters frequently have to intervene to explain or clarify. This can include informing the participants about impediments to meaningful communication (lengthy or overly technical utterances, verifying intended meaning, etc.) Ideally, interpreters should inform participants about their own limitations in order to manage the flow with confidence.
In general, in the teaching of consecutive interpretation (CI) the emphasis has been on encouraging interpreters to develop technical skills to gain the ability to retain long utterances without having to interrupt the participants. However, prioritizing technical mastery fails to address the higher need to focus on the existing conditions, goals, and disparities often found in an encounter. Failure to do so can lead to an oversight of the actual communication needs of all participants, primarily those without formal education or shared cultural background.
In this webinar, the presenter will concentrate on the reassessment of priorities in the teaching of CI from this perspective.
Learning Objectives:
Reassess the teaching of consecutive interpretation from the perspective of core values and ethical canons.
Review and eventually adopt conceptual approaches and cognitive and technical concepts, strategies, and resources for the teaching of CI, including memory and note-taking.
This webinar will provide an overview of the Role-Space model developed by Peter Llewellyn-Jones and Robert G. Lee. The core premise is that a role is not something we have, rather is it something we do. The model proposes three interrelated dimensions of interpreter decision making and behavior: interaction management, participant alignment and the presentation of self. The interaction between and amongst these axes forms the role-space that an interpreter occupies in an interaction. Before learning to interpret, students must be aware of their own communicative behaviors in the languages and cultures with which they work before applying them cross-linguistically and cross-culturally. Examples from the trainer’s own interpreting and teaching practice will be provided to illustrate applications of the model.
Simultaneous interpreting is tested by one of the national certifying entities for healthcare interpreters, yet trainers do not always include it in their offerings and sometimes interpreters are ill equipped or hesitant to use it in a medical context. This webinar will address these gaps on why and how to teach simultaneous interpreting to healthcare interpreters, and is structured with them in mind, presenting 1) the reasoning and context of training interpreters in this mode, and 2) the techniques and tools for doing so. The presenter will discuss a bit of theoretical underpinnings, best practices for simultaneous, a decision-making tool for when to use it, practical ways to incorporate it into classroom-based and remote education, outcome measures, and how to provide constructive feedback. Current technological options will be heavily featured – no need for tape decks or audio labs!
This webinar presented strategies for preparing medical interpreters to take computer-based certification exams. The presenter discussed assessing candidates' needs, organizing preparation sessions around exam content and format, and providing feedback to improve interpreting skills. Key activities included practicing sample questions, setting goals for interpreting practice, and self-assessing with feedback. Lessons learned highlighted reducing test anxiety and the value of encouragement and accountability partners during the preparation process. Resources for additional practice exams were also shared.
The document describes a webinar presentation on teaching sight translation given by Rachel Herring for the National Council on Interpreting in Health Care. The webinar covered an overview of sight translation and its uses, challenges of sight translation as a performance skill, approaches to teaching and practicing it, and considerations around deciding when to sight translate. The webinar provided techniques, tips, and sample scripts for teaching sight translation effectively and addressing common situations interpreters encounter.
Context matters in the practice of interpreting but too often the complexities and implications of context are not adequately defined in interpreter training. Instead, learning about the many and varied contexts that interpreters are called into is left to on-the-job experience.
Over the last twenty years, Robyn Dean and Robert Pollard have offered practitioners, educators, and trainers ways to identify and talk about the interpreting context and how to more effectively prepare interpreters for working in those contexts. Much of that work has been devoted to the contexts of medical and mental health.
This presentation explains how medical interpreting educators can help to not only define context but teach it and assess practitioners’ ability to understand and apply it in professional practice. As medical education has worked to improve the clinical skills of providers so too should medical interpreter education. This can happen by bringing interpreter practitioners incrementally closer to the medical contexts, that is to improve and assess their clinical skills.
In this workshop, we discuss the use of demand control schema (DCS) as a framework for making ethical decisions in interpreting and as a strategy for professional development. Within healthcare, there are a wide variety of specializations. While it is not realistic to expect that interpreters be intimately familiar with all of these settings, they are often faced with the challenge of navigating the demands in unfamiliar medical environments. This workshop examines strategies used by interpreters to facilitate effective communication in one of these specialized settings – genetic counseling.
Traditionally, interpreter training programs focus on the technical aspects of the job, along with an emphasis on rule-based approaches to ethical decision making. However, ethical decisions require thoughtful consideration and reflection of the entire setting, including linguistic skills, ongoing analysis of the subject matter, interaction among discourse participants, cultural knowledge, and the resilience to make moment-by-moment decisions.
This workshop exemplifies that interpreters who are well versed in DCS are better equipped to analyze the interpreting situation than those without DCS training. A structure will be provided for discussing the work using non-judgmental, evaluative, concrete language, which can be used for guiding interpreters to recognize the impact they have on the interpreting environment
Interpreter trainers will gain an appreciation for their responsibility to impart the concept of interpreting as a practice profession that requires professional development, including mentoring and performance feedback, throughout the professional interpreter’s career.
Learning Objectives:
To recognize the components of interpreting that categorize it as a practice profession.
To understand the use and benefits of DCS for effective interpreting practice, and ethical decision-making in content-specific medical specializations, such as genetic counseling.
To learn about the importance of supervision in practice professions and how to utilize the DCS framework for effective supervisory conversations.
Calling all interpreter trainers! Join us for this live webinar for interpreter trainers on teaching cultural competency in health care interpreter training programs. This webinar will present a pedagogical framework and practical strategies that interpreter trainers can use to teach interpreters how to perform cultural mediation, rather than act as cultural arbiters themselves.
After attending this 90-minute webinar, interpreter trainers will be able to:
1. Identify three key concepts in cultural competence to teach to medical interpreters.
2. List and become familiar with the steps, sample scripts and framework for teaching interpreters to perform safe, effective cultural mediation (AKA culture brokering).
3. Explore the LEARN model as a framework for teaching cultural mediation.
In multilingual healthcare encounters, the best conditions for meaningful participation and communication exist when the participants jointly manage the encounter. This entails co-constructing and tightly coordinating the dialogue while pacing the flow, and taking into consideration the setting, cultural, and contextual factors, as well as the needs, roles, and limitations of the participants.
To achieve this goal, interpreters frequently have to intervene to explain or clarify. This can include informing the participants about impediments to meaningful communication (lengthy or overly technical utterances, verifying intended meaning, etc.) Ideally, interpreters should inform participants about their own limitations in order to manage the flow with confidence.
In general, in the teaching of consecutive interpretation (CI) the emphasis has been on encouraging interpreters to develop technical skills to gain the ability to retain long utterances without having to interrupt the participants. However, prioritizing technical mastery fails to address the higher need to focus on the existing conditions, goals, and disparities often found in an encounter. Failure to do so can lead to an oversight of the actual communication needs of all participants, primarily those without formal education or shared cultural background.
In this webinar, the presenter will concentrate on the reassessment of priorities in the teaching of CI from this perspective.
Learning Objectives:
Reassess the teaching of consecutive interpretation from the perspective of core values and ethical canons.
Review and eventually adopt conceptual approaches and cognitive and technical concepts, strategies, and resources for the teaching of CI, including memory and note-taking.
This webinar will provide an overview of the Role-Space model developed by Peter Llewellyn-Jones and Robert G. Lee. The core premise is that a role is not something we have, rather is it something we do. The model proposes three interrelated dimensions of interpreter decision making and behavior: interaction management, participant alignment and the presentation of self. The interaction between and amongst these axes forms the role-space that an interpreter occupies in an interaction. Before learning to interpret, students must be aware of their own communicative behaviors in the languages and cultures with which they work before applying them cross-linguistically and cross-culturally. Examples from the trainer’s own interpreting and teaching practice will be provided to illustrate applications of the model.
Simultaneous interpreting is tested by one of the national certifying entities for healthcare interpreters, yet trainers do not always include it in their offerings and sometimes interpreters are ill equipped or hesitant to use it in a medical context. This webinar will address these gaps on why and how to teach simultaneous interpreting to healthcare interpreters, and is structured with them in mind, presenting 1) the reasoning and context of training interpreters in this mode, and 2) the techniques and tools for doing so. The presenter will discuss a bit of theoretical underpinnings, best practices for simultaneous, a decision-making tool for when to use it, practical ways to incorporate it into classroom-based and remote education, outcome measures, and how to provide constructive feedback. Current technological options will be heavily featured – no need for tape decks or audio labs!
Ethics are at the core of any professional practice. Healthcare interpreting requires interpreters to respond to a wide array of difficult situations in an ethical manner. Trainers of Healthcare Interpreters must provide their students with both an understanding of interpreter ethics and practice in applying them. During this 90-minute webinar for interpreter trainers, veteran trainer Cindy Roat shared three different frameworks for introducing and practicing interpreter ethics; frameworks that can be implemented in an hour, a day or a semester. Specific problems in teaching ethical decision-making were discussed. http://www.ncihc.org/trainerswebinars
Interpreter services managers are responsible for ensuring safe and effective provision of language services regardless of the circumstances - from filling the demand for services, to supporting interpreter staff, to working within the available resources, and so much more. The managers’ responsibility has never been an easy charge, and the current COVID-19 pandemic and resulting public health crisis has been no exception.
In this webinar-based panel discussion, panelist from different regions of the USA will reflect on their experiences of managing interpreter services during the public health crisis – from when it began, to what is happening now, to preparing for the future. Special attention will be given to 1) interpreter safety measures and wellness, 2) guaranteeing interpreter services for providers and patients, 3) collaboration among different stakeholders to achieve the goals, and 4) insights for managers to adapt or adopt in their unique setting. Time will be reserved for a moderated audience Q&A.
The document summarizes a webinar presentation on developing note-taking skills for consecutive interpreting. The webinar covered the cognitive process of note-taking, including listening, analysis, memory, and reformulation. It provided tips on effective note-taking such as using abbreviations, symbols, and spacing. Sample abbreviations and symbols were given. Activities were suggested to practice note-taking skills like rewriting scripts in abbreviated form. The webinar emphasized capturing the meaning through notes rather than full words or sentences.
Healthcare interpreters' work can be mentally taxing. However, we are often uncertain as to what contributes to our mental fatigue, outside of the obvious issue of long encounters and long workdays. Unfortunately, interpreter fatigue is not well documented. This presentation provides information on various factors that can affect both concentration and performance contributing to mental fatigue. It also sheds light on precedents in other industries that make the case for use of a measurement tool to address such factors and mental fatigue in a more sophisticated way.
Gaps in understanding interpreter mental fatigue led the presenters to develop and internally validate the Complexity and Fatigue in Interpreted Encounters (CFIE) tool. The CFIE, comprised of three domains: paralinguistic, sensory and intrapersonal/physical, includes 16 affirmative factors identified by interpreters as causes of mental fatigue. Seven interpreters participated in using the CFIE tool across 444 interpreter encounters. The presenters will share their findings which indicated increased mental fatigue in departments with high acuity, fast pace and unpredictable encounters. Interpreters experiencing mental fatigue may jeopardize accuracy of interpretation in these encounters, resulting in unfavorable patient outcomes. The presenters will discuss plans for future research on interpreter inaccuracies related to mental fatigue.
Interpreter trainers will consider the implications of the study’s results and their relevance to interpreter skill development and real-world performance. Trainers will also gain insight into the need to present these concepts to their students.
At the end of this presentation the participant will:
- Identify common factors which contribute to interpreter mental fatigue
- Learn about precedents in other fields for measuring workload & productivity
- Describe research that focuses on measurement of interpreter mental fatigue in a healthcare environment
- Consider ways that trainers can apply these concepts in interpreter training programs
This webinar will help healthcare interpreter trainers gain an understanding of our field’s complexities and trends in order to develop a vision for the future of our profession that includes language access provided by highly trained interpreters and the development of specialization. The presentation will include a brief historical overview of healthcare interpreting and will address different factors that impact the status of medical interpreting, including policy and advocacy, education, certification, technology, medical academia, T&I community, market research, and the impact of COVID-19. Tips and strategies to address these topics in training will be offered as well.
Interpreter services managers are responsible for ensuring safe and effective provision of language services regardless of the circumstances - from filling the demand for services, to supporting interpreter staff, to working within the available resources, and so much more. The managers’ responsibility has never been an easy charge, and the current COVID-19 pandemic and resulting public health crisis has been no exception.
This “Part 2” of the webinar-based panel discussion features managers who are based in teaching hospitals or children’s hospitals. The panelists will reflect on their experiences of managing interpreter services during the public health crisis – from when it began, to what is happening now, to preparing for the future. Special attention will be given to 1) optimization of available resources, 2) flexibility in transition, 3) gaining senor leadership support, 4) good things that have come as a result of the pandemic, and 5) much more!
Time will be reserved for a moderated audience Q&A.
Note: This is the second in a two-part series. Part 1 of this series took place on December 11, 2020, and the recording is available on the NCIHC website.
One challenge faced by professional interpreters working in healthcare and other settings is the high levels of stress, vicarious trauma, or vulnerability they may feel during the course of their everyday work. Vicarious trauma has been identified as something that affects the performance and wellbeing of certain professionals, such as interpreters, by their experiencing or internalizing someone else’s trauma. Research has confirmed they are vulnerable to vicarious trauma, burnouts, compassion fatigue, or secondary stress as a result of repeated exposure to various traumatic information and experiences.
Drawing from over 25 years of experience in a professional services industry and extensive research in this area, Ludmila “Mila” Golovine, Founder, President & CEO of MasterWord, a Language Services Provider agency, and an interpreter herself, will speak on the subject of vicarious traumatization not from a scientific but from an insider’s point of view - as a representative of a profession that is vulnerable to this type of trauma. Participants will be provided with real-life applications and tools that can help identify and examine triggers leading to vicarious trauma impacting the wellbeing and performance of service professionals, as well as strategies for helping others, and themselves, prevent and/or mitigate the effects of vicarious trauma before, during and after these interactions.
Interpreter trainers will gain an understanding of the particular vulnerability of interpreters to being impacted by the experience of patients that they interpret for. Trainers will also gain insight into the need and method for introducing this material to their students.
Learning Objectives:
Define vicarious trauma and articulate why those working in healthcare and social services settings are at greater risk for vicarious trauma
Articulate the potential impact of vicarious trauma on work performance and quality of life
Identify five coping strategies in effective self-care
Discuss ways that trainers can apply these concepts in interpreter training programs
In our brave new world of virtual health care, many interpreters, employers and providers around the country initially found themselves scrambling to set up the remote modalities of phone and video with little preparation time. What began as a rapid-response shift to providing healthcare services remotely has become a long-term strategy for delivering care to patients. As a result, healthcare interpreters are now called upon to provide services in remote modalities with increased frequency and across a broader spectrum of contexts than had, in many cases, been traditionally considered feasible. This shift has brought even greater attention to the need to train interpreters on how to provide services in remote modalities.
In this presentation, trainers of healthcare interpreters will be presented with key points to consider when training interpreters in the use of remote modalities. Special attention will be given to the following areas: interpreter workspace, preventing on-the-job injuries, and strategies to identify and correct real-time barriers to effective communication during the interpreted medical encounter. Interpreter trainers will gain awareness of the importance of preparing interpreters to use remote modalities effectively and for the safety of themselves and the patient.
In this webinar we will look into the evidence that has emerged from the in-depth analysis of authentic video-recorded medical consultations and semi-structured interviews with patients, doctors and professional interpreters and we will discuss the ways in which this evidence can be translated into education and professional practice. We will begin with a brief introduction to empathic communication in (multilingual) healthcare communication and we will identify a number of factors that contribute to or hamper the co-construction of empathic communication in interpreter-mediated clinical encounters. We will do so by drawing on the actual patient-interpreter-doctor interaction and on their perceptions of it. At the end of the webinar participants will have gained a thorough understanding of the complexity of empathic communication in interpreter-mediated clinical encounters and will be able to make better-informed decisions at the level of interaction by reflecting on their own, the patients and clinicians’ communicative behaviors. Being able to effectively co-construct empathic communication in clinical encounters is of paramount importance as empathy is a basic component of therapeutic relationships, it has demonstrably improved patient enablement and doctor satisfaction, and it may be a precondition for patient-centered decision making.
Learning Objectives:
1. Distinguish between facilitating and hampering communicative behaviors in the co-construction of empathic communication in interpreter-mediated clinical encounters.
2. Reflect on the interpreter, as well as the patient and clinician’s communicative behavior in interaction in the co-construction of empathic communication in interpreter-mediated clinical encounters.
3. Assess the impact of the interpreter, as well as the patient and clinician’s communicative behavior in interaction in the co-construction of empathic communication in interpreter-mediated clinical encounters.
4. Demonstrate specific communicative and interactional strategies for co-constructing empathic communication in clinical encounters to interpreter students.
This webinar reports on recently-completed doctoral research focusing on dialogue interpreters’ experience of task performance. The results of the study shed light on the aspects of task performance that interpreters monitor and the control mechanisms they employ during performance. In addition to reporting on the research study, the presenter will discuss the place of models in interpreter training and present the models proposed in her dissertation. During the last portion of the webinar, the presenter and special guest Cindy Roat will discuss the importance and role of research and theory in dialogue interpreter training.
Learning Objectives:
Present recent research findings related to monitoring and control of performance in dialogue interpreting and discuss their implications for interpreters, interpreter educators, and researchers.
Describe possible models of dialogue interpreting & their potential for use in interpreter education.
Discuss the importance and role of research theory in dialogue interpreter training.
This webinar will include a discussion with two individuals who work in the mental health field and rely on interpreters to facilitate interactions with non-English-dominant clients. This is an important topic due to the relatively new involvement of psychologists as expert witnesses during the immigration process, increased sensitivity to language and cultural factors during criminal legal cases, as well as the broadening demographics of other individuals utilizing mental health services. Historically there has been a significant lack of mental health services available to individuals who do not speak English. Finding ways to meaningfully assist this underserved population has become important as it relates to basic human rights as well as legal rights, and adjusting services to reach a broader audience in an ethical manner is a current objective in the mental health field.
Learning Objectives:
1. Trainers should be able to help students differentiate the different possible roles of a mental health provider in different settings, and identify a broad range of locations where interactions might occur.
2. Trainers should be able to help students understand the challenges and limitations experienced by mental health professionals when working with patients/clients who do not speak English.
3. Trainers should be able to help students clarify their role in a mental health interaction, and how to increase their effectiveness while improving communication for all involved; including, but not limited to, pre-session, type of interpretation, additional information that might be helpful to the mental health professional, and things that might impede the provider’s goals.
As the demand and opportunity for interpreting via remote modalities grows, so too, does the need for interpreters to develop their ability to perform effectively in these remote modalities. This results in the need for trainers and training programs to offer initial or continuing professional development content targeting at helping students and working professionals to close the remote interpreting skills gaps. The goal of this webinar is to explore trends, perceptions, and training opportunities for remote interpreters. Using the results of research done on healthcare interpreters who work via phone and video, the presenter will provide a framework for categorizing key areas of professional development for this growing modality of interpretation. The audience will be challenged to reflect on their current training practice, set priorities, and implement changes to ensure that their interpreting students are ready to be successful in a remote interpreting environment.
This training covers concepts and practical techniques, including how to:
Summarize research findings about professional development for remote interpreters
Discuss perceptions and trends in remote interpreting and how they impact training
Identify and prioritize training needs to improve quality and consistency of service
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About Suzanne Couture
Suzanne Couture is a Certified Healthcare Interpreter™ and an ATA-certified Spanish to English translator with seventeen years of experience in translation and interpreting. She holds a BA in Spanish and MEd in Instructional Design. Suzanne has worked as a staff interpreter, language services supervisor, and an online and classroom instructor. She is currently a freelance linguist, an instructional design consultant, and an adjunct instructor. She is also a member of the Home for Trainers Webinar Work Group of the National Council on Interpreting in Health Care.
In March 2020, interpreter educators all over the world faced the need to quickly adapt to remote or online delivery of their curricula in response to the spread of COVID-19. We may need to continue with remote or online delivery through the rest of 2020, and possibly beyond. Remote teaching and learning, whether delivered synchronously or asynchronously, is qualitatively distinct from face-to-face teaching and learning. Many interpreter educators have had to race against the clock in their effort to design and adapt face-to-face materials and activities to continue delivering courses in remote or online mode.
The NCIHC Home for Trainers webinar team wants to explore the lessons that interpreter educators have learned during this transition. To that end, we have convened a group of interpreter educators for a roundtable-type discussion titled “Adapt, Amend, Adjust: A Panel Discussion on How Interpreter Trainers Adapted their Programs in Response to COVID-19 Restrictions” Panelists will reflect on their experiences adapting curricula, lesson plans, and learning activities, and will share their recommendations for trainers, relevant resources, and plans for the future.
Public Service Telephone Interpreting in Spaindmurgu
The document summarizes research from a survey of public service providers and interpreters about their experiences using a telephone interpreting service in Spain called Interpret Solutions. The survey found that while the interpreting service was useful, both providers and interpreters could benefit from additional training. For providers, training is needed on how to effectively use interpreters during telephone calls. For interpreters, specific training programs would help improve their performance with challenges like turn-taking during remote interpreting. The research concluded that with training, telephone interpreting can be an effective way to provide language access for public services.
This document discusses various aspects of oral communication and developing oral skills. It begins by defining oral communication as the process of communicating through spoken words. It then provides five golden rules for teaching oral skills, which are to give students practice speaking, provide listening practice, create opportunities for real communication, expand topics discussed, and build discussion skills. The document also discusses other important rules like pronouncing words clearly, avoiding filler words, making eye contact, and using body language. It describes different settings for oral communication like interpersonal, group discussions, and speaking to large audiences. Finally, it discusses what can make speaking difficult, such as clustering, redundancy, rate of delivery, and interaction.
This document outlines a lesson on communication for various purposes. It discusses the purposes of communication like informative, persuasive, and argumentative presentations. It provides tips for each type of presentation. It also covers public speaking, the different ways to deliver a speech along with guidelines for writing and delivering a good speech. Lastly, it defines interviews, how to plan and conduct interviews, and guidelines for both interviewers and interviewees. The overall document provides information on different forms of communication, how to effectively present information to different audiences, and tips for speeches, presentations and interviews.
Oral communication is the exchange of verbal messages between a sender and receiver through direct conversation, telephone calls, speeches, presentations, and discussions. Effective oral communication requires skills like inflection, volume, pacing, and word choice. While oral communication allows for immediate feedback and interaction that can save time and money, it also risks misunderstandings if the message is not conveyed clearly and the speaker lacks control over their voice.
This document provides an outline for a 2-hour lesson on oral communication. The lesson defines communication and explains the communication process using Gronbeck's model. It discusses the importance of effective communication and identifies barriers. Students will define communication, discuss elements of effective communication, and perform a communication activity. They will analyze their ability to communicate effectively and receive feedback. An optional enrichment activity involves researching other communication models. The lesson evaluates students' understanding through communication-related tasks.
Analysing Students’ Communicative Strategies in Synchronous Telecollaboration...University of Valencia
Talk to be given at the "New Directions in Telecollaborative Research and Practice: The Second Conference on Telecollaboration in University Education" at Trinity College Dublin, 21-23 April, 2016.
Our presentation outlines a study carried out in the context of the European-funded project TILA (Telecollaboration for Intercultural Language Acquisition - Grant Agreement Number 2012-4001/001-001). This two-year project involved secondary school students from France, Germany, the Netherlands, Spain and the United Kingdom.
Our aim in this presentation is to offer insights into the verbal and non-verbal characteristics of synchronous telecollaboration (STC). Our corpus consists of twelve recordings of tandem interactions between Spanish and British secondary school students aged between 14 and 15. In the first stage of our analysis we transcribed the video recordings. The transcriptions include all linguistically coded communication –both spoken and written– as well as annotations of paralinguistic and non-linguistic phenomena. In our analysis we draw on Goffman, 1956, Brown and Levinson, 1987 and Pennock-Speck and del Saz-Rubio, 2013. We focus specifically on Goffman’s (1956: 476) notion of deference, “a symbolic means by which appreciation is regularly conveyed to a recipient”. There are two main types of deference: “avoidance rituals”, similar to Brown and Levinson’s (1987) negative politeness strategies, and “presentation rituals” (Goffman, 1956: 481), akin to Brown and Levinson’s (1987) positive politeness strategies.
This research brings to light empirical evidence of the affordances of STC when compared with other kinds of online peer interaction. Our results show that participants systematically use body language and non-verbal cues along with verbal language to make their interlocutors feel at ease, to resolve potentially embarrassing moments and also to offer them praise. It also provides insights into how TC can enhance Classroom Interactional Competence (CIC) defined by Walsh (2011: 158) as “Teachers’ and learners’ ability to use interaction as a tool for mediating and assisting learning”. We posit that TC promotes CIC and that students benefit from the peer-feedback and the peer-scaffolding that ensue from interaction of this kind.
In this webinar, you will learn how to:
- Recognize key similarities and differences between the oral and written forms of a language and how these play out in interpreting, sight translation and document translation.
- Present techniques to incorporate translation skills into interpreter training or professional development.
- Provide hooks for addressing different levels of prominence of literacy among interpreter students or practicing professionals.
Ethics are at the core of any professional practice. Healthcare interpreting requires interpreters to respond to a wide array of difficult situations in an ethical manner. Trainers of Healthcare Interpreters must provide their students with both an understanding of interpreter ethics and practice in applying them. During this 90-minute webinar for interpreter trainers, veteran trainer Cindy Roat shared three different frameworks for introducing and practicing interpreter ethics; frameworks that can be implemented in an hour, a day or a semester. Specific problems in teaching ethical decision-making were discussed. http://www.ncihc.org/trainerswebinars
Interpreter services managers are responsible for ensuring safe and effective provision of language services regardless of the circumstances - from filling the demand for services, to supporting interpreter staff, to working within the available resources, and so much more. The managers’ responsibility has never been an easy charge, and the current COVID-19 pandemic and resulting public health crisis has been no exception.
In this webinar-based panel discussion, panelist from different regions of the USA will reflect on their experiences of managing interpreter services during the public health crisis – from when it began, to what is happening now, to preparing for the future. Special attention will be given to 1) interpreter safety measures and wellness, 2) guaranteeing interpreter services for providers and patients, 3) collaboration among different stakeholders to achieve the goals, and 4) insights for managers to adapt or adopt in their unique setting. Time will be reserved for a moderated audience Q&A.
The document summarizes a webinar presentation on developing note-taking skills for consecutive interpreting. The webinar covered the cognitive process of note-taking, including listening, analysis, memory, and reformulation. It provided tips on effective note-taking such as using abbreviations, symbols, and spacing. Sample abbreviations and symbols were given. Activities were suggested to practice note-taking skills like rewriting scripts in abbreviated form. The webinar emphasized capturing the meaning through notes rather than full words or sentences.
Healthcare interpreters' work can be mentally taxing. However, we are often uncertain as to what contributes to our mental fatigue, outside of the obvious issue of long encounters and long workdays. Unfortunately, interpreter fatigue is not well documented. This presentation provides information on various factors that can affect both concentration and performance contributing to mental fatigue. It also sheds light on precedents in other industries that make the case for use of a measurement tool to address such factors and mental fatigue in a more sophisticated way.
Gaps in understanding interpreter mental fatigue led the presenters to develop and internally validate the Complexity and Fatigue in Interpreted Encounters (CFIE) tool. The CFIE, comprised of three domains: paralinguistic, sensory and intrapersonal/physical, includes 16 affirmative factors identified by interpreters as causes of mental fatigue. Seven interpreters participated in using the CFIE tool across 444 interpreter encounters. The presenters will share their findings which indicated increased mental fatigue in departments with high acuity, fast pace and unpredictable encounters. Interpreters experiencing mental fatigue may jeopardize accuracy of interpretation in these encounters, resulting in unfavorable patient outcomes. The presenters will discuss plans for future research on interpreter inaccuracies related to mental fatigue.
Interpreter trainers will consider the implications of the study’s results and their relevance to interpreter skill development and real-world performance. Trainers will also gain insight into the need to present these concepts to their students.
At the end of this presentation the participant will:
- Identify common factors which contribute to interpreter mental fatigue
- Learn about precedents in other fields for measuring workload & productivity
- Describe research that focuses on measurement of interpreter mental fatigue in a healthcare environment
- Consider ways that trainers can apply these concepts in interpreter training programs
This webinar will help healthcare interpreter trainers gain an understanding of our field’s complexities and trends in order to develop a vision for the future of our profession that includes language access provided by highly trained interpreters and the development of specialization. The presentation will include a brief historical overview of healthcare interpreting and will address different factors that impact the status of medical interpreting, including policy and advocacy, education, certification, technology, medical academia, T&I community, market research, and the impact of COVID-19. Tips and strategies to address these topics in training will be offered as well.
Interpreter services managers are responsible for ensuring safe and effective provision of language services regardless of the circumstances - from filling the demand for services, to supporting interpreter staff, to working within the available resources, and so much more. The managers’ responsibility has never been an easy charge, and the current COVID-19 pandemic and resulting public health crisis has been no exception.
This “Part 2” of the webinar-based panel discussion features managers who are based in teaching hospitals or children’s hospitals. The panelists will reflect on their experiences of managing interpreter services during the public health crisis – from when it began, to what is happening now, to preparing for the future. Special attention will be given to 1) optimization of available resources, 2) flexibility in transition, 3) gaining senor leadership support, 4) good things that have come as a result of the pandemic, and 5) much more!
Time will be reserved for a moderated audience Q&A.
Note: This is the second in a two-part series. Part 1 of this series took place on December 11, 2020, and the recording is available on the NCIHC website.
One challenge faced by professional interpreters working in healthcare and other settings is the high levels of stress, vicarious trauma, or vulnerability they may feel during the course of their everyday work. Vicarious trauma has been identified as something that affects the performance and wellbeing of certain professionals, such as interpreters, by their experiencing or internalizing someone else’s trauma. Research has confirmed they are vulnerable to vicarious trauma, burnouts, compassion fatigue, or secondary stress as a result of repeated exposure to various traumatic information and experiences.
Drawing from over 25 years of experience in a professional services industry and extensive research in this area, Ludmila “Mila” Golovine, Founder, President & CEO of MasterWord, a Language Services Provider agency, and an interpreter herself, will speak on the subject of vicarious traumatization not from a scientific but from an insider’s point of view - as a representative of a profession that is vulnerable to this type of trauma. Participants will be provided with real-life applications and tools that can help identify and examine triggers leading to vicarious trauma impacting the wellbeing and performance of service professionals, as well as strategies for helping others, and themselves, prevent and/or mitigate the effects of vicarious trauma before, during and after these interactions.
Interpreter trainers will gain an understanding of the particular vulnerability of interpreters to being impacted by the experience of patients that they interpret for. Trainers will also gain insight into the need and method for introducing this material to their students.
Learning Objectives:
Define vicarious trauma and articulate why those working in healthcare and social services settings are at greater risk for vicarious trauma
Articulate the potential impact of vicarious trauma on work performance and quality of life
Identify five coping strategies in effective self-care
Discuss ways that trainers can apply these concepts in interpreter training programs
In our brave new world of virtual health care, many interpreters, employers and providers around the country initially found themselves scrambling to set up the remote modalities of phone and video with little preparation time. What began as a rapid-response shift to providing healthcare services remotely has become a long-term strategy for delivering care to patients. As a result, healthcare interpreters are now called upon to provide services in remote modalities with increased frequency and across a broader spectrum of contexts than had, in many cases, been traditionally considered feasible. This shift has brought even greater attention to the need to train interpreters on how to provide services in remote modalities.
In this presentation, trainers of healthcare interpreters will be presented with key points to consider when training interpreters in the use of remote modalities. Special attention will be given to the following areas: interpreter workspace, preventing on-the-job injuries, and strategies to identify and correct real-time barriers to effective communication during the interpreted medical encounter. Interpreter trainers will gain awareness of the importance of preparing interpreters to use remote modalities effectively and for the safety of themselves and the patient.
In this webinar we will look into the evidence that has emerged from the in-depth analysis of authentic video-recorded medical consultations and semi-structured interviews with patients, doctors and professional interpreters and we will discuss the ways in which this evidence can be translated into education and professional practice. We will begin with a brief introduction to empathic communication in (multilingual) healthcare communication and we will identify a number of factors that contribute to or hamper the co-construction of empathic communication in interpreter-mediated clinical encounters. We will do so by drawing on the actual patient-interpreter-doctor interaction and on their perceptions of it. At the end of the webinar participants will have gained a thorough understanding of the complexity of empathic communication in interpreter-mediated clinical encounters and will be able to make better-informed decisions at the level of interaction by reflecting on their own, the patients and clinicians’ communicative behaviors. Being able to effectively co-construct empathic communication in clinical encounters is of paramount importance as empathy is a basic component of therapeutic relationships, it has demonstrably improved patient enablement and doctor satisfaction, and it may be a precondition for patient-centered decision making.
Learning Objectives:
1. Distinguish between facilitating and hampering communicative behaviors in the co-construction of empathic communication in interpreter-mediated clinical encounters.
2. Reflect on the interpreter, as well as the patient and clinician’s communicative behavior in interaction in the co-construction of empathic communication in interpreter-mediated clinical encounters.
3. Assess the impact of the interpreter, as well as the patient and clinician’s communicative behavior in interaction in the co-construction of empathic communication in interpreter-mediated clinical encounters.
4. Demonstrate specific communicative and interactional strategies for co-constructing empathic communication in clinical encounters to interpreter students.
This webinar reports on recently-completed doctoral research focusing on dialogue interpreters’ experience of task performance. The results of the study shed light on the aspects of task performance that interpreters monitor and the control mechanisms they employ during performance. In addition to reporting on the research study, the presenter will discuss the place of models in interpreter training and present the models proposed in her dissertation. During the last portion of the webinar, the presenter and special guest Cindy Roat will discuss the importance and role of research and theory in dialogue interpreter training.
Learning Objectives:
Present recent research findings related to monitoring and control of performance in dialogue interpreting and discuss their implications for interpreters, interpreter educators, and researchers.
Describe possible models of dialogue interpreting & their potential for use in interpreter education.
Discuss the importance and role of research theory in dialogue interpreter training.
This webinar will include a discussion with two individuals who work in the mental health field and rely on interpreters to facilitate interactions with non-English-dominant clients. This is an important topic due to the relatively new involvement of psychologists as expert witnesses during the immigration process, increased sensitivity to language and cultural factors during criminal legal cases, as well as the broadening demographics of other individuals utilizing mental health services. Historically there has been a significant lack of mental health services available to individuals who do not speak English. Finding ways to meaningfully assist this underserved population has become important as it relates to basic human rights as well as legal rights, and adjusting services to reach a broader audience in an ethical manner is a current objective in the mental health field.
Learning Objectives:
1. Trainers should be able to help students differentiate the different possible roles of a mental health provider in different settings, and identify a broad range of locations where interactions might occur.
2. Trainers should be able to help students understand the challenges and limitations experienced by mental health professionals when working with patients/clients who do not speak English.
3. Trainers should be able to help students clarify their role in a mental health interaction, and how to increase their effectiveness while improving communication for all involved; including, but not limited to, pre-session, type of interpretation, additional information that might be helpful to the mental health professional, and things that might impede the provider’s goals.
As the demand and opportunity for interpreting via remote modalities grows, so too, does the need for interpreters to develop their ability to perform effectively in these remote modalities. This results in the need for trainers and training programs to offer initial or continuing professional development content targeting at helping students and working professionals to close the remote interpreting skills gaps. The goal of this webinar is to explore trends, perceptions, and training opportunities for remote interpreters. Using the results of research done on healthcare interpreters who work via phone and video, the presenter will provide a framework for categorizing key areas of professional development for this growing modality of interpretation. The audience will be challenged to reflect on their current training practice, set priorities, and implement changes to ensure that their interpreting students are ready to be successful in a remote interpreting environment.
This training covers concepts and practical techniques, including how to:
Summarize research findings about professional development for remote interpreters
Discuss perceptions and trends in remote interpreting and how they impact training
Identify and prioritize training needs to improve quality and consistency of service
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About Suzanne Couture
Suzanne Couture is a Certified Healthcare Interpreter™ and an ATA-certified Spanish to English translator with seventeen years of experience in translation and interpreting. She holds a BA in Spanish and MEd in Instructional Design. Suzanne has worked as a staff interpreter, language services supervisor, and an online and classroom instructor. She is currently a freelance linguist, an instructional design consultant, and an adjunct instructor. She is also a member of the Home for Trainers Webinar Work Group of the National Council on Interpreting in Health Care.
In March 2020, interpreter educators all over the world faced the need to quickly adapt to remote or online delivery of their curricula in response to the spread of COVID-19. We may need to continue with remote or online delivery through the rest of 2020, and possibly beyond. Remote teaching and learning, whether delivered synchronously or asynchronously, is qualitatively distinct from face-to-face teaching and learning. Many interpreter educators have had to race against the clock in their effort to design and adapt face-to-face materials and activities to continue delivering courses in remote or online mode.
The NCIHC Home for Trainers webinar team wants to explore the lessons that interpreter educators have learned during this transition. To that end, we have convened a group of interpreter educators for a roundtable-type discussion titled “Adapt, Amend, Adjust: A Panel Discussion on How Interpreter Trainers Adapted their Programs in Response to COVID-19 Restrictions” Panelists will reflect on their experiences adapting curricula, lesson plans, and learning activities, and will share their recommendations for trainers, relevant resources, and plans for the future.
Public Service Telephone Interpreting in Spaindmurgu
The document summarizes research from a survey of public service providers and interpreters about their experiences using a telephone interpreting service in Spain called Interpret Solutions. The survey found that while the interpreting service was useful, both providers and interpreters could benefit from additional training. For providers, training is needed on how to effectively use interpreters during telephone calls. For interpreters, specific training programs would help improve their performance with challenges like turn-taking during remote interpreting. The research concluded that with training, telephone interpreting can be an effective way to provide language access for public services.
This document discusses various aspects of oral communication and developing oral skills. It begins by defining oral communication as the process of communicating through spoken words. It then provides five golden rules for teaching oral skills, which are to give students practice speaking, provide listening practice, create opportunities for real communication, expand topics discussed, and build discussion skills. The document also discusses other important rules like pronouncing words clearly, avoiding filler words, making eye contact, and using body language. It describes different settings for oral communication like interpersonal, group discussions, and speaking to large audiences. Finally, it discusses what can make speaking difficult, such as clustering, redundancy, rate of delivery, and interaction.
This document outlines a lesson on communication for various purposes. It discusses the purposes of communication like informative, persuasive, and argumentative presentations. It provides tips for each type of presentation. It also covers public speaking, the different ways to deliver a speech along with guidelines for writing and delivering a good speech. Lastly, it defines interviews, how to plan and conduct interviews, and guidelines for both interviewers and interviewees. The overall document provides information on different forms of communication, how to effectively present information to different audiences, and tips for speeches, presentations and interviews.
Oral communication is the exchange of verbal messages between a sender and receiver through direct conversation, telephone calls, speeches, presentations, and discussions. Effective oral communication requires skills like inflection, volume, pacing, and word choice. While oral communication allows for immediate feedback and interaction that can save time and money, it also risks misunderstandings if the message is not conveyed clearly and the speaker lacks control over their voice.
This document provides an outline for a 2-hour lesson on oral communication. The lesson defines communication and explains the communication process using Gronbeck's model. It discusses the importance of effective communication and identifies barriers. Students will define communication, discuss elements of effective communication, and perform a communication activity. They will analyze their ability to communicate effectively and receive feedback. An optional enrichment activity involves researching other communication models. The lesson evaluates students' understanding through communication-related tasks.
Analysing Students’ Communicative Strategies in Synchronous Telecollaboration...University of Valencia
Talk to be given at the "New Directions in Telecollaborative Research and Practice: The Second Conference on Telecollaboration in University Education" at Trinity College Dublin, 21-23 April, 2016.
Our presentation outlines a study carried out in the context of the European-funded project TILA (Telecollaboration for Intercultural Language Acquisition - Grant Agreement Number 2012-4001/001-001). This two-year project involved secondary school students from France, Germany, the Netherlands, Spain and the United Kingdom.
Our aim in this presentation is to offer insights into the verbal and non-verbal characteristics of synchronous telecollaboration (STC). Our corpus consists of twelve recordings of tandem interactions between Spanish and British secondary school students aged between 14 and 15. In the first stage of our analysis we transcribed the video recordings. The transcriptions include all linguistically coded communication –both spoken and written– as well as annotations of paralinguistic and non-linguistic phenomena. In our analysis we draw on Goffman, 1956, Brown and Levinson, 1987 and Pennock-Speck and del Saz-Rubio, 2013. We focus specifically on Goffman’s (1956: 476) notion of deference, “a symbolic means by which appreciation is regularly conveyed to a recipient”. There are two main types of deference: “avoidance rituals”, similar to Brown and Levinson’s (1987) negative politeness strategies, and “presentation rituals” (Goffman, 1956: 481), akin to Brown and Levinson’s (1987) positive politeness strategies.
This research brings to light empirical evidence of the affordances of STC when compared with other kinds of online peer interaction. Our results show that participants systematically use body language and non-verbal cues along with verbal language to make their interlocutors feel at ease, to resolve potentially embarrassing moments and also to offer them praise. It also provides insights into how TC can enhance Classroom Interactional Competence (CIC) defined by Walsh (2011: 158) as “Teachers’ and learners’ ability to use interaction as a tool for mediating and assisting learning”. We posit that TC promotes CIC and that students benefit from the peer-feedback and the peer-scaffolding that ensue from interaction of this kind.
In this webinar, you will learn how to:
- Recognize key similarities and differences between the oral and written forms of a language and how these play out in interpreting, sight translation and document translation.
- Present techniques to incorporate translation skills into interpreter training or professional development.
- Provide hooks for addressing different levels of prominence of literacy among interpreter students or practicing professionals.
NCIHC Home for Trainers Webinar Workgroup presents: "Training Heritage Speakers: A Journey Worth Taking" with Natasha Curtis, MA, CHI and Glenn Martinez, PhD
This document provides information about a workshop on teaching academic vocabulary to migrant students. The workshop aims to provide strategies for teachers to support migrant students in acquiring academic vocabulary as outlined in the Common Core State Standards. Participants will learn how to select and prioritize key academic vocabulary and implement new instructional strategies. The document discusses the importance of vocabulary instruction and challenges unique to migrant students. It also examines vocabulary strategies and how instruction needs to shift to meet Common Core requirements.
This document discusses using discourse analysis to understand how universities market language courses and add value. It analyzes the key words and phrases used on university home pages, noting differences between pre-1992 and post-1992 universities. Student applications for sponsored language study at Sheffield Hallam University were also analyzed. The document argues discourse analysis can help academic specialisms promote themselves and leverage opportunities on university home pages and social media to engage potential students.
Pop-culture & Technology in Language LearningBrittany Don
The document discusses how multimedia technology can be used to supplement foreign language learning outside of the classroom. It notes that with only 240 classroom hours, students must spend over half their required time practicing independently. It then provides examples of how students can use content from various media sources like music, television, newspapers, and blogs to immerse themselves in the target language and enhance their learning. Some suggestions include having students transcribe videos, write profiles of celebrities, and create video blogs to practice various language skills. Overall, the document advocates for using multimedia to motivate students and help them integrate language learning into their daily lives.
This document provides an overview and instructions for a case study assignment focusing on analyzing a learner's language and literacy development. Students will select a learner to observe, collect language samples through interviews and recordings, and analyze samples of the learner's oral language, reading, and writing. The assignment consists of several sections, including an abstract, learner background, analyses of language domains, and a discussion synthesizing findings. Draft components will be submitted for feedback before compiling the final case study paper. Completing this assignment will enhance students' understanding of how to support learners' language and literacy skills.
Cross-language qualitative research presents several challenges for researchers. Using interpreters or translators can threaten the validity of studies if not done properly due to issues like inaccurate or biased translations, changes to the research dynamic, and important details being left out. It is important for researchers to acknowledge the role of interpreters/translators, provide them proper training, allow extra time, and verify translations. Researchers should also investigate interpreter backgrounds and qualifications to mitigate challenges in cross-language qualitative studies.
The document discusses strategies for bridging the gap between elementary and secondary world language teachers. It emphasizes using consistent instructional strategies, authentic materials, and common concepts like the three modes of communication across levels. The presentation recommends improved vertical alignment of curriculum, shared resources, and continuous professional development to unify world language programs.
The document provides an agenda for a presentation on using the interpretive communication mode in language instruction. It defines interpretive communication as understanding text, movies, radio or speeches without direct interaction. The presentation will discuss the importance of interpretive communication, materials to use, incorporating it throughout the curriculum, teaching strategies and examples. It emphasizes using authentic materials from the target culture and scaffolding tasks at different proficiency levels.
Maximizing Comprehensible Input and Output to Improve Student Achievement in ...Chinese Teachers
This document provides an agenda and materials for a workshop on maximizing comprehensible input and output in bilingual and dual language classrooms to improve student achievement. The workshop covers: [1] stages of second language acquisition; [2] setting language objectives across content areas; and [3] instructional strategies to maximize input and output in the target language to ensure student understanding. Sample activities include using visuals, gestures, tiered questioning, and sentence frames to make language comprehensible for students.
This study examined whether podcasting is an effective tool for improving language students' pronunciation. 22 students learning German or French recorded scripted and extemporaneous podcasts over 16 weeks. Their pre and post recordings were rated for comprehensibility and accentedness. Results showed minor improvements in pronunciation, with 44% of German and 10% of French students increasing comprehensibility. The study concluded that podcasting alone is not sufficient for improving pronunciation and must be combined with focused classroom practice and feedback to see significant gains.
This document provides information and strategies for teaching vocabulary to English language learners. It discusses the importance of vocabulary instruction, recommends direct teaching of specific words using visuals and examples, and suggests activities like word sorts, dictionaries, games and word walls. Effective vocabulary instruction incorporates techniques like pre-teaching key words, modeling independent learning strategies, encouraging wide reading, and using oral language development.
1) Listening is the most important of the four language skills and is used most often in everyday communication.
2) Traditional listening lessons involved short dialogues, dictation, and recognizing words and sounds, but now listening is recognized as its own skill to be developed.
3) Effective listening instruction includes teaching strategies like planning, monitoring comprehension, and clarifying meaning, and integrating both top-down and bottom-up processing.
This document provides an agenda and discussion points for a workshop on language development and acquisition. The agenda includes reviewing course content, conducting peer reviews of oral language and reading/writing analyses, an overview of case study requirements, and feedback on the course. Discussion points focus on teachers as observers of language, language variation, stages of typical second language acquisition, analyzing a learner's oral language skills using linguistic tools, and analyzing a learner's reading development using concepts of phonology, semantics, syntax and pragmatics. The document provides guidance for peer reviewing analyses and developing findings and conclusions.
The document discusses criteria and practices for Chinese language placement in college from two institutions - Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and Northeastern University (NEU). It provides an overview of standards like the ACTFL 5Cs and proficiency guidelines that inform placement. MIT places students primarily through face-to-face assessment based on textbook skills, while NEU developed an online placement test in Qualtrics assessing different language elements. Both schools aim to better articulate expectations between high school and college Chinese programs to facilitate student language learning. The presentation seeks to promote open discussion on improving placement practices.
This document discusses disciplinary literacy in teaching mathematical literacy. It notes that only 50% of learners take mathematics, and many do not pass, which led to the new curriculum including mathematical literacy. Mathematical literacy focuses on everyday numeracy, technology, and authentic real-world contexts. There is a gap between reading word problems and finding solutions, as reading is under-emphasized. The document proposes filling this gap by explicitly teaching reading strategies, modeling metacognition, focusing on subject language, and facilitating discussion. The outcome would be a scaffolded reading program integrated across subjects, staff training, multilingual glossaries, and a handbook to support disciplinary and academic language development.
The document provides an overview of a presentation on communication and the interpretive mode in language learning. It discusses the importance of interpretive communication as assessed on the Advanced Placement exam. The presentation agenda includes defining interpretive communication, its importance in the curriculum, materials to use, and teaching strategies. Key aspects of interpretive communication emphasized are using authentic materials from the target culture and scaffolding tasks by language proficiency level. Listening and reading are discussed, highlighting challenges and resources to support comprehension at different levels.
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Dr. Betsy Winston presented on using cognitive reflection (CoRe) activities to stimulate and track student learning in interpreting education. She discussed think-aloud protocols, directed reflections, and stimulated recalls where students comment on their work. Coding student comments according to categories like linguistic issues and presenter intent provides insights into students' critical thinking development. CoRe activities can help close the gap between graduation and professional readiness by shifting the focus from basic skills to higher-order thinking required for effective interpreting.
This document discusses cognition and working memory in dialogue interpreting. It begins with an overview of dialogue interpreting as a mode of interpreting involving short consecutive interpreting without notes and quasi-simultaneous interpreting with few participants. It then discusses some key cognitive processes in interpreting like identifying, decoding, transferring, and producing interpretations. It emphasizes the importance of monitoring all participants' contributions and ensuring comprehension between participants. The document also discusses language proficiency models and notes asymmetries in interpreters' language skills. Finally, it examines the cognitive load of monitoring, coordination, and turn-taking in dialogue interpreting.
The webinar seeks to demystify a rape or sexual assault encounter for interpreters. To provide the interpreter with an understanding of what is rape, sexual assault, victimology, violent crimes, myths and facts. With the intent of creating a broad base of knowledge on the topic to be prepared to interpret while staying with the confines of the role. To recognize if they have the capacity to handle the emotional context of this work, that can cause vicarious trauma or haunt the interpreter for a long time. The code of ethics will be reviewed, to discuss boundaries, they will learn about the national statistics on rape and sexual assault (female/male), how to approach an LEP/Deaf victim, the best “mode” of interpretation, and many resources for pre, post, and during the session. Graphic language, visual of areas that are most impacted during a rape/assault will be shown, as well as an in-depth explanation of a medical forensic examination, and a video of the exam. The intent is to demystify it and educate so there isn’t apprehension when you are requested for an interpretation and to know if you are able to faithfully interpret.
Learning Objectives:
1. Build a foundation of understanding, best practices, and understanding of the role of the interpreter in a rape or sexual assault interpretation.
2. How to best serve the LEP patient, while staying in the interpreter role, in a situation that is emotionally charged and has legal connotation.
3. Know best practices, preferences, how to engage the legal aspect of the encounter, working with officers.
To understand the EMT / Ambulance impact on the patients care and the medical exam in the emergency room.
4. Will have a clear view of how to serve the LEP and all those involved in the encounter/session with precision, empathy, and without ever stepping out of his/her role.
This document summarizes a webinar presented by Mara Youdelman on the state of language access under Section 1557 after the Trump Administration issued new final regulations in June 2020.
The new regulations made several changes to the 2016 final regulations implementing Section 1557, including repealing many nondiscrimination protections based on gender identity and sex stereotypes. Regarding language access, the new regulations put the "four factor test" for determining when language services are needed directly into the regulations. They also removed many specific requirements around translation of documents, notices, and taglines. However, Title VI and the HHS LEP Guidance still remain in effect. Overall, the new regulations reduced some language access requirements but entities are still
This document summarizes a webinar presentation hosted by the National Council on Interpreting in Health Care (NCIHC) on preparing for Individualized Education Program (IEP) meetings.
The webinar provided interpreters with tips for working in IEP meetings, which determine the special education plan for students with disabilities. It defined key terms, laws, and the IEP process. Dilemmas interpreters may face in IEP settings were presented and strategies were discussed, such as asking for terminology explanations, remaining neutral, and managing communication flow. Resources on special education laws and terms were also provided to help interpreters prepare.
In the second segment of this two part series, Ludmila “Mila” Golovine, Founder, President & CEO of MasterWord and an interpreter herself, will further address vicarious traumatization not from a scientific but from an insider’s point of view - as a representative of a profession that is vulnerable to this type of trauma. Professionals working in healthcare, in court, in jail, with refugees, with child protective services, with victims of abuse, or in war zones most likely experienced high levels of stress, suffered vicarious trauma, or felt vulnerable during their everyday work. However, there are limited resources specifically available for interpreters. Participants will be provided with additional practical tools from various sources that have been specifically adapted to help interpreters prevent and/or mitigate the effects of vicarious trauma before, during and after difficult interpreting encounters.
Webinar attendees are encouraged, but not required, to view the recording of the previous webinar on this topic: How Not To Hurt: Teaching Trainers about Vicarious Trauma and Interpreter Self-Care
Learning Objectives:
1. Identify the potential impact of vicarious trauma on work performance and quality of life.
2. Identify a variety of practical tools that can be used by interpreters to mitigate the effects of Vicarious Trauma and stress before, during and after the encounter.
3. Develop a network of support.
Providing interpreting services during times of crisis, specifically in response to the COVID-19 pandemic, is a shared priority among all language access stakeholders - interpreters, managers, interpreter referral agencies, patients, and healthcare providers. Delivering interpreting services via remote modalities offers one possible solution to minimize the risk of exposure and transmission of contagions. In this presentation, the panelists will address practical areas of concern and consideration for all stakeholders when transitioning from an on-site model to a remote model for interpreter services. The presentation will focus on delivery of both spoken and signed languages and include a moderated Q&A to address attendees' questions and concerns as best possible.
1. Guidance for interpreter services managers and agencies on how to set up an emergency call center for Over-the-Phone Interpreting (OPI) and/or Video Remote Interpreting (VRI) and how to support staff interpreters in this transition
2. Guidance for interpreters on transitioning from in-person to remote to make their service delivery smooth and less stressful, especially for those who have never done remote interpreting before
3. Tips for healthcare providers in working with remote interpreters and strategies to ensure effective communication when adapting to the transition
This document discusses issues related to providing interpreting services for detained immigrants in removal proceedings. It begins with an overview of the agencies involved in detention and removal proceedings, as well as common health issues faced by detained immigrants. It then discusses the conditions in detention centers, including issues related to medical care and recent litigation around treatment and conditions. The document provides guidance on logistics and technical aspects of interpreting in detention centers and clinical domains interpreters should prepare for, including medical terminology, mental health evaluations, and trauma-informed practice. Overall, it emphasizes the importance of protocols, confidentiality, and understanding the complex legal and health issues faced by detained immigrants.
This document discusses strategies for delivering interpreter training that incorporates language-specific and bilingual instruction. It defines key terms and explores reasons for choosing the language of instruction. Various learning activities are described that benefit from language-specific or bilingual approaches, including skills-building exercises, healthcare terminology development, and addressing complex concepts. The document also covers engaging language experts in developing and presenting training and adjusting teaching methods for online versus on-site delivery formats.
Professionalism is one of the nine NCIHC standards, yet trainers do not always address it. In this panel presentation, three seasoned trainers will discuss the standard and how you can train interpreters to go beyond its scope to succeed in business. Whether your students become independent contractors or staff interpreters, you can teach them how to be true professionals. This webinar will discuss best practices for following the NCIHC standard, diving into topics such as effective resume/bio writing, invoicing, timeliness, performance quality, social media and communication, professional associations, certification, and building relationships. Working conditions, knowing one’s worth, preparation techniques, apps and web-based resources, and client/employer expectations will also be presented. By introducing your students to the world of business, they will join the ranks of successful and fulfilled professionals who can navigate the ever-changing market conditions in healthcare interpreting.
By the end of this webinar, interpreter trainers will be better equipped to:
1) Teach strategies and introduce tools for interpreters to become successful professionals;
2) Define and apply the national standard of professionalism;
3) Leverage social media effectively to enhance professional network;
4) Help interpreters better prepare for assignments;
5) Help interpreters understand what it means to be a professional.
While the interpreting profession has had LLD interpreters for many years, these individuals often have had few options for training and development to succeed in their profession. Court systems, community services, and healthcare providers have had difficulties in supporting the success of these interpreters for reasons that include lack of awareness of the unique complexities of interpreting and unrealistic expectations. Barriers that interpreters are tasked with overcoming include lack of
equivalencies of westernized terms, lack of shared medical concepts among the participants in the encounter, and difficulties in working with other interpreters when relay interpreting2 is required to facilitate communication among the participants of the encounter. Often times neither interpreter working in relay interpreting encounters has had training on how to effectively perform relay interpreting in consecutive or simultaneous mode. This presentation will aid in presenting and discussing possible strategies and solutions to overcome these barriers. Interpreter trainers will gain awareness of the complexities that these interpreters face and will be presented with practical
strategies that they can include in their training programs or workshops.
This training covers concepts and practical techniques, including:
- Identify barriers for LLD interpreters related to lack of language equivalencies
- Identify barriers to effectively interpreting in situations that require relay interpreting
- Describe training strategies and solutions that prepare interpreters to overcome these barriers
Whether in a conference workshop or in a classroom-based setting, interpreter trainers and instructors are frequently faced with the challenge of delivering meaningful learning experiences for groups of students who themselves have varying levels of skills and prior knowledge. Add on the challenge of instructing individuals who have different learning preferences, and it can seem impossible for trainers to deliver presentations and classes that hit the mark for everyone.
This webinar is designed to provide interpreter trainers with a variety of tools and strategies to overcome these challenges so that no one leaves their workshop or class feeling shortchanged. Learn how to avoid losing precious minutes by bringing one segment of the group up to speed while the other segment is hungry for more advanced instruction and skills practice. Gain strategies on how to prepare activities that are challenging but still accessible and well-suited to each skill level. Create content, or modify existing content, that addresses the learning preferences of each individual and, most importantly, sticks with learners long after the end of the class or workshop. Step-by-step examples of how to use and apply the tools will be presented.
Learning objectives
In this webinar, interpreter trainers will learn how to
- Use Bloom’s Taxonomy as a guide to writing clear learning objectives that target different skill levels
- Adapt lesson plans in order to create learner-centered experiences and effective delivery methods
- Apply tools for creating rubrics and incorporating technology into lesson plans
Traditionally, we have only heard of translation tools. With the rapid developments in the interpretation industry, we can and should be exploring technology that interpreters can use to train and hone their craft. You'll learn how to get to the next level in public speaking, measuring voice quality, reading texts out loud, and more.
Learning objectives:
After attending this webinar, participants should be able to:
Explain how audio book-type apps can prepare interpreters for assignments
Discuss how a simple wifi based app can mimic a receiver and transmitter
Describe how interpreters can use technology to organize glossaries
Identify tools to help interpreters improve public speaking skills, including video feedback
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3. NATIONAL
COUNCIL
ON
INTERPRETING
IN
HEALTH
CARE
Housekeeping
• This session is being recorded
• Certificate of Attendance
*must attend full 90 minutes
*certificates will be emailed by
March 13, 2021
• Use “Q&A” to send comments and
questions to the hosts
Homefor Trainers Interpreter Trainers Webinars Workgroup
An initiative of the Standards and Training Committee
www.ncihc.org/home-for-trainers
5. Missing the Plot: Preparing Trainee
Interpreters for the Use of Informal
Idiomatic Language in the Health
Setting
Ineke Crezee, PhD, Professorof Interpretingand Translation
Auckland UniversityofTechnology
6. Historical
background
How it all started
Research
Implementation in the
mixed language
classroom
Implementation in
other course settings
7. ‘the unfortunate experiment’
• 1970s-1980s: cervical cancer research:
• No interpreters
• No Informed Consent
• Women died
• Two journalists wrote about this > shock waves
• (Bunkle & Coney, 1987)
• Cartwright commission of inquiry appointed
• (Cartwright, 1988; Coney, 2009; Bryder, 2009; Bunkle, 2010)
• Recommendations: use of trained healthcare interpreter where
practicable
• Informed Consent always used
• Recommendations enshrined in the 1996 Health and Disability
Act: the right to effective communication
• Photo: NationalWomen’sHospital, Auckland,New Zealand
8. Briefhistory of interpretingin New Zealand
• Auckland Technical Institute:
first health interpreting course
1990 – 90 hours – borrowing
from Australians in terms of
AUSIT code of ethics etc.
• Mixed language classroom
cohorts from the outset
• ATI> Auckland University of
Technology (AUT) in 2000
• Ineke involved from 1991 to
the present time: many
changes, from short certificate
to Grad Cert (4 papers), Grad
Dip (in Arts) Interpreting, and
BA Interpreting
9. Healthinterpretingcourses
• Part of overarching
qualifications: consisting of 4
courses (Graduate Certificate), 8
courses (Graduate Diploma), or
3-year BA Interpreting
• Interpreter role, ethics and
practice course is always a co-
requisite or pre-requisite
• Health interpreting courses used
to have 3 assessments,now only
two, due to university-wide
changes implemented due to
Covid-19 pandemic//teaching
wholly online in most of 2020
10. Reflectionsas partof course
• Semester One: Introduction to organ
systems and commonconditions,
lots of dialogue practice: only 2
assessments (since Covid-19):
dialogue interpreting test, reflections
on own interpreting and on language
peer feedback
• Semester Two: specialist healthcare
areas, including oncology, NICU,
working with speech language
therapists: only 2 assessments:
simultaneous interpreting (300
words), long consecutive interpreting
(300 words), reflective journal
Photo: SLT clinic at University of Auckland
11. Why idiomatic language?
• Student cohorts mainly consistof skilled migrants
• Learning English as an additional language usually involves
learning formal English: “How do you do?”
• Informal idiomatic language is learned in context:learners
learn to understand (and use) informal expressions – when
and when not to use them
• Over the years studentsalways came up to ask meaning of
informal expressions in practice dialogues – NOT medical
terms, since they would learn those in class and discuss
them with their same language peers
• In other words, they did not struggle with medical terms so
much, as they did with informal language
12. Why is idiomatic language important in
interpreter education?
• Crezee and Grant (2020, p. 44) argued that when student
interpreters interpret idiomatic language,
• “they would quite possibly give a literal rendition of the
idiomatic language, thereby potentially misinterpreting the
meaning. This assumption was born out by a subsequent
study (Crezee & Grant, 2016) where student interpreters
incorrectly interpreted idiomatic language used by
paramedics featured in authentic audiovisual interpreting
practice material. Hence, studentinterpreters’ inability to
correctly distinguish literal from idiomatic language may not
only affect the accuracy of their input monitoring (cf. Liu,
2008), but also prevent them from considering pragmatic
and culturally appropriate equivalences.”
13. Why is interpreting idiomatic language
verbatim of concern?
• “This is of concern, as interpreting such language verbatim
may result in inaccurate or culturally and pragmatically
inappropriate outputs (cf. Darwish, 2006; Hale, 2014; Issa,
2018; Crezee, Teng & Burn, 2017), as demonstratedin these
examples cited by Mikkelson (2017, p. 69):
• “When a Colombian says ‘¿que más?’ is it ‘what else?’ or
‘how you doin’?’ When a Dominican says ‘dímelo, tigraso,’ is
he actually talking to someone called ‘tigraso’ [big tiger], or
is he saying something more akin to ‘talk to me, big guy’?
• (Palma, 2004, as cited in Valero-Garces, 2014, p. 163)”
• (Crezee & Grant, 2020, p. 44).
15. Study: An Achilles Heel?
• In 1999 Lynn Grant (originally from Canada) and her
colleague Gay Devlin published In other words: A dictionary
of expressions used in New Zealand
16. Teaching idiomatic expressions?
• From 1999 to 2005 Ineke taught student interpreters 10
different commonly used idiomatic expressions per week,
and working them into practice dialogues.
• Students:never heard this expression
• After learning: I hear this expression all the time now
• Maybe we don’t hear expressions if we don’t know what
they mean
• Or perhaps we “interpret” them literally? Sometimes that
can work. “She left that job with her head held high.”
17. First study
• Do studentsrecognize idiomatic expressionsfor what they
are?
• Recognition is the first step.
• Translating literature: important to recognize fresh new
expressions from tired old cliches.
• (my problem as a student of literary translation)
• Even with an MA in English, I was not familiar with NZ
expressions:
• “Where is our guest going to sleep?”
• “Oh, he can just crash on the floor!”
• “Crash??!!”
18. Results published in 2020
• Participants: 12 student interpreters (Mandarin, Russian,
Farsi, Samoan, Tongan, Spanish, Thai, Korean) – aged 20-50
• Phase One: The importance and awareness of idiomatic
language (first semester
• Pre- and post-survey re perceived importance of knowing
idiomatic language from literal language
• Phase Two: ability to identify phrases as being literal,
idiomatic or both
• idioms randomly taken from the Cambridge International Dictionary
of Idioms
• Idioms taken from television interviews and dialogues
19. Expressions consistently incorrectly
explained (or failed to explain)
• It’s a doosey
• It goes both ways
• I thought I’d died and gone to heaven
• You are a train wreck
• I am giving you an out
• You have your work cut out for you
• He’s always there for me
• I haven’t the foggiest
• All these are commonlyused in NZ
20. Implications for teaching (Crezee &
Grant, 2020, pp. 55-56)
• teachers working with interpreting, translation or other
non-native English-speaking students:
• • Raise students’awareness from the early stages of
language learning:
• that manyEnglish phrases can have a literal meaning, a non-literal
meaning, or sometimes both.
• that these meanings can be deceptively transparent (Martinez &
Murphy, 2011).
21. More recommendations
(Crezee & Grant, 2020, p. 55)
• • Choose a variety of sources of idioms:
• names of shops, written and spoken advertisements, clips from
soap operas (e.g. Grant, 1996)and TV sitcoms, newspaper
headlines, radio and television interviews, talkback radio, political
texts.
• dictionaries of idioms, especially those with pictures and
etymology, (cf, Szczepaniak & Lew, 2011).
• English speakers (e.g. neighbors, shopkeepers, friends).
• corpora conversations (e.g. BNC2 , COCA3 ).
• corpora lectures – (e.g. MICASE4 , BASE5 ).
• comparison with idioms used in their native languages, to increase
their intercultural awareness.
22. Final recommendations (Crezee & Grant,
2020, p. 56)
• Show students how translation of some idioms may
preserve the meaning only by changing the image, or ‘spirit
of the original’ (Horodecka & Osadnik, 1989-90).
• Encourage studentsto develop strategies:
• to notice idioms they hear and see around them.
• to paraphrase the meaning of idiomatic language including socio-
pragmatics and register.
• to practice using idioms in their conversations with classmates,
monitored by their teacher or an English speaker who can give
feedback on the appropriateness of their use.
24. Students like authentic practice!
• Next study: studentswere shown clips from NZ television
programmes where professionals were interacting with
members of the public
• Funding used to transcribe, pay assessors to give feedback,
and funding for technical assistance:
• Funding to manipulate clips: utterances interspersed with
silences/blank screens to give students time to interpret
• Ethics approval (student-teacherrelationship)
• Crezee & Grant (2013), Missing the plot? Investigating the
role of idiomatic language in interpreting pedagogies.
25. What came before the study
• From 1999 to 2005, students in liaison interpreting (Gentile,
Ozolins, & Vasalikakos, 1996) courses were taught 120
idiomatic expressions taken from Grant and Devlin (1999).
• Students would initially express surprise at the existence of
expressions such as up in the air, mixed bag, box of
birds, and bright-eyed and bushy-tailed, often saying that
they had never heard these used. However, once they
learned the expressions, students would almost invariably
tell the lecturer that they now heard them used “all the
time.” This experience demonstrates the importance of
raising awareness of such expressions among student
interpreters (Crezee & Grant, 2013).
26. definition
• “idioms have been traditionally defined as expressions
whose meanings are not the functions of the meanings
of their individual parts (Chomsky, 1980; Fernando,
1996; Fraser, 1970).
• Usage of idiomatic language is common, not just in
general English (Grant & Nation, 2006) but also in the
language use of professionals, who may use idiomatic
language in an attempt to put patients or members of
the public at ease. Interpreting students thus must
develop awareness and reflectiveness in relation to
their ability to choose appropriate approaches to
interpreting idiomatic language (cf. Baker, 2011).”
• (Crezee & Grant, 2013, p.
27. Corpus
• The corpus consists of the written transcripts of language
used in 80 recorded reality television programs shown on
New Zealand television between 2003 and 2011, with most
of them dating from 2009 to 2011. All documentaries
featured “real-life drama” showing paramedics and
immigration, customs, prison, and police officers interacting
with members of the public. Approximately half of them
showed these professionals at work in New Zealand; the
other half were in settings in Australia (Australian and New
Zealand English are considerably similar in terms of
expressions used and also in terms of the ways speakers
interact with each other).
28. Participants
• Participants
• students from four different undergraduate interpreting
courses: liaison interpreting, advanced interpreting health,
advanced interpreting legal, and telephone interpreting and
videoconferencing.
• broad range of sociolinguistic backgrounds
• large majority (96%) had English as an additional language
(EAL).
• Applicants for interpreting programs at the university are
always asked about the extent of their exposure to both of
their working languages, in particular about the number of
years spent working with colleagues speaking the
applicants’ second language (L2). This is done to ensure that
student interpreters can comprehend natural and idiomatic
language used in everyday contexts.
29. Missing the plot?
Three distinct parts
• 1. Testing student interpreters’ ability to recognize idiomatic
expressions in transcripts of natural language as well as their
ability to identify the correct meaning of such expressions: 53
students Week 2 pre-test and Week 10 post-test (12-week
semester):
• Results showed that students varied considerably in their
ability to recognize the correct meaning of the language
excerpts given. It is interesting to note that whereas some
students seemed to have become more familiar with the
idioms, others appeared to have become more confused,
scoring lower on the posttest than on the pretest.
• Crezee, I., & Grant,L. (2013). Missingthe plot?Idiomaticlanguage in interpreter education.
International Journal of Interpreter Education, 7(1),
30. Post-test survey results
• The posttest: also few questions asking how interpreting students
perceived the importance of gaining familiarity with idiomatic
expressions.
• Answers showed that 61% of respondents thought it extremely
important for interpreting students to be familiar with this
language, whereas 32% thought it was very important, and 7%
thought it was quite important (moderately important).
• When asked how best to learn idioms (various options given)
• interacting with colleagues at work – selected as the best way to
learn such expressions,
• closely followed by watching ordinary television programs and
watching reality television programs showing professionals at work.
• One student commented, “I think that sometimes I miss some
form of idiomatic expressions; for instance, I recently learned
that ‘with his head held high’ means ‘with confidence,’ but I take
it literally [sic].”
31. Prior to Part 2 of the study
• a small group of students (n = 6) were presented with audiovisual material
taken from one of the documentary programs for interpreting in the
computer laboratory.
• This material showed a corrections dog handler searching the car of a
prison visitor and finding some contraband. After the female visitor had
given the dog handler increasingly different responses as to whether she
knew the contraband was there and why she had this in her car, the dog
handler ended up telling her, “Your story doesn’t wash.”
• Students reported that without the transcripts they would have found it
more difficult to pick up on the meaning and said that they used the
audiovisual context and perceived information about the relationship
between the speakers on the screen to surmise the meaning of the
idiomatic expressions used.
• Context-related information also provided clues of a sociopragmatic nature
that assisted student interpreters in paraphrasing the idiomatic expressions
appropriately in the target language (TL).
• This supported our decision to present interpreting students with a
combination of excerpts from written transcripts and audiovisual material.
32. Guessing the meaning of idiomatic
expressions
• 2. Over a 10-week period, students(n=36) watched excerpts
from the transcriptions of the documentaries - were asked
to paraphrase the meaning of idiomatic expressionsused by
the speakers – in writing.
• The most familiar expression in the transcript proved to
be “he should buy a Lotto ticket,” meaning that he was
very lucky (88% correct).
• [image is from Road Cops, a NZ television doco]
33. Idiomatic expressions
• He might be clean (87% correct)
• He is quickly on their tails (83% correct)
• These guys are just digging a bigger hole for themselves
(53% correct)
• It’s Tony’s turn to bat (50%)
• Classic, man! (33% correct)
• He has rolled pretty quickly (20%)
• This street is Hoon Central (10%)
• He gets bolshy (6%)
• Two boy racers light up (3%)
34. Part 3 of the study
• 3. Students practiced dialogues based on the transcripts of the
reality television programs and were asked what approach they
had taken to interpret these
• The health interpreting students’ practice files were based
on a transcript taken from an Australian reality television
program showing Australian paramedics and emergency
department staff interacting with patients. The liaison
interpreting practice files were taken from a New Zealand
reality television program showing customs officers at work.
After they practiced with the dialogues, students received
the accompanying transcripts in which the idiomatic
language items had been highlighted. They were asked to
put a check next to those they were familiar with and a cross
next to expressions they had found unfamiliar. They were
also asked some brief questions about their approach to
interpreting such expressions.
35. Part 3 findings
• Students found it difficult to interpret some “on the
spot” and admitted that they had sometimes chosen a
verbatim interpretation due to time constraints.
• A majority stated they would have chosen to
paraphrase such expressions given more time.
• A small minority admitted they had not recognized the
idiomatic expressions for what they were when played
the mp3 files and had therefore chosen a literal
interpretation.
36.
37. Paraphrasing as the best strategy?
• “Morris (1999, as cited in Hale, 2008, p. 115) asserted that
interpreting involves “gaining an understanding of the intentions
of the original-languagespeaker and attempting to convey the
illocutionary force of the original utterance,” adding that this
“understanding will be to some extent a personal, i.e., a subjective
one.” Hale stated that “the interpreter’s very difficult role is to
understand the intention of the utterance and portray it as
faithfully as possible in the other language” (Hale, 2008, p. 115).
Although it may not be possible to ever be sure about the
intention behind other people’s utterances, interpreters can “be
faithful to their own interpretation of the original utterance,” as
that is the best they can be expected to do (Hale, 2008, p. 115).
For this study, we feel that paraphrasing may be the most “risk-
averse” approach to recommend to student interpreters in this
context.”
• (Crezee & Grant, 2013, p. )
• However,paraphrasing requires 1)recognizing idiom; 2)
understanding its intended meaning in the context
38. Recommendations for
interpreter trainers
• Try to ascertain how much exposure course applicants have
had to natural language (L1 and L2) in a range of settings:
have they worked in the L1 and L2 setting? In which
country/countries?
• Encourage optimal exposure to idiomatic language
• Ensure trainee interpreters recognize idiomatic language for
what it is. Recognition is a crucial first step – checking with
speaker if they sense they don’t “get” the intended meaning
• Encourage trainee interpreters to develop strategies for
paraphrasing idiomatic language
39. More recommdations
• Explore including natural idiomatic language in the
‘classroom’, as this will encourage students’ awareness
of such items and will enable students to reflect on
appropriate sociopragmatic interpreting strategies.
• A good way of doing this might be to get students to
watch clips of natural language use and ask them to
write down and paraphrase five idioms.
• Following this, the students should be exposed to a
practice dialogue (in either audio or audiovisual mode)
that includes idiomatic expressions taken from the
same video clip.
40. Thrownin the deepend (Crezee& Grant,
2016)
• My favourite study:
• Students were asked
to interpret after the
speakers in some
excerpts from the
Australian
documentary Recruit
Paramedics
41. Thrown in the deep end
Focus on:
• Naturally occurring idiomatic language used by paramedics
interacting with the public. Audiovisual clips showing
paramedics at work chosen: language used in the different
clips referred to common healthcare conditions, which meant
terminology was relatively easy to interpret for studentswho
had already completed an introductory health interpreting
course.
• Students’ awareness of the same, and their ability to recognize
and interpret it at first attempt.
• Classroom discussionswith healthcare interpreting students
over the past two decades: they encounter 2 main types of
problems
• 1) relating to medical terminology (as one would expect)
• 2) use of everyday idiomatic language.
42. Method
• Participants: L2 English student interpreters representing a range
of different languages including Mandarin, Cantonese, Russian,
Samoan, Portuguese, Thai and Korean.
• All student interpreters in an advanced healthcare interpreting
classroom.
• Students interpreted clips – received feedback from language
assessors
• Idiomatic expressions from the scripts were inserted into an Excel
spreadsheet and for each expression on each clip, a comment
was made as to how the student had interpreted the expression
in question (correct paraphrase, omission or incorrect
interpretation).
• Pre- and post-study survey
• Analysis of language use
43. Findings re language use
• Three types of use of informal idiomatic language:
• 1) Eliciting information from either patient or
relatives/bystanders
• What has our young lady done? (speaking to an 85-year old
female),
• 2) Giving instructions
• You reckon you can give us a hand to get on the bed?
• 3) Softened Representations of Medical Reality (SRMRs)
• You need to go into the hospital, get a bit of a chest x-ray
• I just need you to hang in there alright?
44. Sometimes all three categories
within the same utterance
• I’m just going to pop this on your face, cause your breathing is
pretty ordinary, isn’t it doll?
• We are just pulling up okay. Just keep coughing it up, you are
doing really well okay?
• Going to try and clean you up here a bit, alright?
• [said to a patient with a serious episode of pneumonia
complicated by Mexican flu.]
• Another utterance aimed at both instructing and reassuring
included: Okay, just straighten that leg up for me. You’re alright,
you don’t move at all, you let me move you.
• You look like you might have done that other hip darling. That’s
how it’s sort of looking [said to an elderly woman who had broken
her other hip the previous year]
45. Examples of
incorrectly interpreted phrases
• you reckon you can giveus a hand to getonto the bed? - give us your arm; give us one of
your hands. …
• she’s a bit worked up… -should be able to recover with a good night’srest; so it broughther
to the current
• she was rearendedwhen the car in front of her stopped suddenly - she hit a car in front;
she went into a car; she hit the front; she lost her direction; her car spin out as it been hit …
• my legs just went out from under me… - I think this side has no feelings; legs stayed/went
on; something went not quite well; everything was blurry’.
• probably stillhasn’t sunk in - too much happened today I think I will slowly accept them;
now startsslowly realizing; have to slowly experience it
• I will just pop that on you - Do you have any problems?; I'll take this off; I'll just take out
this thing into this way; I'll take that out
• thrown in the deep end - has experienced death; was right about his job; has done a lot of
good things in a week; was put onto a day shift; has been involved as much as possible; ‘has
been thrown in day team.
46. It still hasn’t sunk in…..
• With regard to the expression
• it still hasn’t sunk in,
• two students seemed to have mistaken the word ‘sunk’ for
‘sun’.
• Another one said I will slowly accept them
• It should be noted that in spoken Chinese language, the
verb ‘accept’ can also mean ‘to understand’.
47. Concluding remarks on ‘thrown in the
deep end’
• “It is sometimes jokingly said that informality is the default
mode of communicationin Australia and New Zealand and
the discourse of the paramedics certainly fell into this
category, as they tried to establish rapport with their
patients and get them to relax” (Crezee & Grant, 2016, p.
10).
• “The findings demonstrated students’apparent lack of
familiarity with idiomatic and colloquial language, both in
terms of recognizing it as such, and being able to accurately
guess its meaning, as well as cross-cultural issues relating to
the acceptability of such language in the patient's culture”
(Crezee & Grant, 2016, p. 10).
48. Cross-cultural considerations
• “Several students commented afterwardsthat it would be
unacceptable in their culture to address patients as doll,
sweetie, mate, buddy or by their first name (as in the case
of 85-year-old Gwen). Some said they considered them
culturally inappropriate and had felt omission was the best
approach. While such terms of address can easily be left out
without changing the meaning of the utterance, the same
cannot be said for the omission of colloquialisms used to
help make patients feel more relaxed about their situation.
It might be that interpreting trainers need to make room in
their training to cover this aspect of the language with
trainees and its purpose, especially with those trainees
aiming to become medical interpreters” (Crezee & Grant,
2016, p. 10).
49. Whereto find
Paramedics
• Recruit paramedics
• https://youtu.be/nAdw8jqaVIQ
• “if you haven’t got a sense of humor,
you’ve got 8 weeks to develop one”
• Paramedics
• https://youtu.be/gQQk9cuj8BE?list=PL
LPhP7srang8Ae1The6HmpRXzfXtO6kR
D
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xg
ohGiwVPkM&ab_channel=AmbulanceV
ic
• Rapid ResponseNew Zealand
• https://youtu.be/a3fpQ3tQG0s
50. Other real life television programs for
interpreting practice
• UK: 24 hours in Emergency
• New Zealand: LifeFlight
• New Zealand: Rapid Response (unscripted); ShortlandStreet
(scripted)
• Australia: RPA/Royal Prince Alfred Hospital (Sydney)
• US: (on Netflix):
• Lenox Hill (https://www.netflix.com/nz/title/80201728)
• https://www.prevention.com/life/g25737172/netflix-health-
documentaries/
51. Informal language in bad news
interview
• I get my students in their second health interpreting
course (special settings such as oncology, mental
health) to reflect on pretending to be the interpreter in a
bad news conversation involving an Australian GI
surgeon called Dr Storey who is giving an Australian
man called Doug bad news about his inoperable
stomach cancer.
• Students play, interpret and record their renditions in
VoiceThread – then replay and reflect on their
renditions immediately after – they also reflect on
interpreting such bad news interview in a reflective
writing assignment
52. Bad news interview: Doug and Dr Storey
– what happened first
Dr Storey has told Doug that he will operate on his stomachcancer,but first Doug has a
PET scan and that shows two suspicious looking areas in the lymph nodes below
Doug’s stomach. Dr Storey tells Doug this and carries out a gastrotomy:Two specimens
(biopsies) are sent to the Pathology Lab.
• Dr St: It’s got some areas with tumour in it. It’s like it’s invading fibrous
tissue I think.
• [the phone rings. Theater Nurse answers the phone]
• Dr McK: Hello it’s Dr McKenzie in Pathology. I’ve got a frozen section report for
Dr Storey. There were two, two specimens sent up, both labelled para-aortic lymph
node and both of them contained metastatic carcinoma.
• Nurse: Both contain metastatic carcinoma. Okay thank you very much. Bye,
bye.
• Dr St: So it’s metastatic carcinoma. So it’s not so good. Okay. We’ve got all
the information we need now. So just to reinforce it for him because it’s almost
certainly from his stomach. Scissors thanks.And that’s about the worst news we could
have got. I’ll go back and see him tonight and tell him that and we’ll talk more about
the implications of it tomorrow. Okay, well, that’s one for the PET scan I guess.
53. Dr Storey reports back to Doug
– Doug’s wife is sitting next to him
• DR: … and I took a sample of that off and sent it to the pathologist.
Now the pathologist can’t give an absolute answer on what’s gone
up, but I guess the important thing is that the bit I did remove is
cancer and it’s not lymphoma, they can tell me that much, so the
only options really that are left are to use chemotherapy for it.
• Doug: Right. But surgery wouldn’t clean it, you couldn’t take those out
plus the bit of stomach?
• DR: I could do it, but it wouldn’t cure you. You’ve got to use the fact
that it’s spread to those glands as an index that it might well have
spread to places that even the PET scan didn’t see.
• Doug Oh I see what you mean. So that is not the be all and end all.
• DR: Look it might be, but you’ve just got to go on the odds, and the fact
is that it’s not really in anyone’s experience that removing nodes in
that area involved with cancer is likely to result in you being cured.
54. Doug and Dr Storey
- continued
• Doug: Oh right. So does that mean that the only alternative then is
chemo?
• DR: Is chemotherapy. Yeah, I mean that’s not a simple decision
either in that chemotherapy for stomach cancers, it’s not
fantastic. It can be very good in some people, but you’ve got to
say there’s a few people that have it and get no benefit at all
from it. I mean ultimately it will come down to your decision
once we’ve sort of told you all the pros and cons.
• Doug: Yeah, well I’d be a layman so I’d only be able to absorb what
you said and I still want you to be nodding.
55. Doug and Dr Storey
- continued
• Dr: Sure, sure. But the other thing that you’ve got to remember is that you
yourself aren’t feeling too bad. There’s an argument in this circumstance that
says that you’re feeling pretty fit and well, that you’re strong at the moment,
and you know that sort of indicates to me that the cancer is not overwhelming
your system. That can be taken both ways. You might say well now is the
time to have the chemotherapy and give its best effect. On the other hand, you
might want to take what some might refer to as the South of France option
and sort of grab the fact that you are feeling well and living well and eating
well now, and not have that upset by the fact of chemotherapy.
• _____
• Doug: That’s dead true, you know like if I can go through like this and
you can get out and do a bit of gardening and have visits from the kids and
that, then that would mean a hell of a lot then if you were propped up in a
chair and you had to be moved here and moved there to feel comfortable.
Yeah.
56.
57. Student reflections on issues
interpreting the clip
• Informal expressions - non-English speaking student
interpreters were either unable to hear them (incorrect
transcriptions) or unable to understand them
• Go on the odds
• I still want you to be nodding
• The South of France option
• Students don't get that these are part of an existing
relationship between the surgeon and the patient.
• Chinese-speaking interpreters often say they are used to
Chinese-speaking doctors (in Mainland China) being very
curt and very authoritative, and certainly not asking the
patient how they would feel about certain options.
(Taiwanese doctors are very kind, very patient oriented and
consultative, so there is quite a contrast there.)
• Other culture-specific reflections: 'death’ is not usually
discussed with the patients themselves
58. Implications for Healthcare Interpreter
Trainers
• Ensure trainees are aware of
• - informal language use by patients
• may not make sense when translated (Cindy Roat’s example)
• Euphemisms
• - Informal language use by doctors – combined with
establishing rapport and a consultative approach (Calgary
Cambridge Framework – Kurz et al., 1996)
• Providers may use informal language for a range of reasons, not
aware that this mayprovide a problem for interpreters and patients
• This is not a deal breaker, but we have to be on the same page here
(Crezee, telephone interpretingbetween Fertility specialist and
potentialsperm donorwho smoked at the time of donation)
• Softened Representations of Medical Reality
59. How to incorporate findings into teaching a
40-hour training course
• Sensitization is key - what kinds of classroom exercises
are good for sensitization?
• Scripted dialogues with idioms
• Real-life documentaries with idioms for interpreting
practice e.g.
• https://depression.org.nz/
• https://www.mentalhealth.org.nz/get-
help/stories/story/6/lance-elliot
• Feedback on renditions by same-language peers
• Reflections on renditions: intercultural (appropriateness;
how to convey pragmatic intent in a culturally sensitive
way, e.g. in Thai you would not talk about dying in a few
weeks, but about living for another few weeks)
• In pairs
• In writing
60. Semester long courses
at college
• Practice dialogues with idiomatic expressions
• Authentic practice from real life ‘fly on the wall’
documentaries involving paramedics and patients –
identify informal idiomatic expressions
• Reflections on own and others’ renditions
• One-off workshops
• If dedicating the entire workshop to the topic:
• Ask participants if they have ever encountered informal language
use by either health providers or patients that was hard to interpret
• - ask them why it was hard to interpret
• - what intercultural considerations come up
• - how they keep up with the manyregional variants for a particular
language (Spanish, Chinese, Arabic)
61. Things to remember
• The use of idiomatic language may be considered to be
inappropriate OR the interpreter may not be familiar with it
(Crezee & Grant, 2013)
• Many expressionsin Chinese go back to Chinese classics
such as ‘the Monkey King’ or ‘The Journey West’ or ‘Dreams
of the Red Mansions’
• See this interview with Dr Jing Han, head of subtitling at SBS
Australia
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5zgx4-
WjhPA&ab_channel=AUSIT
• https://www.westernsydney.edu.au/newscentre/news_centre/stor
y_archive/2017/if_you_are_the_one_and_the_art_of_translating
62. Commonly asked questions
• how you would help students to learn to identify issues, give
each other peer feedback?
• Step 1: sensitization to the issue
• Step 2: recognizing, identifying idiomatic language
• Step 3: identifying its pragmatic intent
• Step 4: how to convey this in the TL in a culturally
appropriate manner
• Step 5: reflecting on own renditions
• Step 6: reflecting on others’ renditions
• Step 7: developing strategies
• Step 8: ongoing professional development by watching
reality TV shows and interpreting in preparation for real life
scenarios
63. References
• Bryder, L. (2009). Researchinto the Cartwright Inquiry. The New Zealand
Medical Journal (Online), 122(1288).
• Bunkle, P. (2010). Patient-centred ethics, the Cartwright Inquiry and feminism:
Identifying the central fallacy in Linda Bryder, A History of the'Unfortunate
Experiment at National Women's Hospital (2009, 2010). Women's Studies
Journal, 24(2).
• Cartwright, S. (1988). The report of the committee of inquiry into allegations
concerning the treatment of cervical cancer at National Women's Hospital and
into other related matters. The Committee.
• Coney, S., & Bunkle, P. (1988).An Unfortunate Experiment at National
Women's. Bioethics News (Monash University), 8(1), 3-30.
• Crezee, I. (2013) Introduction to healthcare for interpreters and translators.
Amsterdam, the Netherlands & Philadelphia, PA: John Benjamins.
• Crezee, I., & Grant, L. (2013a). Missing the plot? Idiomatic language in
interpreter education. International Journal of Interpreter Education, 5(1), 17-
33. Retrieved from http://www.cit-asl.org/
• Crezee, I., & Grant, L. (2016). Thrown in the deep end: Challenges of
interpreting informal paramedic language. Translation and Interpreting, 8(1),
1-15.
• Crezee, I. H. M., Teng, W., & Burn, J. A. (2017). Teething problems? Chinese
student interpreters’ performance when interpreting authentic (cross-)
examination questions in the legal interpreting classroom. The Interpreter and
Translator Trainer, 11(4), 337-356.
64. References continued
• Darwish, A. (2006). Translating the news, reframing constructed realities.
Translation Watch Quarterly 2(1), 52- 77.
• Grant, L.E. (1996). Teaching conversation using a television soap. Prospect,
11(3), 60-71.
• Grant, L., & Nation, P. (2006). How many idioms are there in English?
International Journal of Applied Linguistics, 151(1), 1–14.
• Hale, S. (2014). Interpreting culture. Dealing with cross-cultural issues in court
interpreting. Perspectives. Studies in Translatology 22(3), 321-331.
• Horodecka, E. & Osadnik, W. (1989-90). The problem of translation of
idiomatic expressions from English into Polish. New Zealand Slavonic
Journal, 167-173.
• Issa, S. (2018). Challenges facing conference and television interpreters.
(Unpublished Master of Philosophy thesis, Auckland University of
Technology).
• Liu, M. (2008). How do experts interpret? Implications from researchin
Interpreting studies and cognitive science. In: Hansen, G., Chesterman, A., &
Gerzymisch-Arbogast, H. (Eds.), (2009), Efforts and models in interpreting
and translation research: a tribute to Daniel Gile (pp. 159-178).Amsterdam,
the Netherlands: John Benjamins.
• Valero-Garces, C. (2014). Transcription and translation. In H. Mikkelson and
R. Jourdenais (Eds.), The Routledge handbook of interpreting (pp. 154-168).
London and New York: Routledge.
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