nature structure and replication of DNA PRESENTATION - Copy2.pptx

2. DEPARTMENT OF GENETICS AND PLANT BREEDING
Submitted by-
Aman Nag
M.Sc. (Ag) – 1st semester
Submitted to-
Dr. R.K. Gupta
Dr. Anurag Tripathi
Dr. Akanksha Guru
Dr. Amit Nagar
TOPIC- NATURE STRUCTURE AND REPLICATION OF
DNA

3. DNA :
Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is a complex molecule that contains
genetic instructions for the development, growth, and reproduction
of all known organisms and many viruses. DNA is also involved in
protein synthesis.

4. •Composition: DNA is made up of four types of nucleotide
bases: adenine (A), cytosine (C), guanine (G), and thymine
(T).
•Shape: DNA resembles a twisted ladder.
•Polarity: DNA is polar and soluble in water.
•Acidity: DNA is acidic due to its phosphate groups.
•
NATURE OF DNA:

5. The strands of DNA run antiparallel,
meaning the 5' end of one DNA strand is
parallel with the 3' end of the other DNA
strand.
DNA is also found in mitochondria and
chloroplasts.
STRUCTURE OF DNA:
DNA is formed by two polynucleotides
stands.
Two stands are held together by
hydrogen bonds

6. REPLICATION OF DNA:
DNA replication is the process of creating two identical copies of DNA from one
original DNA molecule. It's a vital part of biological inheritance and occurs in all
living organisms.
The four steps of DNA replication are:
1.Replication fork formation: The double-stranded DNA molecule is "unzipped" into
two single strands.
2.Primer binding: The leading strand is the easiest to replicate.
3.Elongation: DNA polymerase matches bases to the original strand.
4.Termination: The two DNA helices are divided into daughter cells at mitosis.

8. ENZYMES INVOLVE IN DNA REPLICATION:
● DNA helicase ● Unwinds the double helix by breaking hydrogen bonds
● RNA primase ● Builds an RNA primer on leading and lagging strands
● DNA polymerase ● Adds daughter nucleotides on the parent strands
● DNA ligase ● Joins Okazaki fragments to form a continuous strand
ENZYME FUNCTION

9. SOURCES –
1) FUNDAMENTAL OF GENETICS
2)GOOGLE
3)R.S. RAJPUT SIR

10. Thank You…