Polyploidy and its role in crop improvementamannag.pptx

1. JANTA VEDIC COLLEGE BARAUT (BAGHPAT) U.P
DEPARTMENT OF GENETICS & PLANT BREEDING
Submitted by -
Aman Nag
Class- M.Sc (Ag)
First semester
Session 2023-24
Submitted to -
Dr. R.K. Gupta
Dr. Anurag tripathi
Dr. Amit nagar
Dr. Akanksha guru
TOPIC - POLYPLOID AND ITS ROLE IN CROP IMPROVEMENT

2. POLYPLOIDY
• Presence of more than two genomes in an
individual is know as polyploidy.
• Polyploidy Is two types-
1. Autopolyploid 2. Allopolyploid

3. 1. Autopolyploid More than two copies of the
same genome present
Autotriploid Three copies of same
genome
(AAA)
3x Ex- Banana , Apple ,
Watermelon
Autotetraploid Four copies of same
genome
(BBBB)
4x Ex- Rye , Grape
Autopentaploid Five copies of same genome
(CCCCC)
5x
Autohexaploid Six copies of same genome
(DDDDDD)
6x Ex- Sugarbeet
Autooctapiod Eight copies of same
genome
(AAAAAAAA)
8x Ex- Strawberry

4. 2. Alloplyploid Allopolyploids contain two or
more distint genomes, which
are derived from different
species.
Also known as hybrid polyploidy
Allotetraploid Two distinct genomes ; each
has two copies
(AABB)
(2x1 + 2x2)***
Allohexaploid Three distinct genomes ; each
has two copies
(AABBDD)
(2x1 + 2x2 + 2x3)***
Allooctaploid Four distinct genomes ; each
has two copies
(AABBCCRR)
(2x1 + 2x2 + 2x3 + 2x4)***

5. Application in crop improvement
● Triploid watermelons are produced by crossing tetraploid (4x, female) and
diploid (2x, male) lines.
● Triploid sugarbeets produce larger roots and more sugar cantain .
● A triploid (3x) clone of tea (TV-29) has been released for commercial
cultivation of india. T-29 gives higher leaf yield than diploid clones
● Pusa Giant Berseem It yields 20- 30% more green fodder.

6. Evolution of
bread wheat
(2n= 14)
(2n= 14)
( 2n= 28 )
(2n = 14 )
( 2n = 21 )
( 2n= 42)

7. ( Wheat ) Triticum turgidum × Secale cereale (Rye)
( AABB) 2n= 28) (RR) (2n=14)
F1 Hybrid (ABR)
(Sterile )
( Chromosome doubling )
(AA BB RR)
Triticale hexaploide
(Allohexaploid)
( 2n= 42 )
Evolution
of
triticale

8. Evolution
of
Mustard
Triangle
of U
proposed
by -
Nagaharu

9. Evolution
of cotton

10. Evolution
of
tobacco

11. References-
B.D. Singh Book
&
Internet

12. Thank you