The J. Willard Marriott Library at the University of
Utah has a robust oral history program, with over 32
projects spanning 1 25 linear feet with topics as
varied as the first transcontinental railroad to the
Occupy Wall Street movement. Unfortunately, as
with any oral history program, providing access has
not been without its challenges. Issues have included
interviews that have inadequate waivers, missing
final drafts, nonexistent transcriptions, and
mismatched audio and transcripts. Moreover,
providing online access presented privacy, ethical
and copyright concerns. By working collaboratively
with the American West Center, legal counsel, and
IT services, the library has been able to overcome
these challenges in order to provide improved access
to our oral history collections. In this session our oral
history team will explore the above problems and
present the solutions that have enabled the
University to provide more complete access to these
one-of-a-kind treasures.
Donnelly providing reference services in archivesJennie Graves
The document discusses providing access and reference services in archives. It covers developing access policies that balance protecting records with making them available to researchers. Reference services are important to fulfill the core purpose of archives, which is using collections. The reference process involves matching user needs to relevant resources while keeping collections secure. Creating a secure yet comfortable reference space and reference process is important for researchers.
The document discusses digital libraries, which are collections of digital documents that can be accessed online or through CD-ROMs. A digital library extends the capabilities of traditional libraries by allowing for dynamic and linked resources, richer metadata, and distributed access. Digital libraries provide access to large amounts of multimedia information from anywhere at any time through user-friendly interfaces and advanced search capabilities. They aim to efficiently deliver information to users while strengthening collaboration between institutions.
Advantages and disadvantages of digital libraryyhen06
Loertscher suggested several advantages of digital libraries including providing a starting point for all research, supporting distance learning education by providing educational opportunities for all students, and allowing patrons to access information from any location without needing a particular type of computer. However, digital libraries also have disadvantages such as access being an equity issue, too many resources making it difficult to evaluate sources, and obsolescence of books over time.
Academic libraries are transitioning from warehouses of information to gateways and services for accessing information. Traditional formats like books, periodicals, and films are now being accessed through new technologies like the internet, email, wireless networks, and digital formats. Library services are also changing, with reference help moving from in-person to email/chat, circulation becoming more self-serve, and periodicals/reserves being available online. Academic libraries are increasingly partnering with other institutions to provide broader access to resources for their users.
This presentation is made during the 4th CERN-UNESCO School on Digital libraries 2016. African libraries are invited to focus more in content, especially the local one, rather than software issues when they build digital libraries.
Donnelly providing reference services in archivesJennie Graves
The document discusses providing access and reference services in archives. It covers developing access policies that balance protecting records with making them available to researchers. Reference services are important to fulfill the core purpose of archives, which is using collections. The reference process involves matching user needs to relevant resources while keeping collections secure. Creating a secure yet comfortable reference space and reference process is important for researchers.
The document discusses digital libraries, which are collections of digital documents that can be accessed online or through CD-ROMs. A digital library extends the capabilities of traditional libraries by allowing for dynamic and linked resources, richer metadata, and distributed access. Digital libraries provide access to large amounts of multimedia information from anywhere at any time through user-friendly interfaces and advanced search capabilities. They aim to efficiently deliver information to users while strengthening collaboration between institutions.
Advantages and disadvantages of digital libraryyhen06
Loertscher suggested several advantages of digital libraries including providing a starting point for all research, supporting distance learning education by providing educational opportunities for all students, and allowing patrons to access information from any location without needing a particular type of computer. However, digital libraries also have disadvantages such as access being an equity issue, too many resources making it difficult to evaluate sources, and obsolescence of books over time.
Academic libraries are transitioning from warehouses of information to gateways and services for accessing information. Traditional formats like books, periodicals, and films are now being accessed through new technologies like the internet, email, wireless networks, and digital formats. Library services are also changing, with reference help moving from in-person to email/chat, circulation becoming more self-serve, and periodicals/reserves being available online. Academic libraries are increasingly partnering with other institutions to provide broader access to resources for their users.
This presentation is made during the 4th CERN-UNESCO School on Digital libraries 2016. African libraries are invited to focus more in content, especially the local one, rather than software issues when they build digital libraries.
The document discusses how libraries have adapted to providing internet access to patrons. It notes that librarians now use the internet and web to answer reference questions and provide access to new materials. Many libraries have made internet access a top priority to meet patron needs. As a result, libraries now facilitate self-education and enrichment by offering free access to online resources through public workstations. The Library of Congress provides internet access through workstations intended for research use only in accordance with its conduct policies.
Need and Importance of ICT Based Library Services in ODL: With Special Refere...Anupama Chetia
Need and Importance of ICT Based Library Services in ODL: With Special Reference to Krishna Kanta Handiqui State Open University &Gauhati University Institute of Distance and Open Learning
Introduction to digital libraries - definitions, examples, concepts and trend...Olaf Janssen
This presentation gives an introduction to digital libraries.
It first explores different defintions of the phrase "Digital Library".
It then looks at 11 real life examples of digital library websites (slides 44-112), including Europeana, Google Books, Flickr the Commons, Delpher, Wikisource, The Memory of the Netherlands and Project Gutenberg. Each of these DLs is assessed against five different criteria (concepts, properties)
- Content/User experience
- Cultural heritage domain (libraries, archives, museums, AV-institutions)
- Controlled / run by
- Content providing parties
- User involvement
Many references are made to Web2.0-concepts from Tim O'Reilly's article http://www.oreilly.com/pub/a/web2/archive/what-is-web-20.html
From these 11x5 = 55 datapoints 6 trend plots are drawn (slides 116-166) to show "what is hot" and "what is not" in the current DL-landscape. Key slide summarizing this = no 168
Finally, some strategies for content & brand distribution of DLs are being discussed (SEO, Wikipedia, social & ego networks) , as well as some financial trends in DLs
This presentation was given by Olaf Janssen (National Library of the Netherlands - KB) as a lecture for students of the master's course "The Library" at Leiden University, most recently on 3-11-2016.
The document discusses two methods for providing access to forensic disk images in a web service: 1) Emulation as a Service (bwFLA) which implements a QEMU emulator to access disk images and allows booting or mounting images in an emulated environment via a web interface. 2) BitCurator Access Webtools which uses digital forensics libraries to synthesize a view of file systems and data within disk images and provides a web interface for selectively accessing content. Both aim to simplify access while maintaining protections for disk image integrity and allowing redaction of sensitive content.
This document discusses web accessibility and the WCAG guidelines. It defines accessibility and describes how a focus on presentation over content can negatively impact accessibility. The WCAG guidelines provide 12 guidelines to make web content accessible, such as providing text alternatives for non-text content and ensuring users have control over time-sensitive content. Examples of CAPTCHAs, drop-down menus, and effects are discussed in terms of their usability and accessibility. Testing tools like the web developer toolbar and Lynx are also mentioned.
Presentation for seminar by sudeshna dattaSudeshnaDatta6
The digital library is an electronic library where information is stored and retrieved in digital form. A modern digital library is a media server connected to high-speed networks. Digital libraries in an e-learning environment provide resources like online library catalogs, e-journals, e-books, and allow for library consortiums where resources are shared. As libraries enter the knowledge age, librarians should work with IT professionals to develop appropriate learning management systems and acquire training on digital librarianship and information networking technology.
Resource sharing network protocol in library Science (presentation)Muhammad Kashif
This document discusses resource sharing between libraries. It outlines two protocols for resource sharing: conventional and advanced. The conventional protocol involves sharing printed materials through interlibrary loan based on union catalogs and lists. The advanced automated protocol utilizes technologies like the World Wide Web, online public access catalogs, electronic formats, email, MARC standards, Z39.50 for database searching, and digital libraries to share resources electronically. Resource sharing networks allow libraries to provide extensive access to information with limited budgets by collaborating and pooling resources.
ICT has revolutionized libraries and information centers. Libraries have adopted ICT to automate operations, provide digital resources, and take on new roles. Key ICT applications in libraries include library automation systems, digital libraries, institutional repositories, electronic resources, and networking tools. Library professionals must develop skills in areas like software, databases, digital libraries, and multimedia to effectively manage modern libraries using ICT. ICT allows libraries to improve access and services for users in the digital era.
Mlibraries2 ou library mlibraries seminar May 2010m-libraries
The document discusses mobile innovation in UK libraries. It describes the Open University Library's development of a mobile website to better serve students and researchers, most of whom have mobile devices. The initial mobile site (v1) was launched in 2008, with a second version (v2) currently in development. Version 2 takes a three device approach to accommodate low, middle, and high-end mobile devices. Other mobile services discussed include SMS reference, customized database searches, and collaboration with other universities on mobile initiatives.
This document defines and describes common technology terms used online including email, wiki, social bookmarking, HTML, podcast, VoIP, online chat, WWW, streaming, blog, social networking, URL, and web feed. Email is for sending electronic messages over a network. A wiki is a collaboratively edited website. Social bookmarking enables sharing bookmarks online. HTML is the language used for web pages. A podcast is an episodic digital audio file. VoIP delivers voice calls over the internet. Online chat allows real-time text messaging. The WWW is a system of hyperlinked documents on the internet. Streaming plays media as it downloads. A blog is a website with discrete blog entries. Social networking facilitates online relationships.
How can users' interests be considered to improve content dissemination/retri...Waldir Moreira
Content will have an important role in what concerns information dissemination and retrieval in Future Internet Architecture (FIA). This surely results in a new way of how communication takes place. Since content is correlated to interest of whomever produces and/or consumes it, considering the users’ interests to aid information exchange seem to be an interesting approach. Additionally, Delay-Tolerant Networks (DTNs) are expected to be part of these future architectures comprised by worldwide network. Thus, this presentation is on how users’ interest and DTNs can be part of the near future Internet.
This presentation was given as a teaser topic in the 2nd Approaches to Paradigms of a Future Internet (API): The Role of the Information-centric Networking Paradigm on Future Internet Architectures, on Jul 9th, 2010, at Portugal Telecom Inovação, Aveiro, Portugal.
http://siti.ulusofona.pt/~api/
Rebecca Grant - Archiving and Digital Preservation (Figshare Fest)dri_ireland
Presentation given by Rebecca Grant, Digital Archivist with Digital Repository of Ireland, part of a workshop on Digital Archiving and Digital Preservation held as part of Figshare Fest in London, May 12th 2016. Figshare is an online digital repository where researchers can preserve and share their research outputs, including figures, datasets, images, and videos. Its annual Figshare Fest is a chance to gather together institutional clients, advocates and friends to talk about open research.
ACRL-ULS Technology and Libraries Lightning Round-upEmily Daly
1) The document summarizes two lightning round sessions from the ACRL-ULS Technology & Libraries Committee that discussed challenges and opportunities around e-books for libraries and top technology trends.
2) The e-books session highlighted the need for increased dialogue with vendors and the role of libraries in providing access to e-content in formats patrons want.
3) The top tech trends session discussed personal digital archives, data curation, changing IT roles, and more personalized public access as areas of potential for highly personal library services and content.
Trends and impact of information technology in academic librariesJeffrey Demaine
Academic libraries have transitioned to becoming primarily virtual destinations as most information is now accessed online. Traditional library roles like cataloguing and reference services do not scale well to the digital environment. Libraries must embrace disruptive innovations like moving collections from print to electronic, assisting faculty with data curation, and developing digital repositories. New technologies like the cloud, metadata standards, and library applications enable libraries to build communities and share resources in new collaborative ways. For the future, libraries should leverage skills in metadata, preservation, and linking to support online scholarship and help repurpose space to foster digital scholarship.
This document discusses the preservation of e-books, including challenges like various formats, lack of standards, and company consolidation. It describes forms of preservation like local storage and initiatives like LOCKSS networks. Light archives allow broad access while dark archives have restricted access until triggered. Programs like LOCKSS, Portico, and CLOCKSS aim to provide long-term access. The document predicts preservation will follow print models over time. E-books are convenient to access but uncomfortable for extended reading and lack the feel of print books.
This document summarizes the 1st International Workshop on Knowledge Diversity on the Web (DiversiWeb2011) which was held on March 28, 2011 in Hyderabad. The workshop aimed to provide an interdisciplinary forum to discuss challenges related to diversity on the web. Topics included risks and advantages of diversity, modeling knowledge diversity, detecting biases in web content, and enabling communication across diverse groups. The workshop featured presentations and discussions on modeling knowledge diversity, expressing opinion diversity, detecting sentiment-based contradictions, faceted diverse query processing, detecting topic variations, and mining diverse views from related articles.
This document discusses digital libraries and their characteristics. It notes that digital libraries provide access to an enormous number of digitized texts and tools. They allow access to information 24/7 through a school's intranet system. However, issues like copyright, standards, and ensuring equitable access must be addressed. The document also compares digital libraries to traditional libraries and outlines some potential advantages and disadvantages of digital libraries for education.
Intro to Library Research for IB History StudentsJessica Breiman
This document provides an overview of research resources and tips for conducting library research. It discusses different types of information sources like social media, blogs, websites, newspapers, journals, books, and the distinction between scholarly, popular, primary and secondary sources. It also summarizes databases like JSTOR and Ebscohost, the importance of tracking sources, citation styles like Chicago, and general research tips such as using subject headings and boolean operators in database searches. Contact information is provided for librarian assistance.
This report examines an anaerobic wastewater treatment system called an improved anaerobic lagoon (LAM) that has been installed at a coffee farm in Nicaragua called Finca El Socorro. The LAM system aims to reduce water pollution from coffee processing wastewater in order to meet UN Millennium Development Goals. During the study period, measurements of key wastewater parameters showed that low pH levels inhibited proper treatment and biogas production in the LAM. It was determined that lime or calcium carbonate would need to be added to raise the pH for effective anaerobic digestion. The report estimates that actual biogas production was much lower than anticipated due to the low pH levels, and that
AMIA: Examining AV Enterprise at a Regional Academic ArchiveJessica Breiman
Presentation delivered by University of Utah AV archivists at the Association of Moving Image Archivists conference 2015
Jessica Breiman
Tawnya Keller
Molly Rose Steed
El documento define los conceptos básicos de hardware, software, internet, redes, sistemas operativos y topología. Explica que el hardware son las partes físicas de un sistema, mientras que el software son los programas. Describe las redes LAN y WAN y cómo conectan dispositivos de forma local y a larga distancia. También define el sistema operativo, smartphones y la topología de redes.
The document discusses how libraries have adapted to providing internet access to patrons. It notes that librarians now use the internet and web to answer reference questions and provide access to new materials. Many libraries have made internet access a top priority to meet patron needs. As a result, libraries now facilitate self-education and enrichment by offering free access to online resources through public workstations. The Library of Congress provides internet access through workstations intended for research use only in accordance with its conduct policies.
Need and Importance of ICT Based Library Services in ODL: With Special Refere...Anupama Chetia
Need and Importance of ICT Based Library Services in ODL: With Special Reference to Krishna Kanta Handiqui State Open University &Gauhati University Institute of Distance and Open Learning
Introduction to digital libraries - definitions, examples, concepts and trend...Olaf Janssen
This presentation gives an introduction to digital libraries.
It first explores different defintions of the phrase "Digital Library".
It then looks at 11 real life examples of digital library websites (slides 44-112), including Europeana, Google Books, Flickr the Commons, Delpher, Wikisource, The Memory of the Netherlands and Project Gutenberg. Each of these DLs is assessed against five different criteria (concepts, properties)
- Content/User experience
- Cultural heritage domain (libraries, archives, museums, AV-institutions)
- Controlled / run by
- Content providing parties
- User involvement
Many references are made to Web2.0-concepts from Tim O'Reilly's article http://www.oreilly.com/pub/a/web2/archive/what-is-web-20.html
From these 11x5 = 55 datapoints 6 trend plots are drawn (slides 116-166) to show "what is hot" and "what is not" in the current DL-landscape. Key slide summarizing this = no 168
Finally, some strategies for content & brand distribution of DLs are being discussed (SEO, Wikipedia, social & ego networks) , as well as some financial trends in DLs
This presentation was given by Olaf Janssen (National Library of the Netherlands - KB) as a lecture for students of the master's course "The Library" at Leiden University, most recently on 3-11-2016.
The document discusses two methods for providing access to forensic disk images in a web service: 1) Emulation as a Service (bwFLA) which implements a QEMU emulator to access disk images and allows booting or mounting images in an emulated environment via a web interface. 2) BitCurator Access Webtools which uses digital forensics libraries to synthesize a view of file systems and data within disk images and provides a web interface for selectively accessing content. Both aim to simplify access while maintaining protections for disk image integrity and allowing redaction of sensitive content.
This document discusses web accessibility and the WCAG guidelines. It defines accessibility and describes how a focus on presentation over content can negatively impact accessibility. The WCAG guidelines provide 12 guidelines to make web content accessible, such as providing text alternatives for non-text content and ensuring users have control over time-sensitive content. Examples of CAPTCHAs, drop-down menus, and effects are discussed in terms of their usability and accessibility. Testing tools like the web developer toolbar and Lynx are also mentioned.
Presentation for seminar by sudeshna dattaSudeshnaDatta6
The digital library is an electronic library where information is stored and retrieved in digital form. A modern digital library is a media server connected to high-speed networks. Digital libraries in an e-learning environment provide resources like online library catalogs, e-journals, e-books, and allow for library consortiums where resources are shared. As libraries enter the knowledge age, librarians should work with IT professionals to develop appropriate learning management systems and acquire training on digital librarianship and information networking technology.
Resource sharing network protocol in library Science (presentation)Muhammad Kashif
This document discusses resource sharing between libraries. It outlines two protocols for resource sharing: conventional and advanced. The conventional protocol involves sharing printed materials through interlibrary loan based on union catalogs and lists. The advanced automated protocol utilizes technologies like the World Wide Web, online public access catalogs, electronic formats, email, MARC standards, Z39.50 for database searching, and digital libraries to share resources electronically. Resource sharing networks allow libraries to provide extensive access to information with limited budgets by collaborating and pooling resources.
ICT has revolutionized libraries and information centers. Libraries have adopted ICT to automate operations, provide digital resources, and take on new roles. Key ICT applications in libraries include library automation systems, digital libraries, institutional repositories, electronic resources, and networking tools. Library professionals must develop skills in areas like software, databases, digital libraries, and multimedia to effectively manage modern libraries using ICT. ICT allows libraries to improve access and services for users in the digital era.
Mlibraries2 ou library mlibraries seminar May 2010m-libraries
The document discusses mobile innovation in UK libraries. It describes the Open University Library's development of a mobile website to better serve students and researchers, most of whom have mobile devices. The initial mobile site (v1) was launched in 2008, with a second version (v2) currently in development. Version 2 takes a three device approach to accommodate low, middle, and high-end mobile devices. Other mobile services discussed include SMS reference, customized database searches, and collaboration with other universities on mobile initiatives.
This document defines and describes common technology terms used online including email, wiki, social bookmarking, HTML, podcast, VoIP, online chat, WWW, streaming, blog, social networking, URL, and web feed. Email is for sending electronic messages over a network. A wiki is a collaboratively edited website. Social bookmarking enables sharing bookmarks online. HTML is the language used for web pages. A podcast is an episodic digital audio file. VoIP delivers voice calls over the internet. Online chat allows real-time text messaging. The WWW is a system of hyperlinked documents on the internet. Streaming plays media as it downloads. A blog is a website with discrete blog entries. Social networking facilitates online relationships.
How can users' interests be considered to improve content dissemination/retri...Waldir Moreira
Content will have an important role in what concerns information dissemination and retrieval in Future Internet Architecture (FIA). This surely results in a new way of how communication takes place. Since content is correlated to interest of whomever produces and/or consumes it, considering the users’ interests to aid information exchange seem to be an interesting approach. Additionally, Delay-Tolerant Networks (DTNs) are expected to be part of these future architectures comprised by worldwide network. Thus, this presentation is on how users’ interest and DTNs can be part of the near future Internet.
This presentation was given as a teaser topic in the 2nd Approaches to Paradigms of a Future Internet (API): The Role of the Information-centric Networking Paradigm on Future Internet Architectures, on Jul 9th, 2010, at Portugal Telecom Inovação, Aveiro, Portugal.
http://siti.ulusofona.pt/~api/
Rebecca Grant - Archiving and Digital Preservation (Figshare Fest)dri_ireland
Presentation given by Rebecca Grant, Digital Archivist with Digital Repository of Ireland, part of a workshop on Digital Archiving and Digital Preservation held as part of Figshare Fest in London, May 12th 2016. Figshare is an online digital repository where researchers can preserve and share their research outputs, including figures, datasets, images, and videos. Its annual Figshare Fest is a chance to gather together institutional clients, advocates and friends to talk about open research.
ACRL-ULS Technology and Libraries Lightning Round-upEmily Daly
1) The document summarizes two lightning round sessions from the ACRL-ULS Technology & Libraries Committee that discussed challenges and opportunities around e-books for libraries and top technology trends.
2) The e-books session highlighted the need for increased dialogue with vendors and the role of libraries in providing access to e-content in formats patrons want.
3) The top tech trends session discussed personal digital archives, data curation, changing IT roles, and more personalized public access as areas of potential for highly personal library services and content.
Trends and impact of information technology in academic librariesJeffrey Demaine
Academic libraries have transitioned to becoming primarily virtual destinations as most information is now accessed online. Traditional library roles like cataloguing and reference services do not scale well to the digital environment. Libraries must embrace disruptive innovations like moving collections from print to electronic, assisting faculty with data curation, and developing digital repositories. New technologies like the cloud, metadata standards, and library applications enable libraries to build communities and share resources in new collaborative ways. For the future, libraries should leverage skills in metadata, preservation, and linking to support online scholarship and help repurpose space to foster digital scholarship.
This document discusses the preservation of e-books, including challenges like various formats, lack of standards, and company consolidation. It describes forms of preservation like local storage and initiatives like LOCKSS networks. Light archives allow broad access while dark archives have restricted access until triggered. Programs like LOCKSS, Portico, and CLOCKSS aim to provide long-term access. The document predicts preservation will follow print models over time. E-books are convenient to access but uncomfortable for extended reading and lack the feel of print books.
This document summarizes the 1st International Workshop on Knowledge Diversity on the Web (DiversiWeb2011) which was held on March 28, 2011 in Hyderabad. The workshop aimed to provide an interdisciplinary forum to discuss challenges related to diversity on the web. Topics included risks and advantages of diversity, modeling knowledge diversity, detecting biases in web content, and enabling communication across diverse groups. The workshop featured presentations and discussions on modeling knowledge diversity, expressing opinion diversity, detecting sentiment-based contradictions, faceted diverse query processing, detecting topic variations, and mining diverse views from related articles.
This document discusses digital libraries and their characteristics. It notes that digital libraries provide access to an enormous number of digitized texts and tools. They allow access to information 24/7 through a school's intranet system. However, issues like copyright, standards, and ensuring equitable access must be addressed. The document also compares digital libraries to traditional libraries and outlines some potential advantages and disadvantages of digital libraries for education.
Intro to Library Research for IB History StudentsJessica Breiman
This document provides an overview of research resources and tips for conducting library research. It discusses different types of information sources like social media, blogs, websites, newspapers, journals, books, and the distinction between scholarly, popular, primary and secondary sources. It also summarizes databases like JSTOR and Ebscohost, the importance of tracking sources, citation styles like Chicago, and general research tips such as using subject headings and boolean operators in database searches. Contact information is provided for librarian assistance.
This report examines an anaerobic wastewater treatment system called an improved anaerobic lagoon (LAM) that has been installed at a coffee farm in Nicaragua called Finca El Socorro. The LAM system aims to reduce water pollution from coffee processing wastewater in order to meet UN Millennium Development Goals. During the study period, measurements of key wastewater parameters showed that low pH levels inhibited proper treatment and biogas production in the LAM. It was determined that lime or calcium carbonate would need to be added to raise the pH for effective anaerobic digestion. The report estimates that actual biogas production was much lower than anticipated due to the low pH levels, and that
AMIA: Examining AV Enterprise at a Regional Academic ArchiveJessica Breiman
Presentation delivered by University of Utah AV archivists at the Association of Moving Image Archivists conference 2015
Jessica Breiman
Tawnya Keller
Molly Rose Steed
El documento define los conceptos básicos de hardware, software, internet, redes, sistemas operativos y topología. Explica que el hardware son las partes físicas de un sistema, mientras que el software son los programas. Describe las redes LAN y WAN y cómo conectan dispositivos de forma local y a larga distancia. También define el sistema operativo, smartphones y la topología de redes.
The document provides an introduction to conducting library research at the J. Willard Marriott Library at the University of Utah. It outlines the library's special collections, which include unpublished materials on topics like Mormons, Native American history, and Utah independent film. It then describes how to contact a librarian for research assistance and discusses different types of information and sources, emphasizing the importance of choosing sources wisely. The document proceeds to discuss searching the library catalog, databases like JSTOR and Google Scholar, and tips for effective database searching. It concludes by mentioning some primary source collections available on the open web and how to search for materials in the library's special collections.
Railroad Collections in the University of Utah Special CollectionsJessica Breiman
This document provides an overview of oral history and photograph collections at the University of Utah related to the Transcontinental Railroad. It summarizes several collections, including the Golden Spike Oral History Project which contains 26 interviews from 1974 documenting the history of the Golden Spike historic site. It also mentions interviews from the 1970s with Japanese Americans, Hispanics, and others who discuss their experiences working on the railroad and in associated industries. Photograph collections highlighted include those related to the Bamberger Railroad and individuals who worked on the Transcontinental Railroad.
Text of Post-Digitization portion of AMIA presentation: Examining AV Enterpri...Jessica Breiman
The document provides an overview of a case study examining a grant-funded project to digitize a local television newsmagazine from the University of Utah's archive. It discusses selecting the EXTRA newsmagazine series for digitization, obtaining funding, completing the digitization work including challenges encountered, and next steps to process and provide access to the digitized content and metadata. Speakers include the head of the archive, an archivist involved in the project, and the head of the library's digital preservation program.
College students often waste time waiting in line for coffee between classes. Meyer Safdieh's app, Coffee Crew, allows students to order coffee using their college meal plan from mobile carts located around campus. When the student arrives, their coffee is already made with no wait time. The $200,000 startup cost would be used to purchase eco-friendly coffee carts and implement the app at universities by finalizing contracts with foodservice companies.
This thesis examines discharge capacity reduction in pressurized pipelines in Rotterdam, the Netherlands. It aims to quantify the effects of gas pockets on capacity and identify if gas pockets influence the pressurized wastewater system in Rotterdam. The document provides background on causes of capacity reduction in pressurized pipelines and methods to detect gas pockets. It then describes the wastewater system in Rotterdam and selects two pumping stations and their pipelines for analysis. Hydraulic models of the selected systems are developed. The results of analyzing the models are then presented to determine if and how much gas pockets reduce capacity in the systems. The thesis confirms gas pockets can significantly reduce capacity and that management of air valves in pressurized
Text of Pre-digitization portion of AMIA: Examining AV Enterprise at a Region...Jessica Breiman
The assistant archivist applied for a grant to digitize a collection of Umatic tapes that comprised a news magazine run within a larger news collection. Their library had no budget for outside digitization and outdated in-house equipment. They wrote white papers describing collections to identify fundable projects. Approval was initially blocked due to concerns about the large amount of digital storage needed for the digitized content. They addressed this by educating library leadership on their work and working with digital preservation to plan sustainable storage. The grant request included funds for salaries, digitization services, a website, launch event, and one year of digital preservation for the funded content.
This short document promotes the creation of Haiku Deck presentations on SlideShare by stating "Inspired?" and providing a button to "GET STARTED" making your own Haiku Deck presentation. It encourages the reader to try making presentations on the Haiku Deck platform hosted on SlideShare in a concise and engaging manner using just two words and a call to action.
Internal controls can be defined as rules, policies, and procedures to prevent adverse events and detect failures. They are divided into financial, operational, and compliance categories. The Companies Act, 2013 requires listed companies to have adequate internal financial controls that are operating effectively. It also requires auditors to evaluate internal controls and the audit committee to review internal controls and risk management. Internal financial controls ensure orderly and efficient conduct of business through adherence to policies, safeguarding assets, and accurate and timely financial reporting. Effective internal controls include a strong control environment, risk management, established policies and procedures, segregation of duties, authorization, access controls, supervision, information and communication, and ongoing monitoring.
Text of Post-Digitization, Digital Preservation portion of AMIA 2015 presenta...Jessica Breiman
The document discusses the history and current state of the library's digital preservation program. It began in 2008 with the hiring of the library's first digital preservation archivist. Since then, the program has developed policies, evaluated software systems, and implemented the Rosetta preservation system. The EXTRA grant highlighted sustainability challenges with preserving large amounts of audiovisual materials. It prompted several projects to help prioritize preservation needs and develop sustainable funding models for the future.
Fee award dollar general raymond dieppa chris wadsworthRaymond R. Dieppa
This document is a judgment ordering the defendant Dollar General to pay attorney's fees and costs to the plaintiff Michele Barry. It summarizes the background of the personal injury case, in which Barry sued Dollar General for injuries from a slip and fall in their store and was awarded $250,087 by a jury. The court found Dollar General's defense counsel engaged in unacceptable and willful misconduct by making false statements in their opening argument that directly contradicted video evidence. As a result, the court sanctioned Dollar General and its counsel under Florida statute 57.105. The court determined the attorney fees and costs requested by Barry's counsel were reasonable.
Tata Motors has seen a reduction in key financial metrics like EBDITA, EBIT, PBT and PAT from 2012-2015. This has occurred during a period of weak operating environment for the standalone business. As an investor, it is questionable whether Tata Motors remains a good company to invest in. This financial modeling aims to provide a target share price by considering factors like CAPEX, WACC and working capital. It examines the company's performance over the last 5 years and management's actions in response to the weak environment to help determine if Tata Motors presents value for potential investment.
The document discusses the "One Minute Manager" approach to management. It emphasizes using short amounts of time - one minute - for key management tasks like goal setting, praising employees, and reprimanding employees when needed. The three qualities of an effective one minute manager are: 1) One minute goal setting by agreeing on and writing goals in under 250 words, 2) One minute praising by immediately and specifically praising employees' good work, and 3) One minute reprimanding by immediately but constructively addressing poor performance while reassuring the employee of their value.
Research of retention and disposition processes in an internet website of the government of Israel: The Ministry of Foreign Affairs as a case study (He) Interpares
Dr. Silvia Schenkolewski-Kroll, Senior Lecturer, Department of Information Science, Bar-Ilan University
Dr. Assaf Tractinsky, Israel State Archives, Manager of Information and Description Department
Research of retention and disposition processes in an internet website of the government of Israel: The Ministry of Foreign Affairs as a case study (He) Interpares
Dr. Silvia Schenkolewski-Kroll, Senior Lecturer, Department of Information Science, Bar-Ilan University
Dr. Assaf Tractinsky, Israel State Archives, Manager of Information and Description Department
The Challenges of Making Data Travel, by Sabina LeonelliLEARN Project
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Navigating Access to Legacy Oral History Collections
1. Navigating Access to Legacy Oral History
Collections
Jessica Breiman, Special Collections, Marriott Library
Julia Huddleston, Special Collections Marriott Library
Leighton Quarles, American West Center
University of Utah Image by Irwin Scott
2. Attendees will be able to:
➢Anticipate and plan for obstacles to oral
history access projects
➢Understand the impact of such a project on
partners inside and outside of library
➢Describe policies to be evaluated, created,
and updated in the process of such a project
Goals
3. Roles
Collection, access, preservation
Challenges
Waivers, formats,intellectual organization,
partnerships and turnover, Communication
Confronting the Challenges
Online access and media streaming, policies and
procedures, best practices
Outline
5. Special Collections @ the U
➢Manuscripts
➢Western Americana
➢Rare Books
➢Multimedia Archives (Photographs and AV)
➢University Archives and Records
Management
6. Oral History Collections at the U
Generally arranged by project
➢ 18 projects with transcripts
and audio
➢ 27 Audio/Visual only
➢ 29 transcript only
7. The American West Center
A center devoted to public humanities in the West
➢ Conduit for oral histories to the Marriott
Library
➢ Founded in 1964
➢ Official home is the the College of
Humanities
➢ Interdepartmental staff
➢ Multiple funding sources
➢ Tasks: Decide on projects, obtain funding,
conduct and process interviews, send to
library
10. Oral History Staff and Training
➢Interviewers
○ Generally 1-2 depending on project funding
○ Combination of paid staff, volunteers and graduate
students
➢Transcriptionists
○ Generally 2-3 at a time, part-time, volunteer or graduate
assistants
➢Training
○ Has historically been informal, depending on the director
○ Will be addressed in new policies and procedures manual
11. The Interview Collection Process
➢Contact
➢Interview conducted
○ waiver signed
➢Transcription
➢Transcript sent to
interviewee for editing
➢Interview finalized
➢Summary written
➢Interviews submitted to
12. Workflows
➢ Collections deposited in library; transcripts go to
Manuscripts, audio/video goes to Multimedia Archives
➢ Collections processed, finding aids created and placed
online; MARC records updated
➢ Digitization priorities established; digital items moved
into digital preservation system
➢ Metadata team creates metadata conforming to
Mountain West Digital Library Dublin Core Application
Profile; item placed in digital library
13. Services @ the U
➢Preservation
➢Processing and metadata
➢Access
➢Reference and Instruction
➢Personal copies
➢Transcription services/funding
17. Challenges: Processing
➢File numbering
○ two different systems inherited by
predecessors
➢Finding aids separated by department
➢Technical metadata is lost in translation
➢Backlog!
18. Challenges: Waivers
➢Early waivers were very general:
➢Did not anticipate online access
➢Growing complexity and lack of unified use
“I willingly contribute my testimony
recorded on [date/year] to the Library
of the University of Utah to be used
for scholarly purposes.”
19.
20. Missing Waivers
➢Another big problem is some collections
were missing waivers entirely
○ No copyright has been transferred
○ Increased risk of privacy violations
○ Ethical concerns
21. An example of an interviewee who backed out of the project
22. Challenges: The partnership
➢Joint server access
➢New accessions & digital upload of
interviews
➢Staff turnover
➢Lack of policy & procedure documents
➢Funding
24. Online Access
➢Four collections are available fully online
○ Another is partially available, due to permissions
➢Two more have been digitized and are
awaiting metadata
○ This is the most time consuming part of the process
○ Can take several months
➢Digital objects are linked in the finding aid
25. Use Agreement
I acknowledge and agree that all information I obtain as a result of
accessing any oral history provided by the University of Utah’s Marriott
Library shall be used only for historical or scholarly or academic research
purposes, and not for commercial purposes.
I understand that any other use of the materials is not authorized by the
University of Utah and may exceed the scope of permission granted to the
University of Utah by the interviewer or interviewee. I may request
permission for other uses, in writing to Special Collections at the Marriott
Library, which the University of Utah may choose grant, in its sole
discretion.
I agree to defend, indemnify and hold the University of Utah and its Marriott
Library harmless for and against any actions or claims that relate to my
improper use of materials provided by the University of Utah.
26. Communication and Partnership
➢Consult with Campus Legal Counsel
➢Collaboration with Digital Operations and
Application Programming
➢Establish personal relationships
➢Establish parameters of partnership
➢Document and make clear workflows
within each unit
27. Policies and Procedures
➢Training manual for interviewers and
transcriptionists
➢Policies for access and digitization (establish
the queue!)
➢Preservation policies (filetypes/sizes)
➢File naming conventions
➢Regularly scheduled review of waivers
30. What We Have Learned
➢Keep reviewing why you’re doing what
you’re doing
○ How can we improve access?
➢Communicate between divisions
➢Keep your successors in mind
Archives across the country are struggling with how to reconcile collections in which many different formats exist
Our goals in presenting about this topic are that participants, whether archivists, oral historians, or librarians will be able to anticipate and plan for some of the obstacles they’ll face when starting oral history access projects
We want attendees to understand the impact of such access projects on partners and other departments in the library, including cataloging, web development, and IT.
We hope that participants will be able to think about and discuss potential policies that will need to be evaluated, created, and updated in the process of such a project
Roles - the roles and services that the library provides, and also that of the American West Center, a research institute on campus that is the main provider of oral histories to Special Collections
Challenges - In the second section we will talk about some of the challenges we have faced in providing more methods of access to these oral history collections,
In the final section, we will discuss how we’ve been addressing these challenges, and what we are still working on but have yet to quite solve
Special Collections at the University of Utah is divided up into several departments. The reason I bring this up is to highlight how independently each of these departments operates. Each department has different managers, different ways of accessioning and processing collections, and different workflows. Juli and I come from very different departments and the collaboration that we have initiated is really very different from the usual operating system.
We arrange our oral histories topically according to projects-- these include ethnic and religious minorities, coal mining, veterans, outdoor recreation, politics, the history of the U and even covering recent topics such as Occupy Wall Street.
The oral history program at the University of Utah began in 1966, nearly fifty years ago, when the University received a grant from the tobacco heiress Doris Duke to conduct interviews with American Indians in the west. Since then our program has grown considerably:
We have 74 projects
18 with AV and Transcripts
27 with just audio or video
29 with just transcripts
Some of these projects have hundreds of interviews in them. Oral histories are among our most heavily used archival material.
Leighton
Founded in 1964, the American West Center is a small research center devoted to public humanities in the West. Housed over the years in both the College of Social and Behavioral Science and the College of Humanities, the Center’s mission has never changed--to study the American West and its peoples, conduct research and develop archives for stakeholders ranging from Native American nations to the City of Salt Lake to the Federal Government, to train future professionals, and most of all, to help broaden and deepen public understanding of the Western past through collection of oral history interviews.
Funding: the Center receives its base funding from the College of Humanities and the HIstory Department, but sustains itself mostly through outside grants and contracts.
Leadership:
The director, a professor drawn from History, Anthropology and POlitical Science to date but most often History, serves a four-year renewable term
The ASsistant Director is a graduate student and thus serves two to five years usually. we have had assistant directors from several fields. I work in history, the previous assistant director was in creative writing, and we work closely with the environmental humanities program.
The Assistant Director is the primary point of contact with the Library.
From a practical standpoint, the Center acts as a conduit for oral history interviews to the Marriott. The director of the AWC, in consultation with and often in conjunction with the Associate Dean of Special Collections at the Marriott, decides what the next oral history project will be and how large it will be, and is responsible for obtaining the funds to actually collect and process the interviews before passing them to the Marriott where they will be preserved and become available to the public.
Oral History and the AWC:
originally created to publish the magazine of the Western History Association, the American West Center found its long term mission in 1966 when the center received responsibility for a sizeable grant from tobacco heiress doris Duke--the University of Utah being one of only six institutions to receive the Duke grants--to record Native Americans telling their history in their own words. This project, which encompassed nearly 1500 interviews, provided the reason for the successful partnership between the American WEst Center and the Marriott Library. The Center’s initial oral history mission has since broadened to include a wide range of oral history projects. these projects, which started with the ethnic oral history project in the 1970s, designed to capture the experience of utah’s remarkably diverse population, have over the years grown to encompass a variety of topics, such as the outdoor recreation activities such as skiing and climbing which have a significant impact on utah’s economy and culture. In 1999 the Center began collecting World WAr II veterans’ oral histories. Dubbed the “Saving the Legacy project,” this collection numbers over 600 interviews. Our ongoing veterans’ collections now include iraq and afghanistan, and most recently, an attempt to gather a more total oral history of the Vietnam War focused not just on veterans, but also on civilian participants in the conflict, refugees, and even antiwar protesters. Other oral history projects have centered on everything from land use and cultural perceptions of Utah and its geography to emergent social issues such as the Occupy movement. In all, Center staff have collected over 7,000 oral histories!
As an outgrowth of the Doris Duke Native American oral history project, the Center became involved early on in helping create tribal archives for a number of Native American nations all over the WEst including the Shoshone-Bannock Tribes, Uintah-Ouray and Ute Mountain Ute tribes, Tohono O’odham Nation, and several others. the Duke project also spawned a number of educational initiatives, including a Native American history curriculum used in multiple institutions in the US and Canada. For much of its existence the Center has also worked with land management agencies, local communities and Native nations to provide historical and policy analyses on environmental and land use issues and provided expert testimony in numerous cases.
Community engagement is a key part of what we are about. the AWC also produces and sponsors lectures, symposia, exhibits, and conferences for public audiences. Now entering its sixth decade, the American West Center continues its multifaceted mission while serving as a valuable training ground for publicly engaged scholars.
Leighton:
This slide approved by Greg Thompson...
The core of what we’re discussing today, of course, is the relationship between the Center and the library. The American WEst Center and the Marriott Library have had a close relationship since 1967 when Floyd O’Neil and Gregory C. Thompson, two western history Graduate Students at the University of Utah, became involved in the Doris Duke oral history project. Dr. Thompson, who is now associate dean of special collections at the Marriott, has been integral to the partnership’s success over the past five decades. Dr. O’Neil has been no less critical, ever since his unofficial assumption of leadership duties at the Center in the late 1960s. At 87, he still comes to work!
This personal partnership, the longevity of which is best shown perhaps by these wonderful photos of Dr. THompson, has been the salvation of the Center, which a number of times in its long history has teetered on the edge of oblivion. it has, however, also meant that the AWC/Marriott partnership remains unofficial.
Leighton
Part of the Center’s mission is to act as a training ground for publicly engaged scholars. AS such, AWC interviewers are usually staff or affiliates. The director, graduate student staff, and professors affiliated with the Center on a temporary basis all conduct interviews, along with a small number of paid professional contractors. For example, on average the AWC employs 1 or 2 paid interviewers for each project. This number is of course funding-related. For the Saving the Legacy oral history project, which focused on WWII veterans and enjoyed substantial financial backing, they employed 5. Projects can also dovetail with classes. For example, former director Matt Basso is teaching an oral history class and has started an oral history project on aging in Utah. His students have collected between thirty and forty interviews, which the Center will process and submit to the Marriott. Volunteers also periodically conduct interviews.
WHoever conducts the interview, it is important to ensure the production of as good an interview as possible. INterviewers need to be prepared, as do their subjects. The AWC uses the Oral History ASsociation’s guidelines and works hard to ensure that our interviews set a high standard. The Library does not have quality control over what we give them, so it’s incumbent upon us to make the interviews as good as we possibly can.
Transcriptionists, like interviewers, can be staff or volunteer. Currently AWC employs two long-term, part-time transcriptionists, one of whom is also an interviewer. Graduate students moving through the Center also transcribe, but infrequently due to the need for a dedicated, experienced transcriptionist with an ear for detail and context. This is an especially significant concern when transcribing interviews with members of specialized communities, such as veterans, scientists, or others who work in a jargon-rich environment, and even with concerns such as accents.
Transcription is potentially a significant bottleneck. Our best transcriptionist can do a one-hour interview in perhaps two and a half hours, which is unusual. The best transcriptionists are worth their weight in gold and we pay them as much as our limited budget allows.
Training:
Interviewer training is informal and varies depending on the director/assistant director’s level of interest and funding available. The current program involves both practical and theoretical readings along with hands-on practice and supervision by the assistant director. Training also varies according to the interviewer’s experience level. The current director and his predecessor are both highly trained and personally invested in oral history.
As a service to the community and a teaching tool for staff, the Center conducts an oral history workshop once per year.
[Leighton]
Step one is finding people to interview. This requires a substantial amount of research and is often dictated by how the project was conceived of. For example, the Center’s current project on the Vietnam War began with veterans, using the University of Utah’s annual veterans’ recognition program as a place to start looking for interviewees. Following up with advertising and talking to people in the Salt Lake Vietnamese community we have been able to substantially expand our interviewee pool and enrich the project. It is important to remember, however, that some subjects are trickier than others. Dealing with minority populations and people with a sense of alienation from wider society requires care and a commitment to making people feel at ease and conveying our wish to help them tell their stories, not do it for them.
Before conducting an interview, the interviewer secures a statement of informed consent from the interviewee, explaining and discussing the waiver’s details and ensuring that both parties clearly understand and are comfortable with the procedure. Following completion, the interview is sent to the assistant director, who assigns it to a transcriptionist. Upon transcription, the interview is sent to the interviewee (physically or digitally, depending on arrangement with the interviewee) for editing, with an emphasis on correcting factual errors and taking care to preserve original meaning. The draft is sent back to the AWC, where the assistant director makes all corrections and produces a final draft, which is sent to the interviewee along with a copy of the audio if requested. This final draft is formatted in accordance with the Marriott Library’s standards. The transcriptionist (or the assistant director) also writes a brief summary of the interview to be placed in the finding aid. The final product sent to the Marriott Library consists of the edited draft, the final draft, and the summary, along with 16-bit waveform audio and, if it is a video interview, a lossless .mov video of the interview.
There are a few possible bumps in the road.
The most significant is that interviewees may never return their drafts due to busy schedules or just absentmindedness. To combat this problem we use a clause in the waiver mandating that after sixty days from being sent, the interview is considered final and may be submitted. Nonetheless, we often give interviewees up to a year.
A future recommendation might be to change the wiaver so that upon an interviewee’s death, or if they move away from the address they give, the 60-day clause goes into effect.
A thing to remember with how oral history works is that oral history is conceived of as a democratic process. We aim to give people the opportunity to tell their story and take an active hand in its preservation and presentation. Sometimes that means a loss of efficiency.
all that took me 10 minutes to deliver.
The interviews are deposited in the library quarterly. The AV component goes to the AV Archives, and Transcripts go to Manuscripts
Each department processes them and makes sure they are fully useable.
Finding aids are created and uploaded to Northwest Digital Archives site. To be clear, in current workflows, there is one finding aid for the transcript collection, and one finding aid for the audiovisual content. This is a workflow that may be changed with our collections, but that has been the practice so far, mostly due to the fact that there are different numbering systems for the transcript and the AV items.
Each oral history collection, if it has a finding aid, has a MARC record that appears in the catalog as well.
Digitization priorities are determined, if necessary although More and more items are coming in as born digital items. After digitization occurs, items go to the metadata team to prepare them to be loaded into our digital library, and the raw files are moved into our digital preservation system.
Preservation (digital + physical)
We provide physical preservation of all formats, and we provide digital preservation through archival servers with tape backups and a digital preservation system called Rosetta
Processing and Metadata
On the AV side, there can be a bit more to processing collections to make them ready for the archival servers.I do file renaming, appropriate foldering levels, and assure that the filetypes are appropriate for digital preservation. For the last year or so, I have been working on prepping a very large oral history collection of audiotapes to be digitized. It will be put online when it’s ready, but before I even send it to our digitizing department, I have to make sure that all the oral histories are in numerical order, so they can be matched up with the corresponding transcript,and that I send them up with the appropriate metadata.
Access (online + in person)
Access to transcripts is always available in our reading room. Access to AV depends on if the item is digitized. If it is still on tape cassette or reel to reel, we need prior notice before providing access so we can digitize it.
Reference + Instruction
We provide reference services any time we are open, as well as by phone and email. We try and provide instruction as needed or requested by professors, but we’re currently very short staffed and we can’t always provide more than a one shot instruction session, which is not ideal for our students.
Personal copies (free for family members)
We can provide personal copies of just about anything, and those copies, whether audio, video, or transcripts, are free to direct family members.
Funding
One of the things that is unique about our relationship with the American West Center is that we provide some funding for the oral histories that go into our collection.
Juli
Obstacles to online access
Allowing interviewees to edit a transcript is standard procedure in the oral history world but it does not mean audio gets edited, because we just don’t have that kind of time. However, a lot of times waivers refer only to the edited version of an oral history and what the library can do with that, so we’ve had to navigate a little bit differently when it comes to putting the audio of oral histories online. This waiver of copyright is really important and dictates what we can do with an oral history, which we will talk about in a few minutes.
Original cataloging also takes a good deal of time, so even if we have something digitized, it often gets stuck in the queue for original cataloging.
Legacy collections deemed as “restricted”
We also have inherited several collections from our predecessors simply marked as restricted. These legacy collections take a good deal of investigation before we can determine why they were marked as restricted and whether that label is really accurate.
Collections that have not been transcribed -- we have lots of collections where we have audio or video and no transcript, although our patrons generally prefer to be able to skim through transcripts.
Findability: No shared web presence
People are very often confused about how to get access to our collections. The AWC has one website within the university; the library has another; and our finding aids get located in a site called the Northwest Digital Archives project
Digitizing time for AV
No AV materials digitize at less than real time; it can take hours to digitize an oral history on audio or video. We are starting to get more collections already in digital formats, but for our legacy collections and the staff we currently have, it will likely take us years before all of those collections are in digital formats.
Large video files
In the oral history realm, it is becoming vastly more common to make video oral histories, and especially HD video, which results in quite a large file. Sometimes people are unaware of how expensive digital space is, and especially archival digital space. The AWC recently purchased HD video equipment for their interviews, which is great for the patron, but puts a lot of funding pressure on the library because the files are so big and we don’t necessarily have the digital room or money to spend to purchase more digital room to preserve these files.
We are currently discussing within the library is how to approach this. We cannot ingest every oral history in this kind of huge file format. We will likely be asking the American West Center to prioritize some interviews for video and leave the rest as audio or to request money for digital preservation in their grant applications.
File naming and formats
Part of this issue is really about how to disseminate information to the oral history interviewers. Sometimes interviewers don’t understand that we need certain file types and file naming systems for digital preservation. Interviewers sometimes record the interview in a MP3 format, which is a very compressed audio file format. This compressed file is really lacking the quality of something we want to preserve; it would be much better if all the files were uncompressed WAV format files. Sometimes there is an issue with file naming and foldering, which is really vital for digital files because they often get separated from their CD cases or hard drives, so we need that kind of detail to determine what the file really is.
All of this leads to a bit more complication, especially because there is another entity to communicate with: digital preservation archivist, who is actually housed within our IT department
Numbering
the AWC uses their own numbering system, which is not used by the Manuscripts Division
AV decided to keep the AWC number system
The two departments didn’t communicate when this decision was made, but it would be too time consuming to renumber so we try to intellectually link the two items
Finding Aids separated by dept.
As a result, patrons are confused by separate EADs for transcripts/audio components, may not be aware that there are both transcripts and audio
Metadata that is lost in translation e.g. technical metadata from video cameras & recording equipment about the files. this information help us down the road for digital preservation
Backlog! Not all of our collections are processed or have finding aids. Awareness has been helping and we’ve been prioritizing the projects that are requested.
AV digitization and preservation is a time consuming task--- audio cannot be digitized faster than real time. For context, some interviews are 2 hours, and some are close to 100 hours.
We’re lucky that most of our oral histories have usable waivers, however in the 40 years that we’ve been collecting oral history projects, the waivers have changed significantly. This text is from a 1988 interview and does not mention copyright transfer, reproduction, and does not anticipate technological advances. More troubling is that the same waiver was recycled by a mis-informed interviewer as recently as 2006, well after we knew about the complexities presented by providing online access, audio files, copyright and more.
It is important to have the right waiver for the right project
copyright transfer
items being put online
possibly shared copyright depending on the grant (Utah Humanities Foundation)
Juli
Perhaps more troubling are the interviews that lack waivers entirely. When I stepped into my role, I inherited two filing cabinets full of interviews that were missing waivers (or had other problems), and had been deemed inaccessible.
This assumption was based on the lack of copyright transfer from the interviewee, but this is not correct. We can make interviews available to researchers in the reading room, as long as it falls under fair use.
We do, however, want the waiver, and interviewer can’t decide not to collect one. However old interviews that have been gathering dust can be made available as a last resort. We have to be more careful with these interviews, which is difficult given the volume of interviews we have.
Another challenge is when someone rescinds their consent prior to the interview being deposited in the library. Here is an example of an upset interviewee:
Juli
Preservation (digital + physical)
We provide physical preservation of all formats, and we provide digital preservation through archival servers with tape backups and a digital preservation system called Rosetta
Processing and Metadata
On the AV side, there can be a bit more to processing collections to make them ready for the archival servers.I do file renaming, appropriate foldering levels, and assure that the filetypes are appropriate for digital preservation. For the last year or so, I have been working on prepping a very large oral history collection of audiotapes to be digitized. It will be put online when it’s ready, but before I even send it to our digitizing department, I have to make sure that all the oral histories are in numerical order, so they can be matched up with the corresponding transcript,and that I send them up with the appropriate metadata.
Access (online + in person)
Access to transcripts is always available in our reading room. Access to AV depends on if the item is digitized. If it is still on tape cassette or reel to reel, we need prior notice before providing access so we can digitize it.
Reference + Instruction
We provide reference services any time we are open, as well as by phone and email. We try and provide instruction as needed or requested by professors, but we’re currently very short staffed and we can’t always provide more than a one shot instruction session, which is not ideal for our students.
Personal copies (free for family members)
We can provide personal copies of just about anything, and those copies, whether audio, video, or transcripts, are free to direct family members.
Funding
One of the things that is unique about our relationship with the American West Center is that we provide some funding for the oral histories that go into our collection.
Jessica
We have the transcripts of four oral history projects digitized and available online, another is partially online due to the permissions we were able to obtain from the interviewees and ethical concerns
Started with the most heavily used projects
Three more projects have been digitized and are awaiting metadata, which is very time consuming because it’s Original cataloging at an item level and the metadata has to conform to Mountain West Digital Library standards
Additionally, the AV digitization is very time consuming. As we mentioned, it is done at real-time, so it takes many hours for a single interview to be digitized. Also has to be compressed before it’s available online, and This means it will be a longer until we are able to provide that service. g
When we have the digital objects and the metadata is applied, we link the files directly to the finding aid.
Right now, we don’t have any audio or video collections of oral histories online. Those have taken more time, partly because of the length of the digitizing process. But when we finish digitizing the audio, those AV files will be also linked to the finding aid and to the transcripts.
Putting the audio and video online is a little different than the transcripts because the transcripts have been edited by the interviewee. However, in the AV Archives, we don’t have time to edit the audio or video files in accordance with all the edits the interviewee has made. After a consultation with our copyright librarian about the legality of putting the unedited AV files online, we were referred to Campus Legal Counsel.
Campus Legal Counsel advised us to put up a pop up use agreement on the audio and video files. Whenever someone accesses one of these files, they have to click on this use agreement you see on the slide to continue. This basically just states that the user will only use these oral histories for personal or research purposes.
A big part of this is because our previous waivers in which interviewees deeded their interviews to the library only referred to edited transcripts, so with the audio and video files, we had to make sure we were basically recreating the reading room environment online in our digital library. We have fixed this in our most recent waiver.
One of the ways we have been able to move forward in providing access to our legacy oral history collections is really by building clear communication between the AV Archives, Manuscripts, the American West Center, Campus Legal Counsel, and also different departments within the library.
This communication is most effective when personal relationships are established and you know someone beyond just an email address. As humans, I think we feel more responsible to people we know personally and it helps to have collegial relationships with each other.
Establishing the parameters of these partnerships has been helpful to me , for instance, to know what services the metadata team can provide and what I will need to do myself, and the same for the American West Center. What can I reasonably expect them to do before they deposit an interview with us and what do I need to do to hold up the library’s end of the bargain? Although the library’s relationship with the American West Center is informal, we can still define the parameters we work under and document those as necessary.
Having regular contact with the campus legal team also means that we really have a liaison to go to when copyright or ownership is unclear. It’s been great for us to work with someone who is developing a niche knowledge of oral history law.
Part of this communication is really to let other folks know how our workflows function in the library, especially between Special Collections and Digital Operations, who does our document and a lot of our AV digitizing, our Digital Preservation team, as well as Metadata and Cataloging. Application programming is the team within the library that created the pop up on our streaming audio as well, so we’ve been collaborating with them.
Part of how this helps us is really on the front end too. The American West Center can give us a heads up when it has video files, we can make space on our servers to be able to put large high quality files into them.
Another part of the way that we are still working through that started with our legacy oral history collections but really applies to many other collections is just establishing policies and procedures. We are working on a formalized training manual for interviewers and transcriptionists so they know what the library needs from them and why.
Some of these policies we are working on will address how we establish a queue for digitization, and preservation policies in terms of filetypes and sizes of files, filenaming protocols.
An imperative part of collaborations like ours includes a regularly scheduled review of waivers. This next slide is an image of a waiver that was recently reviewed and edited by the legal team and one of the changes that they made clear on this review was that the audio and video files would not be edited.
Jessica
Shared spaces are really important, and we are moving forward on being able to be more linked in the digital world.
The Multimedia Archives was recently allowed to give the American West Center read only Access to our server space so that they can have access to all the digital audio files.
The situation isn’t ideal because they can access the rest of our collections as well. The way the servers are set up, we had to give them access to all of the collections or none of them, so we just work on a trust basis that they won’t be accessing or using any other collections on the servers.
We also have a new webpage in the works that lists all of our oral history collections and provides links to the finding aids. This webpage will also refer patrons from one collection to another. As Juli talked about, sometimes collections have different names. While in Multimedia, we have a collection called Ethnic Oral Histories, but in Manuscripts it has a different title. So this website provides the patron with say, a list of manuscript oral history collections and the corresponding titles of collections in the Multimedia Archives.
Keep reviewing why we are doing what we are doing-- never settle for “this is how it has always been done”
Oral histories are too important to let sit unused
Improve access!
Communicate between divisions
Ask questions!
What’s your workflow? Where do things go?
What would make your job easier? How can I make your job easier?
Oral histories are too important to let sit unused; especially when they document underrepresented group!
Remember the future archivist and don’t make them do all of this over again -- document, document, document everything!
Don’t assume that your faculty, patrons, students, oral history interviewers, etc. know how all of this works; be patient and committed to educating them on processes